2,241 research outputs found
Soyuz 22: New contribution to earth study from space
The mission of space flight Soyuz-22 was to develop new and improved methods and means for finding tthe Earth's natural resources from outer space to aid the economy. With the help of the new multispectral space camera, MKF-6, the cosmonauts were able to photograph selected areas of U.S.S.R. and the German Democratic Republic in 4 visible and 2 infrared regions of the spectrum. The MKF-6 can simultaneously photograph areas in 6 spectral regions and register both the natural electromagnetic radiation of surface objects and the solar radiation reflected by them
As the goose flies: Migration routes and timing of strategies influence genetic diversity patterns of a circumpolar goose
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°
As opposed to traditional testing, the deductive verification represents a formal way to examine the program correctness. But what about the correctness of the verification system itself? The theoretical foundations of Hoareβs logic were examined in classical works, and some soundness/completeness theorems are well-known. However, we practically are not aware of implementations of those theoretical methods which were subjected to anything more than testing. In other words, our ultimate goal is a verification system which can be self-applicable (at least partially). In our recent studies we addressed ourselves to the metageneration approach in order to make such a task more feasible.ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ? Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊ Π₯ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ (Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ). Π Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ
ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ‘Π Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠΠΠ―, ΠΠ«ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ’Π Π‘ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ
The corresponding rare earth metal (REM) ion concentration dependence of the reaction capacity (R) of molten lithiumβpotassium chloride eutectic mixture held in contact with neodymium and dysprosium has been investigated at 773, 873, and 973 K. The obtained data of R values permitted to determine the charge of Nd and Dy ions that go into the melt in the process of corrosion of REM studied and define concretely the mechanism of current-free transfer of REM onto more electropositive metals (for example, nickel).ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ (R) ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° (Π ΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
773, 873 ΠΈ 973 Π. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
R ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Nd ΠΈ Dy, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π ΠΠ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ)
Neutron star composition in strong magnetic fields
We study the problem of neutron star composition in the presence of a strong
magnetic field. The effects of the anomalous magnetic moments of both nucleons
and electrons are investigated in relativistic mean field calculations for a
-equilibrium system. Since neutrons are fully spin polarized in a large
field, generally speaking, the proton fraction can never exceed the field free
case. An extremely strong magnetic field may lead to a pure neutron matter
instead of a proton-rich matter.Comment: 12 pages, 3 postscript files include
Characterization of extrasolar terrestrial planets from diurnal photometric variability
The detection of massive planets orbiting nearby stars has become almost
routine, but current techniques are as yet unable to detect terrestrial planets
with masses comparable to the Earth's. Future space-based observatories to
detect Earth-like planets are being planned. Terrestrial planets orbiting in
the habitable zones of stars-where planetary surface conditions are compatible
with the presence of liquid water-are of enormous interest because they might
have global environments similar to Earth's and even harbor life. The light
scattered by such a planet will vary in intensity and colour as the planet
rotates; the resulting light curve will contain information about the planet's
properties. Here we report a model that predicts features that should be
discernible in light curves obtained by low-precision photometry. For
extrasolar planets similar to Earth we expect daily flux variations up to
hundreds of percent, depending sensitively on ice and cloud cover. Qualitative
changes in surface or climate generate significant changes in the predicted
light curves. This work suggests that the meteorological variability and the
rotation period of an Earth-like planet could be derived from photometric
observations. Other properties such as the composition of the surface (e.g.,
ocean versus land fraction), climate indicators (for example ice and cloud
cover), and perhaps even signatures of Earth-like plant life could be
constrained or possibly, with further study, even uniquely determined.Comment: Published in Nature. 9 pages including 3 figure
An Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model and its Applications to Fusion Reaction near Barrier
An improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics model is proposed. By using this
model, the properties of ground state of nuclei from Li to Pb can
be described very well with one set of parameters. The fusion reactions for
Ca+Zr, Ca+Zr and Ca+Zr at energy near
barrier are studied by this model. The experimental data of the fusion cross
sections for Ca+Zr at the energy near barrier can be
reproduced remarkably well without introducing any new parameters. The
mechanism for the enhancement of fusion probability for fusion reactions with
neutron-rich projectile or target is analyzed.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 3 table
Dynamic study on fusion reactions for Ca+Zr around Coulomb barrier
By using the updated improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics model in which a
surface-symmetry potential term has been introduced for the first time, the
excitation functions for fusion reactions of Ca+Zr at
energies around the Coulomb barrier have been studied. The experimental data of
the fusion cross sections for Ca+Zr have been reproduced
remarkably well without introducing any new parameters. The fusion cross
sections for the neutron-rich fusion reactions of Ca+Zr around
the Coulomb barrier are predicted to be enhanced compared with a
non-neutron-rich fusion reaction. In order to clarify the mechanism of the
enhancement of the fusion cross sections for neutron-rich nuclear fusions, we
pay a great attention to study the dynamic lowering of the Coulomb barrier
during a neck formation. The isospin effect on the barrier lowering is
investigated. It is interesting that the effect of the projectile and target
nuclear structure on fusion dynamics can be revealed to a certain extent in our
approach. The time evolution of the N/Z ratio at the neck region has been
firstly illustrated. A large enhancement of the N/Z ratio at neck region for
neutron-rich nuclear fusion reactions is found.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures,3 table
Chaotic scattering on surfaces and collisional damping of collective modes
The damping of hot giant dipole resonances is investigated. The contribution
of surface scattering is compared with the contribution from interparticle
collisions. A unified response function is presented which includes surface
damping as well as collisional damping. The surface damping enters the response
via the Lyapunov exponent and the collisional damping via the relaxation time.
The former is calculated for different shape deformations of quadrupole and
octupole type. The surface as well as the collisional contribution each
reproduce almost the experimental value, therefore we propose a proper
weighting between both contributions related to their relative occurrence due
to collision frequencies between particles and of particles with the surface.
We find that for low and high temperatures the collisional contribution
dominates whereas the surface damping is dominant around the temperatures
of the centroid energy.Comment: PRC su
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ C-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
The development of the C-light project resulted in the application of new formalisms and implementation techniques which facilitate the verification process. The mixed axiomatic semantics proposes a choice between simplified and full-strength deduction rules depending on program objects and their properties. The LLVM infrastructure helps greatly in writing the C-light program analyzer and translator. The semantical labeling technique, proposed earlier, can now be safely kept in verification conditions during their proof. Two programs from the well-known verification benchmarks illustrate the applicability of the system.Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° C-light ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ. Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π£Π) Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° LLVM Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° C-light ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ- Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
- β¦