Network Structures Algorithms of Group Method of Data Handling

The article presents the comparative characteristic of network structures of GMDH algorithms, in accordance with the proposed classification of algorithms. The main diversity of algorithms is described. Structures of algorithms search of models allow visualize the similarities and differences between the basic GMDH algorithms show their connection with neural networks and algorithms of deep learning. Fragments' structure of algorithms (or functions of partial descriptions) gives you the ability to visualize their common and distinctive features and assess the computational complexity of algorithms.У статті представлена порівняльна характеристика мережевих структур алгоритмів МГУА, відповідно до запропонованої класифікації алгоритмів. Наведено основні різновиди алгоритмів. Структури алгоритмів пошуку моделей дозволяють візуалізувати подібності та відмінності між основними алгоритмами МГУА, показати їх зв'язок з нейронних мереж і алгоритмів глибокого навчання. Структура фрагментів алгоритмів (функцій частинних описів) дає можливість наочно представити їх спільні та відмінні риси і оцінити обчислювальну складність алгоритмів.В статье представлена сравнительная характеристика сетевых структур алгоритмов МГУА, в соответствии с предложенной классификацией алгоритмов. Приведены основные разновидности алгоритмов. Структуры алгоритмов поиска моделей позволяют визуализировать сходства и различия между основными алгоритмами МГУА, показать их связь с нейронными сетями и алгоритмами глубокого обучения. Структура фрагментов алгоритмов (функций частных описаний) дает возможность наглядно представить их общие и отличительные особенности и оценить вычислительную сложность алгоритмов

Line-of-sight velocities in a flaring active region

Some spectra of a flaring active region were derived with the solar horizontal telescope ATsU-26 at the Terskol Observatory. Some properties of the photospheric velocity field of a bright plage are studied. The measurements of the line-of-sight velocity are made in the Fraunhofer lines Fe I λλ 630.25 nm, 630.35 nm and Ti I λ 630.38 nm. Temporal variations of the line-of-sight velocities at photospheric levels of 203, 240, and 515 km of the plage were obtained. Motions directed to an observer dominate on a considerable part of the plage. At the edge of the plage there is a flow from the observer at a photospheric level of 203 km

Naive Bayesian Classifiers for Purposes of Medical Differential Diagnostics

A distinctive feature of this work is grouping naive Bayesian classifiers in the scheme of "one against all" and using the extended features space. Metric and categorial variables are present in the original sample. The scheme of "one vs. all" with the use of other methods of classification gives an improvement in the accuracy of the differential diagnosis on exam sample compared to a single Bayesian classifier, but not in the case of the Naive Bayesian classifiers. The obtained results allow us to compare methods accuracies with such as GMDH and canonical discriminant analysis in solution of classification problem.Відмінною особливістю даної роботи є ансамблювання наївних Байєсівських класифікаторів в схемі «один проти всіх» і використанні розширеного простору ознак. У первинній вибірці присутні метричні і категорійні змінні. Схема «один проти всіх» із застосуванням інших методів класифікації дає поліпшення на екзамені точності диференціальної діагностики порівняно з єдиним класифікатором, але не у випадку наївних Байєсівських класифікаторів. Отримані результати точності дозволяють порівняти їх з результатами інших методів розв'язання задачі класифікації: таких як МГУА і канонічний дискримінантний аналіз.Отличительной особенностью данной работы является ансамблирование наивных Байесовских классификаторов в схеме «один против всех» и использовании расширенного пространства признаков. В исходной выборке присутствуют метрические и категориальные переменные. Схема «один против всех» с применением других методов классификации дает улучшение на экзамене точности дифференциальной диагностики по сравнению с единым классификатором, но не в случае наивных Байесовских классификаторов. Полученные результаты точности позволяют сравнить их с результатами других методов решения задачи классификации: таких как МГУА и канонический дискриминантный анализ

Self-Presentation in Campaign Discourse: Corpus-Assisted Study (A Case of B. Sanders’s and H. Clinton’s Campaign Speeches)

The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the implementation of self-presentation strategy in the American campaign discourse. The material included the election speeches of Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton, which politicians made during the election campaign from April 2015 to July 2016. The article focuses on the corpus analysis of election speeches. The results of comparative analysis of lexical features of candidates’ pre-election speeches are presented. In addition, the paper proposes a classification of communicative tactics, with the help of which the strategy of self-presentation is implemented (the tactics of self-praise, appeals to former merits, reducing the distance from voters and the tactics of political promises). The analysis allows the authors to make a conclusion about the more aggressive self-presentation of H. Clinton and the important role of personal self-presentation in her speeches. It is shown that B. Sanders focuses on identifying himself with his voters. The analysis of the collocations with components I and we confirms these conclusions. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for the analysis of the material from the point of view of pragmatics, the authors use both methods of pragmalinguistic analysis and corpus methods, which makes it possible to present a comprehensive description of the material under study

Formação de competência social do futuro especialista

Modern society is in dire need of socially competent professionals who can quickly adapt to the changing life situations, are ready to solve new problems, interested in improving the efficiency of professional activities, planning the future and ready to take responsibility for the decisions. The problem of development of social competency of the individual is interdisciplinary and in contrast to the problem of development of competency in general and professional competency in particular. In the scientific literature the approaches by which it is possible to give the essential characteristic of this phenomenon and to construct a model are designated: a) set of social knowledge, abilities, awareness of the person of social processes; b) social interaction, the ability and willingness of a person to it, the ability to build their relationships with other people and social organizations in real life; c) the integral quality of the individual, formed in the process of training and education; d) the purpose and result of the implementation of special development and educational programs of educational organizations. Comparative analysis allowed us to determine the components of social competency: personal component, social component, cognitive component, value-semantic component. In the social competency formation of students active teaching methods are the most popular. We consider the method of training “Educational firm” approved in the process of research at different educational levels as a systematized set of simulation methods. Effective socialization of a person should be considered in the context of competence-based approach, including the essential characteristics of competency, professionalism, qualification, personality.La sociedad moderna está en extrema necesidad de profesionales socialmente competentes que puedan adaptarse rápidamente a las situaciones cambiantes de la vida, estén listos para resolver nuevos problemas, interesados en mejorar la eficiencia de las actividades profesionales, planificar el futuro y listos para asumir la responsabilidad de las decisiones. El problema del desarrollo de la competencia social del individuo es interdisciplinario y en contraste con el problema del desarrollo de la competencia en general y la competencia profesional en particular. En la literatura científica se designan los enfoques mediante los cuales es posible dar la característica esencial de este fenómeno y construir un modelo: a) conjunto de conocimientos sociales, habilidades, conciencia de la persona de los procesos sociales; b) la interacción social, la capacidad y la disposición de una persona para ello, la capacidad de construir sus relaciones con otras personas y organizaciones sociales en la vida real; c) la calidad integral del individuo, formada en el proceso de formación y educación; d) El propósito y el resultado de la implementación de programas especiales de desarrollo y educación de organizaciones educativas. El análisis comparativo nos permitió determinar los componentes de la competencia social: componente personal, componente social, componente cognitivo, componente semántico de valor. En la formación de competencias sociales de los estudiantes, los métodos de enseñanza activos son los más populares. Consideramos el método de capacitación “firma educativa” aprobado en el proceso de investigación en diferentes niveles educativos como un conjunto sistematizado de métodos de simulación. La socialización efectiva de una persona debe considerarse en el contexto del enfoque basado en la competencia, incluidas las características esenciales de la competencia, el profesionalismo, la calificación, la personalidad.A sociedade moderna está em extrema necessidade de profissionais socialmente competentes que possam se adaptar rapidamente às situações de mudança da vida, prontos para resolver novos problemas, interessados em melhorar a eficiência das atividades profissionais, planejando o futuro e prontos para assumir a responsabilidade pelas decisões. O problema do desenvolvimento da competência social do indivíduo é interdisciplinar e em contraste com o problema do desenvolvimento da competência em geral e da competência profissional em particular. Na literatura científica as abordagens pelas quais é possível dar a característica essencial deste fenômeno e construir um modelo são designadas: a) conjunto de conhecimentos sociais, habilidades, consciência da pessoa de processos sociais; b) interação social, a capacidade e a disposição de uma pessoa para com ela, a capacidade de construir relacionamentos com outras pessoas e organizações sociais na vida real; c) a qualidade integral do indivíduo, formada no processo de formação e educação; d) o propósito e resultado da implementação de programas especiais de desenvolvimento e educação de organizações educacionais. A análise comparativa permitiu determinar os componentes da competência social: componente pessoal, componente social, componente cognitivo, componente valor-semântico. Na formação de competências sociais dos alunos, os métodos de ensino ativos são os mais populares. Consideramos o método de treinamento “Empresa Educacional” aprovado no processo de pesquisa em diferentes níveis educacionais como um conjunto sistematizado de métodos de simulação. A socialização efetiva de uma pessoa deve ser considerada no contexto da abordagem baseada em competência, incluindo as características essenciais de competência, profissionalismo, qualificação, personalidade

Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa: evidence of multiple horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation

BACKGROUND: The glyoxylate cycle is thought to be present in bacteria, protists, plants, fungi, and nematodes, but not in other Metazoa. However, activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes, malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), in animal tissues has been reported. In order to clarify the status of the MS and ICL genes in animals and get an insight into their evolution, we undertook a comparative-genomic study. RESULTS: Using sequence similarity searches, we identified MS genes in arthropods, echinoderms, and vertebrates, including platypus and opossum, but not in the numerous sequenced genomes of placental mammals. The regions of the placental mammals' genomes expected to code for malate synthase, as determined by comparison of the gene orders in vertebrate genomes, show clear similarity to the opossum MS sequence but contain stop codons, indicating that the MS gene became a pseudogene in placental mammals. By contrast, the ICL gene is undetectable in animals other than the nematodes that possess a bifunctional, fused ICL-MS gene. Examination of phylogenetic trees of MS and ICL suggests multiple horizontal gene transfer events that probably went in both directions between several bacterial and eukaryotic lineages. The strongest evidence was obtained for the acquisition of the bifunctional ICL-MS gene from an as yet unknown bacterial source with the corresponding operonic organization by the common ancestor of the nematodes. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the MS and ICL genes in animals suggests that either they encode alternative enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle that are not orthologous to the known MS and ICL or the animal MS acquired a new function that remains to be characterized. Regardless of the ultimate solution to this conundrum, the genes for the glyoxylate cycle enzymes present a remarkable variety of evolutionary events including unusual horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to animals. REVIEWERS: Arcady Mushegian (Stowers Institute for Medical Research), Andrey Osterman (Burnham Institute for Medical Research), Chris Ponting (Oxford University)

Ag/ZnO NANOCOMPOSITES AS REAGENTS FOR WATER TREATMENT

The study was funded by the program of the Perm Research and Education Center "Rational subsoil use". Analytical, spectroscopic, and biological studies were carried out using the equipment of the Core Facilities Center "Research of materials and matter" at the PFRC UB RAS