3,276 research outputs found
Real-Time Simulation of Large Open Quantum Spin Systems driven by Measurements
We consider a large quantum system with spins whose dynamics is
driven entirely by measurements of the total spin of spin pairs. This gives
rise to a dissipative coupling to the environment. When one averages over the
measurement results, the corresponding real-time path integral does not suffer
from a sign problem. Using an efficient cluster algorithm, we study the
real-time evolution of a 2-d Heisenberg antiferromagnet, which is driven to a
disordered phase, either by sporadic measurements or by continuous monitoring
described by Lindblad evolution.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure
Single scalar top production with polarized beams in ep collisions at HERA
From the point of view of the R-parity breaking supersymmetric model, we
propose a scalar top (stop) search with longitudinally polarized electron (e-)
and positron(e+) beams which will soon be available at the upgraded HERA. Fully
polarized e- or e+ beams could produce the stop two times as much as
unpolarized beams, while they increase background events due to the process of
the standard model by about 30% in comparison with unpolarized ones. We show
that right-handed e+ beams at HERA is efficient to produce the stop in the
model. With 1 fb**(-1) of integrated luminosity we estimate reach in the
coupling constant lambda'(131) for masses of the stop in the range 160-400 GeV.
We can set a 95% confidence-level exclusion limit for lambda'(131) > 0.01-0.05
in the stop mass range of 240-280 GeV if no singal of the stop is observed. We
also point out that y(=Q**2/sx) distributions of e+ coming from the stop shows
the different behavior from those of the standard model.Comment: 12 pages, 6 eps figure
Possible Excess in Charged Current Events with High-Q^2 at HERA from Stop and Sbottom Production
We investigate a production process e^+p \to \st X \to \sb W^+ X at HERA,
where we consider a decay mode \sb \to \bar{\nu}_e d of the sbottom in the
framework of an R-parity breaking supersymmetric standard model. Both processes
of the stop production e^+ d \to \st and the sbottom decay \sb \to
\bar{\nu}_e d are originated from an R-parity breaking superpotential
. One of signatures of the
process should be a large missing transverse momentum plus multijet events
corresponding to hadronic decays of the . It is shown that the signal could
appear as an event excess in the charged current (CC) processes with the high at HERA. We compare expected event distributions with
the CC data recently reported by the H1 and ZEUS groups at HERA. Methods for
extracting the signal from the standard CC processes are also discussed.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, 3 figure
Neonatal Euthanasia and the Groningen Protocol
Neonatal euthanasia has been legal in the Netherlands since 2005. Data indicate that neonatal euthanasia is practiced sub rosa by some clinicians in other countries as well; however, the true extent of neonatal euthanasia practice remains unknown. In this chapter, we review end-of-life options to describe the ethical background in the adult setting and how these translate into the neonatal setting. Further, the ethical arguments in favor and opposed to allowing euthanasia of infants, and those in favor and opposed to the use of paralytics in neonatal euthanasia, are presented
GRACE/SUSY Automatic Generation of Tree Amplitudes in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
GRACE/SUSY is a program package for generating the tree-level amplitude and
evaluating the corresponding cross section of processes of the minimal
supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). The Higgs potential
adopted in the system, however, is assumed to have a more general form
indicated by the two-Higgs-doublet model. This system is an extension of GRACE
for the standard model(SM) of the electroweak and strong interactions. For a
given MSSM process the Feynman graphs and amplitudes at tree-level are
automatically created. The Monte-Carlo phase space integration by means of
BASES gives the total and differential cross sections. When combined with
SPRING, an event generator, the program package provides us with the simulation
of the SUSY particle productions.Comment: 39 page, 1 figur
Discrimination of SUSY breaking models using single-photon processes at future e+e- linear colliders
We examine the single-photon processes in the frame work of supersymmetric
models at future e+e- linear colliders. According to the recent experimental
achievement, the optimistic polarization degrees for both electron and positron
beams are taken into account to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio revealing the
observable difference between supersymmetry breaking models. The minimal
supergravity model and the minimal SU(5) grand unified model in gaugino
mediation have been examined as examples. We see that after several years of
accummulating data, the difference of the number of single-photon events
between the two models received from the collider would be in excess of three
times the statistical error, providing us the possibility to probe which model
would be realized in nature. The result is well suitable for the future running
of the International Linear Collider.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in Mod. Phys. Lett.
Nasal Lipopolysaccharide Challenge and Cytokine Measurement Reflects Innate Mucosal Immune Responsiveness
<div><p>Background</p><p><b>P</b>ractical methods of monitoring innate immune mucosal responsiveness are lacking. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria and a potent activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. To measure LPS responsiveness of the nasal mucosa, we administered LPS as a nasal spray and quantified chemokine and cytokine levels in mucosal lining fluid (MLF).</p><p>Methods</p><p>We performed a 5-way cross-over, single blind, placebo-controlled study in 15 healthy non-atopic subjects (n = 14 <i>per protocol</i>). Doses of ultrapure LPS (1, 10, 30 or 100μg/100μl) or placebo were administered by a single nasal spray to each nostril. Using the recently developed method of nasosorption with synthetic adsorptive matrices (SAM), a series of samples were taken. A panel of seven cytokines/chemokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay in MLF. mRNA for intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was quantified from nasal epithelial curettage samples taken before and after challenge.</p><p>Results</p><p>Topical nasal LPS was well tolerated, causing no symptoms and no visible changes to the nasal mucosa. LPS induced dose-related increases in MLF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL3 (MIP-1α) (AUC at 0.5 to 10h, compared to placebo, p<0.05 at 30 and 100μg LPS). At 100μg LPS, IL-10, IFN-α and TNF-α were also increased (p<0.05). Dose-related changes in mucosal ICAM-1 mRNA were also seen after challenge, and neutrophils appeared to peak in MLF at 8h. However, 2 subjects with high baseline cytokine levels showed prominent cytokine and chemokine responses to relatively low LPS doses (10μg and 30μg LPS).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Topical nasal LPS causes dose-dependent increases in cytokines, chemokines, mRNA and cells. However, responsiveness can show unpredictable variations, possibly because baseline innate tone is affected by environmental factors. We believe that this new technique will have wide application in the study of the innate immune responses of the respiratory mucosa.</p><p>Key Messages</p><p>Ultrapure LPS was used as innate immune stimulus in a human nasal challenge model, with serial sampling of nasal mucosal lining fluid (MLF) by nasosorption using a synthetic absorptive matrix (SAM), and nasal curettage of mucosal cells. A dose response could be demonstrated in terms of levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL3 in MLF, as well as ICAM-1 mRNA in nasal curettage specimens, and levels of neutrophils in nasal lavage. Depending on higher baseline levels of inflammation, there were occasional magnified innate inflammatory responses to LPS.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>Clinical Trials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02284074?term=nasal+lipopolysaccharide&rank=1" target="_blank">NCT02284074</a></p></div
Expanding the Scope of Expectations Data Collection: The U.S. and Japanese Stock Markets
A pilot effort was undertaken to experiment with a method of collecting parallel time series data for expectations and popular models and theories of institutional stock market participants in the United States and Japan 1989-91, covering the period before and after the dramatic and sudden halving of Japanese stock prices. Substantial variability within countries through time in the responses and dramatic differences across countries in expectations (even expectations for the same country) were found. There are significant research opportunities in expanded data collection along these lines
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