Effets de L’extrait Aqueux des Racines d’Hymenocardia acida (Euphorbiaceae) sur la Qualité du Sperme de Rats

Les racines d’Hymenocardia acida sont utilisées dans la médecine traditionnelle africaine pour traiter principalement la dysfonction érectile. La présente étude vise à évaluer les effets de l’extrait aqueux des racines d’ Hymencardia acida sur la qualité du sperme de rats. Les différents composés chimiques de l’extrait aqueux des racines d’Hymenocardia acida ont été identifiés par des réactions en tube décrites dans la pharmacopée africaine. Deux groupes de quinze rats traités pendant 30 et 60 jours ont été repartis chacun en lot témoin, lot traité à 500 mg/kg et lot traité à 1000 mg/kg de poids corporel. La densité, la motilité et la morphologie des spermatozoïdes ont été évaluées selon des méthodes standards. Le taux de testostérone et le tissu testiculaire ont été étudiés. Le tri phytochimique a révélé la présence de polyphénols, de flavonoïdes, de tanins catéchiques, de saponosides, d’alcaloïdes et de stérols et polyterpènes. L’extrait a favorisé une augmentation significative (P < 0.05) du nombre de spermatozoïdes, des taux de spermatozoïdes mobiles et normaux dans l’épididyme caudal. Il a entrainé également une augmentation significative (P < 0.05) du taux de la testostérone sérique et a favorisé l’accroissement des spermatozoïdes dans les tubes séminifères. Les racines d’Hymenocardia acida améliorent la qualité du sperme des rats. Cela pourrait être dû en grande partie à l’augmentation du taux sérique de la testostérone.   Hymenocardia acida roots are used in traditional African medicine to treat mainly erectile dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Hymencardia acida roots on the quality of rat sperm. The different chemical compounds of the aqueous extract of the roots of Hymenocardia acida were identified by tube reactions described in the African pharmacopoeia. Two groups of fifteen rats treated for 30 and 60 days were divided into control, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Sperm density, motility and morphology were assessed by standard methods. Testosterone levels and testicular tissue were studied. Phytochemical sorting revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponosides, alkaloids and sterols and polyterpenes. The extract promoted a significant (P < 0.05) increase in sperm count, motile and normal sperm rates in the caudal epididymis. It also caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum testosterone levels and promoted the increase of spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules. Hymenocardia acida roots improve sperm quality in rats. This could be due in large part to the increase in serum testosterone levels

Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d'Ivoire

The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is an effective malaria control strategy. However, there are challenges to achieve high coverage, such as distribution sustainability, and coverage keep-up. This study assessed the effect of LLINs coverage and contextual factors on entomological indicators of malaria in rural Côte d'Ivoire.; The study was carried out between July 2009 and May 2012 in three villages (Bozi, N'Dakonankro and Yoho) of central Côte d'Ivoire. In Bozi and Yoho, LLINs were distributed free of charge by the national malaria control programme in 2008. In Bozi, an additional distribution was carried out in May 2011. No specific interventions were done in N'Dakonankro. Entomological surveys were conducted in July 2009 and July 2010 (baseline), and in August and November 2011 and in February 2012. Frequency of circumsporozoite protein was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Regression models were employed to assess the impact of LLINs and changing patterns of irrigated rice farming on entomological parameters, and to determine associations with LLINs coverage and other contextual factors.; In Bozi, high proportion of LLIN usage was observed (95-100%). After six months, 95% of LLINs were washed at least once and 79% were washed up to three times within one year. Anopheles gambiae was the predominant malaria vector (66.6% of all mosquitoes caught). From 2009 to 2012, in N'Dakonankro, the mean annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) increased significantly from 116.8 infectious bites/human/year (ib/h/y) to 408.8 ib/h/y, while in the intervention villages, the EIR decreased significantly from 514.6 ib/h/y to 62.0 ib/h/y (Bozi) and from 83.9 ib/h/y to 25.5 ib/h/y (Yoho). The risk of an infectious bite over the three-year period was significantly lower in the intervention villages compared to the control village (p >0.001).; High coverage and sensitization of households to use LLINs through regular visits (particularly in Bozi) and abandoning irrigated rice farming (in Yoho) resulted in highly significant reductions of EIR. The national malaria control programme should consider household sensitization and education campaigns and other contextual factors to maximize the benefit of LLINs