The effect of feeding culture media with biogenetic precursors on high production of depsides in agitated shoot cultures of black and red aronias

Agitated shoot cultures of two aronias, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott and Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers., were maintained on Murashige & Skoog medium (1 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA), both with and without the addition of various biosynthetic precursors of phenolic acids and depsides (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and caffeic acid). Each substance was added in 5 concentrations (0.1-10 mmol/l), each concentration at two time points (at the beginning and on the 10th day of cultures). Twenty-four phenolic acids were determined in methanolic extracts of the biomasses collected after 20 days of growth cycles by means of HPLC method with DAD detection. The presence of seven compounds was confirmed in all the extracts-five depsides (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, isochlorogenic and rosmarinic acids), and syringic and caffeic acids. The main metabolites in A. melanocarpa shoot extracts were isochlorogenic, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids (max. 249.88, 450.35, 192.16 mg/100 g DW). The main metabolites in A. arbutifolia shoot extracts were: chlorogenic, isochlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids (max. 361.60, 224.5, 526.2 mg/100 g DW). The largest total amounts of the compounds were confirmed in the cultures of both aronias after the addition of cinnamic acid (989.79 and 661.77 mg/100 g DW, respectively) and caffeic acid (854.99 and 1098.46 mg/100 g DW, respectively) at concentrations of 5 mmol/l on 10th day of growth cycles. These maximum amounts were 3.41, 3.42, 2.95 and 5.67 times higher, respectively, than in the control cultures. This is the first report documenting the high production of depsides in shoot cultures of black and red aronias after feeding with their biosynthetic precursors

Dissolution profiles of perindopril and indapamide in their fixed-dose formulations by a new HPLC method and different mathematical approaches

A new HPLC method was introduced and validated for simultaneous determination of perindopril and indapamide. Validation procedure included specificity, sensitivity, robustness, stability, linearity, precision and accuracy. The method was used for the dissolution test of perindopril and indapamide in three fixed-dose formulations. The dissolution procedure was optimized using different media, different pH of the buffer, surfactants, paddle speed and temperature. Similarity of dissolution profiles was estimated using different model-independent and model-dependent methods and, additionally, by principal component analysis (PCA). Also, some kinetic models were checkedwith dissolved amounts of drugs as a function of time

The influence of nasturtium officinale R. Br. Agar and agitated microshoot culture media on glucosinolate and henolic acid production, and antioxidant activity

This paper presents an optimization of conditions for microshoot cultures of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress). Variants of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators (PGRs): cytokinins—BA (6-benzyladenine), 2iP (6-γ,γ-dimethylallylaminopurine), KIN (kinetin), Zea (zeatin), and auxins—IAA (3-indoleacetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), IPA (indole-3-pyruvic acid), NAA (naphthalene-1-acetic acid), total 27 MS variants, were tested in agar and agitated cultures. Growth cycles were tested for 10, 20, or 30 days in the agar cultures, and 10 or 20 days in the agitated cultures. Glucosinolate and phenolic acid production, total phenolic content and antioxidant potential were evaluated. The total amounts of glucosinolates ranged from 100.23 to 194.77 mg/100 g dry weight of biomass (DW) in agar cultures, and from 78.09 to 182.80 mg/100 g DW in agitated cultures. The total phenolic acid content varied from 15.89 to 237.52 mg/100 g DW for the agar cultures, and from 70.80 to 236.74 mg/100 g DW for the agitated cultures. Extracts of the cultured biomass contained higher total amounts of phenolic acids, lower total amounts of glucosinolates, a higher total phenolic content and similar antioxidant potentials compared to plant material. The analyses performed confirmed for the first time the explicit influence on secondary metabolite production and on the antioxidant potential. The significance was statistically estimated in a complex manner

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

Being Uncertain in Chromatographic Calibration—Some Unobvious Details in Experimental Design

This is an introductory tutorial and review about the uncertainty problem in chromatographic calibration. It emphasizes some unobvious, but important details influencing errors in the calibration curve estimation, uncertainty in prediction, as well as the connections and dependences between them, all from various perspectives of uncertainty measurement. Nonuniform D-optimal designs coming from Fedorov theorem are computed and presented. As an example, all possible designs of 24 calibration samples (3–8, 4–6, 6–4, 8–3 and 12–2, both uniform and D-optimal) are compared in context of many optimality criteria. It can be concluded that there are only two independent (orthogonal, but slightly complex) trends in optimality of these designs. The conclusions are important, as the uniform designs with many concentrations are not the best choices, contrary to some intuitive perception. Nonuniform designs are visibly better alternative in most calibration cases

Novel computational approaches to retention modeling in dual hydrophilic interactions/reversed phase chromatography

The mixed-mode chromatographic behavior was estimated for imidazoline and serotonin receptor ligands, and their related compounds on dual hydrophilic/reversed phase stationary phase. The Box-Cox transfor- mation was used to obtain the most suitable mathematical equations which describe the mixed-mode retention. Optimal equations were found for the optimization parameter ( λ): λ= -1, λ= -0.5, λ= 0, λ= 0.5, and λ= 1. The proposed equations show satisfactory characteristics compared to standard mul- timodal and quadratic approaches. For a wide range of volume fractions of the mobile phase modifier, crossing between hydrophilic and reversed phase interactions (the turning point) was defined in terms of the minimal retention and the minimum value of the volume fraction of the aqueous eluent in the mobile phase. The cubic spline inter- polation was used as a reference method for estimation of the turning point. It was found out that the newly proposed equations can be used as alternative mathematical forms for the description of the dual retention mechanism and for the evaluation of the turning point. Three new experimental descriptors of the mixed-mode retention were proposed. Two descriptors quan- titatively characterize hydrophilic (log k H ) and reversed phase (log k R ) interactions, while the third one (log k A ) refers to the average retention for the whole HILIC/RP range. It was established that the main fac- tors which control dual nature of the mixed-mode retention are lipophilicity, dipol-dipol, van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions. It was concluded that the newly proposed estimations of the retention data reliably characterize the mixed-mode chromatographic behavior

Correction: Koch, W., et al. Black Tea Samples Origin Discrimination Using Analytical Investigations of Secondary Metabolites, Antiradical Scavenging Activity and Chemometric Approach. Molecules 2018, 23, 513

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...