Professor Oktawiusz Jurewicz as a Byzantinist (1926–2016)

The authors summarize the academic legacy of late Oktawiusz Jurewicz and his role as a leading Polish byzantinist of the second half of the 20th century. The text is supplemented by the detailed and updated bibliography of Jurewicz

Generation Z, Employee Enagement And Leadership Communication Behaviors

As Generation Z enters the workforce, new and perplexing questions for leaders emerge. Members of Generation Z, the generational cohort following the Millennials, were born in 1995 and later and come with unique characteristics, including an ability to use technology and consume online data in accelerated ways. Much has been written about the Millennials but little can be found in the current literature about Generation Z and workplace behaviors. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine if there is a correlation between Generation Z’s levels of employee engagement (trust, control mutuality, commitment and job satisfaction) and leadership’s willingness to communicate transparently. Seventy-eight alumni from the 2017 and 2018 graduating classes of a small, Midwestern four-year university participated in the study. A standard multiple regression analysis was utilized to test the hypotheses and to evaluate if a relationship existed between the independent variables (trust, control mutuality, commitment and job satisfaction) and the dependent variable, transparent leadership communication. The findings indicated that Generation Z’s trust, feelings of control mutuality, commitment to the organization, and job satisfaction are strongly correlated with transparent leadership communication. The cultivation of an employee-centered, transparent leadership communication system that disseminates detailed, substantial, fair and accurate information is pertinent as a new generation takes hold in the workplace. Inviting Generation Z into face-to-face participation and applying best practices in transparent leadership communication can yield dividends as leaders seek to motivate and win the hearts and minds of Generation Z

The Myth of Embodied Metaphor

According to a traditionally infl uential idea metaphors have mostly ornamental value. Current research, on the other hand, stresses the cognitive purposes metaphors serve. According to the Conceptual Theory of Metaphor (CTM, for short), e.g., expressions are commonly used metaphorically in order to conceptualize abstract and mental phenomena. More specifically, proponents of CTM claim that abstract terms are understood by means of metaphors and that metaphor comprehension, in turn, is embodied. In this paper, I will argue that CTM fails on both counts

Factors affecting men’s and women’s earnings in Poland

The situation of women in the labour market is subject to European Union policy. This is due to prevention of discrimination and promotion of sustainable growth and development. There is a large body of literature describing national and regional labour markets; however, research on the situation in post-communist countries is not provided so often. The goal and contribution to the existing literature is to fill the gap concerning investigation for the Polish labour market. The aim of the research is to identify determinants influencing wages in Poland and to find out if wages obtained by men and women depend on the same factors. Analysis is provided applying statistical analysis and ordered logit models based on the individual data from the Polish Labour Force Survey. The main determinants of wages in Poland are: gender, age or job seniority, level of education, size of firm and occupation. However, the influence of these factors in the following periods and samples (containing all, female and male employees) may be different. Women earn less than men in all education classes and in all NACE branches (NACE - Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) branches and this disparity has increased over time. The most important factor of gender income inequality is female segregation into low-wage jobs

Pension Funds in Poland: Efficiency Analysis for Years 1999–2013

The reform of the pension system in Poland took place in 1999, when the one-pillar Pay-As-You-Go system (PAYG) was replaced by the three-pillars system consisting of two mandatory (PAYG and fully funded) pillars and voluntary (funded) one. However problems concerning budget deficit in Poland caused that the Polish government introduced significant changes in distribution of the pension contribution between both mandatory pillars and in the pension funds’ portfolio composition in 2011 and 2013. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of the pension funds operating in Poland in the years 1999–2013. Applying Sharpe and Treynor ratios the study provides evidence that well diversified portfolio protects pensioners’ interest better than portfolios constructed due to the new rules

Performance of Pension Funds and Stable Growth Open Investment Funds During the Changes in the Polish Retirement System

The conditions of the pension funds (OFE) functioning were essentially changed in the years 2011–2014. The aim of the paper is to find out if these modifications influence the efficiency of the pension funds and to compare the performance of these funds to stable growth open investment funds (FIO). The analysis is provided for selected funds in the years 2009–2015. We conclude that in the examined period, OFE performed better than FIO, and the modifications of the rules for the pension funds caused the increase of risk and decrease of investment efficiency of these funds’ portfolios

How the Change of Governing Party Influences the Efficiency of Financial Market in Poland

Financial market seems to be sensitive to political changes, especially when the change of governing party is connected with essential changes of the economic development concepts. Such situation took place in Poland in 2015, as a result of the presidential and parliamentary elections. The aim of our research is to investigate the changes occurred on the market, represented by some stable growth open mutual funds, and stock indexes: WIG and TBSP. Analysis is provided applying single index and CAPM models, classical investment performance measures, and statistical interference