Developing Emotional Intelligence Characteristics in Leaders to Increase Leadership Effectiveness

The purpose of this research is to provide an insight as to how emotional intelligence is a far superior leadership characteristic over cognitive intelligence. The intent of this research delves into how teaching and continuing to develop emotional intelligence in leaders cultivates leadership effectiveness. Leadership effectiveness is crucial for subordinate satisfaction, employee retention, and team productivity. This research takes into consideration years of prior studies and research conducted regarding ways emotionally intelligent leaders directly correlate to leadership effectiveness and functional team behaviors. In conclusion, emotional intelligence is a soft skill that can be taught to leaders and subordinates alike to cultivate a positive, healthy, productive, and trusting work environment

Craniofacial disorders in the course of Tourette’s syndrome - a review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder in which the patient presents first symptoms, such as motor and voice tics, in childhood. If the disease significantly impairs proper functioning in society, symptomatic treatment is applied. Antipsychotics, dopaminergic receptor blockers, VMAT2 inhibitors, and non-pharmacological treatment are used, leading to a reduction in the incidence of tics by up to 50%. AIMS: The aim of the work is to present the symptoms of the disease, in particular concerning the craniofacial region and the possibility of implementing any treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All data comes from the analysis of the PubMed database. The paper presents cases in which the structures of the oral cavity, eyes and the brain have been damaged. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Treatment with TS must take place on many levels and includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, therefore, patient care should be interdisciplinary.involving specialists such as psychologists, nutritionists, neurologists, anesthesiologists and dentists. The task of such a team is to diagnose the Tourette syndrome, improve patients quality of life, even by limiting the effects of medications (weight gain) or specialist treatment of damage and discomfort caused by symptoms. Psychological therapy remains the primary one, which is why a qualified team of psychologists and psychotherapists is important. Dentists are an important part of the interdisciplinary team, due to the high frequency of tics covering the oral cavity and the associated consequences. Decisions on treatment should be established jointly, referring to a comprehensive look at individual needs and priorities in patient therapy. SUMMARY: It was found that there is a variety of types and intensity of tics in patients with Tourette's syndrome. The clinical team supervising such a patient should be an interdisciplinary team including dentists, neurologists, psychologists or orthopedics to provide patients with comprehensive and multidirectional treatment

Epidemiology of mandibular fractures - frequency and trauma pattern comparison in seventies of twentieth century with modern times (2002-2012)

Introduction: Mandibular fractures are a group of most common trauma with which maxillofacial surgeons have to deal in their clinical practice. Aim of the study: Analysis of mandibular fractures epidemiology in the group of patients treated in the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery at Poznan University of Medical Science between 2002 and 2012 and comparison of results with data from the period 1961-1974. Material and methods: Material consisted of medical documentation of patients treated in the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery in Poznan due to mandibular fractures between 2002 and 2012. 1990 patients experienced mandibular trauma but only 1701 cases were described precisely enough to take part in the analysis. The population of patients were divided by sex and age (16th year of life was the border of the divide). Using this data, the amount of single and multi-fragmental fractures, percentage distribution of fractures among anatomical structures of the mandible, frequency of fractures in age groups and seasons of the year were calculated. Then, results were compared with a publication about the epidemiology of mandibular fractures between 1961-1974. Results: The population of 1701 patients consisted of 1426 males, 235 females and 40 children up to 16 years old (25 boys and 15 girls). Male to female ratio was 6,13:1. Most fractures affected patients at an age between 20 and 30 years old, regardless of sex. On average, 199 hospitalization due to mandibular fractures a year had a place in a period of 2002-2012 (involving all cases). Most of the hospitalizations due to mandibular fractures occurred between April and September. From 2002 to 2012, 1864 anatomical structures were broken. Body (783), left angle (274), right condyle (241), left condyle (239) and right angle (195) were structures that were fractured most often. 895 (52,62%) cases were single fractures , 806 (47,38%) were multi-fragmental fractures. The greater the average amount of patients a year, the reduction of male to female ratio, single fractures to multi-fragmental fractures ratio is about 1:1, left angle in the group of most frequently fractured structures are the main differences between period 1961-1974 and 2002-2012. Conclusion: Analysis indicates that the epidemiology of mandibular fractures is a complex problem. Some elements are constant but other changes dynamically across time. In the opinion of abroad scientists, the development of technology, motorization, and changes in human behavior are the main reasons for such evolution

Evaluation of the position variation of mandibular foramen

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular foramen is located on the internal surface of the ramus of the mandible. Through this opening mandibular nerve and vessels enter the mandibular canal. As there are no palpable landmarks that allow determining the position of the mandibular foramen precisely, it is helpful to use radiological imaging methods for this purpose. Mainly X-ray techniques are used, especially panoramic radiograph for its accessibility and wide range of diagnostic applications. Knowledge of the position of the mandibular foramen is essential for the correct and effective performance of the inferior alveolar nerve block, which is one of the most common anaesthesia in dental practice. AIMS: The purpose of the study was to examine and find possible correlations between sex, age, posterior teeth loss and relative localization of the mandibular foramen. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Selected parameters were measured on 50 digital panoramic radiographic images of 50 patients, including 33 males and 17 females, hospitalized in the Maxillofacial Surgery Ward of the Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital in Poznan. RESULTS: Localization of the mandibular foramen does not correlate with age, nor the posterior teeth loss and sex has only a slight impact on its vertical location. CONCLUSIONS: Since none of the parameters proved to be particularly useful in predicting the location of the mandibular foramen. The operator should administer inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia in accordance with standard rules

Evaluating markers in selected genes for association with functional longevity of dairy cattle

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Longevity expressed as the number of days between birth and death is a trait of great importance for both human and animal populations. In our analysis we use dairy cattle to demonstrate how the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) located within selected genes with longevity can be modeled. Such an approach can be extended to any genotyped population with time to endpoint information available. Our study is focused on selected genes in order to answer the question whether genes, known to be involved into the physiological determination of milk production, also influence individual's survival.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Generally, the highest risk differences among animals with different genotypes are observed for polymorphisms located within the leptin gene. The polymorphism with a highest effect on functional longevity is LEP-R25C, for which the relative risk of culling for cows with genotype CC is 3.14 times higher than for the heterozygous animals. Apart from LEP-R25C, also FF homozygotes at the LEP-Y7F substitution attribute 3.64 times higher risk of culling than the YY homozygotes and VV homozygotes at LEP-A80V have 1.83 times higher risk of culling than AA homozygotes. Differences in risks between genotypes of polymorphisms within the other genes (the butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 gene, BTN1A1; the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene, DGAT1; the leptin receptor gene, LEPR; the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2, ABCG2) are much smaller.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicate association between LEP and longevity and are very well supported by results of other studies related to dairy cattle. In view of the growing importance of functional traits in dairy cattle, LEP polymorphisms should be considered as markers supporting selection decisions. Furthermore, since the relationship between both LEP polymorphism and its protein product with longevity in humans is well documented, with our result we were able to demonstrate that livestock with its detailed records of family structure, genetic, and environmental factors as well as extensive trait recording can be a good model organism for research aspects related to humans.</p

The IoT Threat Landscape vs. Machine Learning, a.k.a. Who Attacks IoT, Why Do They Do It, and How to Prevent It?

Internet-of-Things has been a widely used term, referring to the interconnected ecosystem, built of loosely connected devices, capable of accumulating, processing and transferring data through the heterogeneous network Recently, the IoT’s technical, economic and social importance has drastically increased. However, the IoT does not bring advantages only. According to recent studies, vast majority of IoT devices are prone to being attacked, hacked or intruded. If not secure enough, IoT may pose risk to the security of ordinary citizens, and whole industries alike. The paper aims at drawing the current threat landscape in relation to IoT, by examining the threat actors, their motivation and capabilities. Firstly, the specific security goals, context, elements and main challenges to IoT security are discussed. Then, the work collects the actors that pose the threat to IoT, as well as their motives for attacking IoT. The following part of the paper discusses the various attack taxonomies, and the state-of-the art of the IoT cybersecurity countermeasures and recommendations. Against this background, a novel intrusion detection tool is introduced, and its technical description is provided. When tested on data from a benchmark dataset, the method has already shown promise in performing its tasks

Machine learning methods as an aid in planning orthodontic treatment on the example of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography analysis: a literature review

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in many areas of computer vision, such as object tracking and recognition, security, military, and biomedical image analysis. In this work, we describe the current methods, the architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. Literature from 2000-2020 from the PubMed database, Google Scholar, was analyzed. Account has been taken of publications in English that describe architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. The results of the reviewed studies indicate that deep learning methods employed in orthodontics can be far superior in comparison to other high-performing algorithms

Botulinum toxin type A as an alternative way to treat trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review

Introduction. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most common neurological diseases involving the orofacial region. It affects mainly the older population, usually after the age of 60, and more commonlywomen. It involves the fifth cranial nerve and manifests as paroxysmal, unilateral, severe, shock-like or knife-like pain of from a second to two minutes’ duration. Usually pain attacks arise spontaneously, but they can also be precipitated by triggers such as cold weather, brushing teeth or shaving. The ICHD-3 classification divides TN into classical, secondary and idiopathic. Current treatment includes pharmacological and surgical methods. Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, are the first line therapy. Microvascular decompression is the most common and most effective way to treat TN surgically.However, none of these methods is free from complications. Moreover, 25–50% of patients became refractory to drug therapy. Some studies have shown that a new therapy that uses a Botulinum toxin type A can be a safe and effective way to treat trigeminal neuralgia.Methods. Literature from the PubMed base and the Main Medical Library from the last 18 years was analysed. Forty-three items were obtained; after verification, seven articles were included.Aim of the study. To look at current guidelines about treating trigeminal neuralgia with Botulinum Toxin type A in patients who are refractory to drug therapy or who do not want to undergo surgical treatment.Conclusion. BoNT-A therapy is a safe and effective method of treating trigeminal neuralgia

Subacute ruminal acidosis affects fermentation and endotoxin concentration in the rumen and relative expression of the CD14/TLR4/MD2 genes involved in lipopolysaccharide systemic immune response in dairy cows

The first objective of this study was to investigate the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on fermentation, ruminal free lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and expression of the cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) complex in white blood cells involved in the systemic immune response in dairy cows. The second objective was a study of whether increased expression of the LPS receptor complex led to increases in the concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and serum Ca. Three hundred five dairy cows located in 13 Polish high-yielding dairy commercial farms were selected according to their days in milk (40-150 d; average = 75), 305-d milk yield (10,070-12,041 kg; average = 10,940), and number of lactations (primiparous, n = 139 and multiparous, n = 166). Next, the herds were segregated into 3 groups based on the percentages of cows with an assigned value of ruminal fluid pH: SARA-positive, SARA-risk, and SARA-negative herds. Moreover, 305 selected dairy cows were divided according to the classification based on ruminal fluid pH into 3 groups as healthy (pH > 5.81), risk (pH 5.8-5.6) and acidotic cows (pH < 5.6). Rumen fluid samples were collected via rumenocentesis. In the AC group, we recorded higher concentrations of ruminal free LPS [4.57 Log(10) endotoxin units (EU)/mL; 42,206 EU/mL] compared with the healthy group (4.48 Log(10) EU/mL; 34,179 EU/mL). Similarly, the concentration of ruminal free LPS was higher in SARA-positive herds (4.60 Log(10) EU/mL; 43,000 EU/mL) compared with SARA-negative herds (4.47 Log(10) EU/mL; 32,225 EU/mL). The relative mRNA abundance of genes associated with the function of LPS receptors, such as CD14, TLR4, and MD2, in white blood cells differed between all experimental groups on both cow and herd levels. In the acidotic group, we recorded higher concentrations of HDL (78.16 vs. 68.32 mg/dL) and serum amyloid A (10.80 vs. 9.16 mu g/mL) and lower concentrations of Ca (8.26 vs. 10.16 mg/dL) and haptoglobin (470.19 vs. 516.85 ng/mL) compared with the healthy group. Similar results were obtained in the SARA herd status analysis, but the concentration of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein differed statistically. Moreover, the pH of ruminal fluid was negatively correlated with relative mRNA abundance of genes such as CD14, TLR4, MD2, and concentrations of serum HDL and serum amyloid A, although positively correlated with serum Ca. The results indicated that decreases in ruminal fluid pH increased the release of free LPS into the rumen and stimulated the expression of the LPS receptor complex and immune response. Moreover, an increase in the expression of the LPS receptor led to higher concentrations of plasma HDL and lower serum Ca, which may be a protective mechanism against endotoxemia. However, the biological significance of these results needs to be investigated further in larger field trials