An Investigation of the Translation Problems Incurred by English-to-Persian Machine Translations: “Padideh, Pars, and Google Softwares”

AbstractIn this paper, an effort is made to offer some approaches and solutions to remove the problems in the softwares of English to Persian translations through their comprehensive analysis. Machine translation is the automatic transfer of message from one language to another. Considering the irregularities and problems in translating texts from English to Persian caused by available softwares of machine translations, here, we are going to show that through the introduction of an appropriate framework we are able to remove the problems of the English translation weaknesses. The theoretical backgrounds and review literature are discussed in details. The linguistic aspects of machine translation, the available systems, the problems, translation approaches and evaluation of machine translation systems are also discussed. The machine translation softwares of Padideh, Pars and Google as well as bilingual dictionary of Hezareh are introduced. Data are collected and based on the obtained results we can conclude that through an analysis of lexical networks and analytic systems, we are able reduce the current problems and enhance the quality of machine translation

International Hospitals’ Performance Variables: A Comparative Study

Background: To define a series of variable that separates international hospitals from other ones is the main aim of this study.Materials and Methods: After choosing some countries in the worldwide, two hospitals, which were the leaders on international patients’ admissions, were selected for investigating their main indicators according to world health organization framework for demonstrating performance assessment to attract patients from the universe.Results: Under the first performance assessment dimension clinical effectiveness and safety, in chosen hospitals of Australia as Malaysia found (4), New Zealand (9), India (7) and Iran (1) indicator (s). The production efficiency and staff orientation dimensions concluded no difference in terms of quantity and type of indicators via countries. Next aspect as patient centeredness was consisted of 4 indicators in Australia, New Zealand (2), India (6) and Iran (5). Eventually, eight indicators asset from Australia, New Zealand (2), India (6) and Iran (6) for responsive governance.Conclusion: Although the variables of international hospital’s performance assessment were the same with others, these should be more highlighted for attracting worldwide patients and strongly recommends the international authority for quality assurance

Desarrollar el instrumento de evaluación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el sistema de salud mental (WHO-AIMS) en IRÁN

Introduction: The tool for assessing the Mental Health System of the World Health Organization has been used in different countries in different countries,by which examining the mental health system and identifying their problems along with finding out the instrumental problems are done simoltaneously. Purpose: this study was conducted in order to develop the means of evaluating the mental health system organization of the world health organization in iran. Method: This research is based on the implementation, analytical, and in terms of variables, combination (qualitative and quantitative), and purposeful, exploratory, and from the perspective of the result, an application that was carried out in six phases. Phase I: Review of texts that have been used to recognize the status of countries Different and Iran. Phase II: The status of mental health system in Khuzestan province was investigated and the problems of mental health system and instrumental problems were determined. Phase III: weaknesses and strengths of the mental health system evaluation tool were surveyed in Khuzestan province, Phase IV: To identify the key components of the WHO Mental Health Routing Program and the 2013-2015 operational plan for development of tools, in the fifth phase: The proposed components were embedded in each main field of the tool, and the content of the content validity and content validity index were evaluated by the experts. Result: Finally, 11 main components were identified and 95 questions were designed for them, which in the sixth phase these questions Mental Health Managers were given an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and identified their main factors and their impact on the development of the Mental Health Assessment System of the World Health Organization. Using PLS software from 11 components and 95 suggested questions, 6 factors influencing The development of tools has been identified whose impact coefficients include: Leadership and Governance (0.972), mental health and e-service use (0.929), Policy and Legislative Framework (0.697), status analysis (0.613), mental health services pattern for common disorders (0.413), mental health promotion services (0.259). Conclusion: The development of the Mental Health Assessment Tool of the World Health Organization in Iran will help identify the mental health gap and, with regard to the problems, will be the best pattern for providing mental health servicesIntroducción: La herramienta para evaluar el Sistema de Salud Mental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud se ha utilizado en diferentes países en diferentes países, mediante el cual el examen del sistema de salud mental y la identificación de sus problemas junto con el descubrimiento de los problemas instrumentales se realizan de forma simultánea. Propósito: este estudio se realizó con el fin de desarrollar los medios para evaluar la organización del sistema de salud mental de la organización mundial de la salud en Irán. Método: Esta investigación se basa en la implementación, analítica y en términos de variables, combinación (cualitativa y cuantitativa), y con una finalidad, exploratoria y, desde la perspectiva del resultado, una aplicación que se realizó en seis fases. Fase I: Revisión de textos que se han utilizado para reconocer el estado de países diferentes e Irán. Fase II: Se investigó el estado del sistema de salud mental en la provincia de Khuzestan y se determinaron los problemas del sistema de salud mental y los problemas instrumentales. Fase III: se examinaron las debilidades y fortalezas de la herramienta de evaluación del sistema de salud mental en la provincia de Khuzestan, Fase IV: para identificar los componentes clave del Programa de Enrutamiento de Salud Mental de la OMS y el plan operativo 2013-2015 para el desarrollo de herramientas, en la quinta fase : Los componentes propuestos se integraron en cada campo principal de la herramienta, y los expertos evaluaron el contenido de la validez de contenido y el índice de validez de contenido. Resultado: Finalmente, se identificaron 11 componentes principales y se diseñaron 95 preguntas para ellos, que en la sexta fase a estas Gerentes de Salud Mental se les realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio e identificaron sus factores principales y su impacto en el desarrollo de la Salud Mental Sistema de evaluación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Utilizando el software PLS de 11 componentes y 95 preguntas sugeridas, se han identificado 6 factores que influyen El desarrollo de herramientas cuyos coeficientes de impacto incluyen: Liderazgo y Gobernanza (0,972), salud mental y uso de servicios electrónicos (0,929), Marco Político y Legislativo (0.697), análisis de estado (0.613), patrón de servicios de salud mental para trastornos comunes (0,413), servicios de promoción de salud mental (0,259). Conclusión: El desarrollo de la Herramienta de evaluación de salud mental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en Irán ayudará a identificar la brecha de salud mental y, con respecto a los problemas, será el mejor patrón para proporcionar servicios de salud mental

Identifying the Factors Affecting the Management of Addiction Treatment Clinics: A Qualitative Study

Background: Due to the expansion of addiction treatment clinics and the costs that these clinics incur on the government and the families of addicts, monitoring the performance of these clinics and the need to pay attention to the principles of management, efficiency, and effectiveness is essential. Objectives: The present study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the management of addiction treatment clinics. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-applied and cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. Experts and academic experts have been considered as the research community, and 18 people were selected as the research sample by the purposeful snowball method. Data collection tools were the review of relevant national and international documents as well as semi-structured exploratory interviews. Finally, after collecting information from the interview sections and reviewing the sources, the data foundation and coding methods (open, axial, and selective) were used to classify the data.Results: The findings of the study showed that the effective factors in the management of addiction treatment clinics are dimensions such as organization, planning, control, guidance as well as leadership and treatment management. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the effective factors in the management of addiction treatment clinics can be a good basis to evaluate managers so that the policies and programs of the organization can be upgraded, modified, and reviewed

An Inquiry into the Patient Safety Management Patterns: A Review Study

Background and aims: Patient safety, as one of the main components of the health care quality, implies avoiding any injury and damage to the patient when providing health care services. In other words, patient safety means his or her safety against any adverse and harmful event when receiving health care services. Based on the above-mention explanations, the present study was conducted to determine the patterns of patient safety management. Methods: A systematic review method was used to meet the objectives of the study. In order to access the scientific documentation and evidence related to the subject published during 1998-2018, English keywords including “Patient Safety Model”, “Patient Safety”, and “Patient Safety of Management” were searched in Medine, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases and Persian versions of these keywords were also looked for in Jihad-e Daneshgahi’s Scientific Information Database (SID) and Iranian Journals database (Magiran). Results: The findings of this study suggested that most of the studies on designing a model for patient safety highlighted important dimensions including guidance and leadership, communication, organizing, information management, control and monitoring, participation and decision-making, as well as planning and coordination. Conclusion: In general, using patterns and frameworks designed for patient safety improves patient safety against uncertain incidents since the human and financial consequences of such incidents impose overwhelming sufferings on patients. Keywords Inquiry, Pattern, Patient Safety

An Inquiry Into the Patient Safety Management Patterns: A Review Study

Background and aims: Patient safety, as one of the main components of the health care quality, implies avoiding any injury and damage to the patient when providing health care services. In other words, patient safety means his or her safety against any adverse and harmful event when receiving health care services. Based on the above-mention explanations, the present study was conducted to determine the patterns of patient safety management. Methods: A systematic review method was used to meet the objectives of the study. In order to access the scientific documentation and evidence related to the subject published during 1998-2018, English keywords including “Patient Safety Model”, “Patient Safety”, and “Patient Safety of Management” were searched in Medine, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases and Persian versions of these keywords were also looked for in Jihad-e Daneshgahi’s Scientific Information Database (SID) and Iranian Journals database (Magiran). Results: The findings of this study suggested that most of the studies on designing a model for patient safety highlighted important dimensions including guidance and leadership, communication, organizing, information management, control and monitoring, participation and decision-making, as well as planning and coordination. Conclusion: In general, using patterns and frameworks designed for patient safety improves patient safety against uncertain incidents since the human and financial consequences of such incidents impose overwhelming sufferings on patients

Methods of Student Assessment used by Faculty Members of Basic Medical Sciences in Medical University of Zahedan

Abstract Introduction. Evaluation is one of the important aspects of educational activities. Through Evaluation, we can point out the weaknesses and strengths of educational programs and also we will be able to present an effective solution for solving the problems of educational programs. The purpose of this survey was to study the methodology of student assessment performed by faculty members. Methods. A questionnaire was designed and distributed between the faculty members. The earned data from 51 returned questionnaires was analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used for analyzing the data. Results. According to the results, 72.5% of the faculty members teaching basic medical sciences used formative evaluation and 27.5% of them used summative evaluation. The most important tests used for student assessment were multiple choice questions and written tests, respectively. The faculty members mainly considered the final exam as their most important criterion. The majority of them (90.2%) used lesson plan during their teaching. About 30% of them carried Ph.D. degree and most of them taught in more than one level. 51% of them performed mid-term exam. There was a significant relationship between the taught educational level and evaluation method. Conclusion. Although the faculty members mainly used formative evaluation, they considered final exam as the most important evaluation criterion. Most of the faculty members were young with little experience. The mean of the number of units they taught in each semester was more than their required number. Reviewing evaluation and teaching methods and considering new methods of evaluation can decrease the present problems in educational programs

Designing A Model of Medical Equipment Purchase Management in Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Objective: Medical equipment plays an effective and vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Each society dedicates a plethora of health resources to these facilities. Since prioritizing and resource allocation are crucial in low-income countries with limited health resources, understanding and improving the purchase management of medical equipment in hospitals is a primary key for preparing high-quality health services. The aim of this study was to design a model for medical equipment purchase management at hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The statistical population for the present applied study, consisted of 623 people and the research sample was comprised of 420 people, which was selected using the stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose variables were extracted from comparative studies and whose validity was measured by the relative content validity coefficient, content validity index and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The SPSS 18 and AMOS were employed for analyses. Results: The most and the least effective aspects of medical equipment purchase management in the studied hospitals were found to be decision-making (path coefficient of 1.244) and organization respectively (path coefficient of 0. 845). Conclusion: It is crucial to take factors into consideration when using the facilities and capacities available in health and treatment centres. The proposed model can best guide buyer institutions to move towards efficient purchase mentioned in upstream policy documents