19 research outputs found
Significance of Satellite Television Viewing Centres in Makurdi, Nigeria
Satellite television centres in Nigeria have grown with the popularity of foreign football, especially international competitions. This study identifies the social significance especially the uses and abuses of satellite television centres in Makurdi town. Also, the study identifies the strategy that is effective in curbing the abuses of satellite television viewing centres in Makurdi town. Using a survey of two hundred and twenty (220) respondents who patronise satellite television viewing centres in Makurdi, the study finds among other things that: satellite television viewing centres are used to advance sporting interests, however they are abused when criminals use these centres as meeting places and hideouts. Furthermore, the study finds that the dominant use of satellite television viewing centres to televise football matches leads to neglect of local football teams and this has far reaching implications.Ā The study recommends that proprietors should regulate entry and the police force should step up monitoring of these centres to ensure order and rule of law. Also, proprietors of these centres should explore the profitability of such centres for other purposes such as music videos as an additional income earner to football. Finally, the Nigerian government should utilise the huge gathering of youth at satellite television viewing centres as an opportunity to create awareness on a wide range of issues. Keywords: Satellite Television, Viewing Centres, Football, Use, Abus
Potential Uses of Community Radio in Political Awareness: A Proposal for Nigeria
Political awareness is necessary in democracy- citizens need to know whom they will vote for, the ideals of political parties, dates set for elections, topical political debates, the electoral process, etc. This paper examines the potential uses of community radio in political awareness, especially in Nigeria where community radio is not yet in existence. The existence of community radio in other parts of Africa but not Nigeria leaves a void because there may be a lot of uses to which community radio can be put to. This study explores the āwould beā relationship between community radio and political awareness especially at the grassroots in Nigeria. Using a survey of radio producers, announcers, correspondents, reporters and other broadcast professionals who understand the concept and have had some experience with community radio elsewhere, the study finds that effective programme selection and scheduling will be essential to raising political awareness in Nigerian communities when such stations start operation. Also, interactive approaches in radio programme production will give listeners a chance to clear their doubts and seek illumination on complex issues. Radio producers, announcers, correspondents and reporters should realise that community radio will be a viable tool in raising political awareness in Nigeria, only if used appropriately. Lessons from other countries (where strategies in raising political awareness via community radio have been successful) should be learnt and used when community radio sets foot in Nigeria. Ā Keywords: Community radio, political awareness, democracy, grassroots, citizens, potential, proposa
Cultural heritage and tourism
Kultura i turizam su u Europi vrlo usko povezani pa je na globalnoj razini Europa uvijek imala dominantno mjesto u meÄunarodnom turizmu zbog bogatog kulturnog nasljeÄa. Kulturno je nasljeÄe Äesto koncentrirano u gradovima pa predstavlja temelj razvoja turizma mnogih europskih gradova.
Iako su turizam i kultura uvijek bili povezani, u gospodarskim interesima razvoja masovnog turizma tijekom viÅ”e desetljeÄa, zanemarivala se uloga i mjesto kulture u turizmu. Tek se u posljednjih desetak godina poticanje i posebna pažnja usmjerava na razvoj kulturnog turizma, kako na razini VijeÄa Europe, Europske unije i UNESCO-a tako i na razinama pojedinih zemalja.
Kulturno nasljeÄe se oblikuje kao proizvod i nudi na tržiÅ”tu, te postaje primarni i sekundarni motiv putovanja sve Å”ireg segmenta rastuÄeg tržiÅ”ta kulturnog turizma. Stvaranje i razvoj turistiÄkog proizvoda u kulturnom turizmu temelji se na razvoju menadžmenta kulturnih resursa i primjeni marketinÅ”ke koncepcije koja polazi od zadovoljstva korisnika, a u kulturnom se turizmu zadovoljstvo postiže oÄuvanjem kvalitete resursa na kojem se temelji turistiÄka ponuda.
U Hrvatskoj kulturni turizam joŔ nije uŔao u planove razvoja turizma i joŔ se uvijek kultura razumijeva kao element proizvoda masovnog turizma. Kako se u Hrvatskoj gradski turizam nije razvijao promiŔljanje razvoja kulturnog turizma joŔ uvijek ne slijedi poticaje europske politike razvoja turizma.Europe has always been an important destination for those attracted by its rich cultural heritage. Cultural heritage is concentrated in cities and is often used in development of European city tourism.
Increasing market segmentation created new cultural motives for travel, which became very important for the growing incorporation of cultural heritage into tourism, as basic commodity for tourist consumption has been linked to the growth of the cultural tourism. The development of policy relating to cultural tourism has been more and more evident at European and national levels. Policies, which influence the development of cultural tourism at the transnational level, come mainly from the European Union, Council of Europe and UNESCO.
In cultural tourism cultural heritage (as other cultural issues) becomes a product as a result of cultural production of commercial organisations, and resource management and marketing policy.
In Croatia cultural tourism has not yet been included into the tourism development strategies and the influence of European policies is not yet evident but there are indications that this is slowly changing for the better
Structure and interdependence of the marketing system of touroperators
Na temelju odreÄenih spoznaja iz podruÄja turistiÄkog marketinga i primjenom teorije sustava u ovom se prilogu, dekomponiranjem sustava turizma, izdvaja element turoperatora i turistiÄkih agencija, te njihovih proizvoda i usluga. OdreÄuje se marketinÅ”ki sustav turoperatora kao sustav za sebe, koji nastaje u odnosima s raznim subjektima na tržiÅ”tu u svrhu stvaranja, plasiranja i realizacije turistiÄkih aranžmana kao proizvoda.
Istraživanjem i odreÄivanjem funkcija turoperatora i turistiÄkih agencija, te njihovih odnosa i veza s pojedinim relevantnim subjektima na turistiÄkom tržiÅ”tu, odreÄuje se struktura te meÄuzavisnost i svrhovitost marketinÅ”kog sustava turopertora.Following the current insights into the tourism marketing spheres and applying the systems theory, this paper takes into account the decomposition of the tourism system and aims at separating the touroperatorsā and travel agenciesā component and their respective products and services. The touroperatorās
marketing system is defined as a separate system formed through relationships with various subjects present on the market for the purpose of creating and placing at the market individual package arrangements as products. The structure and interdependence of the touroperatorās marketing system is determined through research and description of touroperatorsā and travel agenciesā functions and their respective relationships and connections with the relevant subjects on the tourism market
Hotel image and branding and characteristics of Croatia\u27s hotel industry
Na europskom i svjetskom tržiÅ”tu hotelske ponude, te u struÄnoj i znanstvenoj literaturi razvijena su, utvrÄena i definirana naÄela marketinÅ”ke koncepcije o stvaranju hotelskog proizvoda te o hotelskom menedžmentu kvalitete koja je temelj razvoja imidža imena hotela kao marke.
U razvoju hrvatskog hotelijerstva nisu se razvila razumijevanja o hotelu kao prizvodu Äije se ime u svijesti korisnika povezuje s kvalitetom usluge i ponude.
U radu se istiÄu važnosti obilježavanja hotela kao proizvoda. IstiÄu se specifiÄnosti razvoja hrvatskog hotelijerstva u kojem se hoteli nisu razvijali kao marke veÄ kao ujednaÄena hotelska ponuda za masovni turizam. Jedan od kljuÄnih aspekata u
rjeÅ”avanju problema razvoja hrvatskog hotelijerstva je Å”kolovanje menedžera i marketinÅ”kih struÄnjaka.On the World and European market, and in scientific and trade publications marketing principles for creating the hotel product, as well as quality hotel management have been developed, confirmed and defined, and form firm foundations for hotel image and branding development.
An understanding for the hotel as a product whose name is connected with quality of services and offer in the customerās mind is not made use in the development of Croatiaās hotel industry.
The paper emphasises the importance of representing the hotel as a product. The development characteristics of Croatiaās hotel industry for which hotels were not developed using branding, instead as a single hotel offer for mass tourism, are underlined. The education of managers and marketing experts will play a major role in solving the development problems of Croatiaās hotel industry
Uses of Social Media among Selected Labour Unions in Abuja during Nigeriaās (January 2012) āOil Subsidyā Removal Protests
The removal of oil subsidy in Nigeria (January 2012) sparked protests across the country and a nationwide strike action organised by the Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC). This study examines the role of social media during these protests. This study ascertains why people in Nigeria used social media during the protests instead of other pre-existing media- radio, television, newspapers, magazines, etc. Furthermore, it identifies the purposes for which social media was used (and by whom) during the protest whether intended or otherwise. For instance, in what ways can social media influence public opinion/mobilise people and groups to protest? Using a survey the study finds that: social media was used during these protests because restrictions in other media stifle expressions of individual opinion in the public sphere. A significant percentage of the opinion expressed via social media during these protests was of frustration due to mismanagement and corruption by the Nigerian government. Pictures, factual/statistical evidence and intelligent analysis of issues were a persuasive force on social media which shaped public opinion and mobilised people to go out on the streets
Hotel marketing and price policy
U Älanku se upuÄuje na osnovne metode i elemente formiranja i primjene politike cijena u hotelskom marketingu i istiÄe važnost tržiÅ”ne orijentacije u formiranju politike cijena kao i važnost istraživanja cjenovne percepcije korisnika za formiranje politike cijena i proizvoda.
Kako se razvoj hrvatskog hotelijerstva (kao i turizma) temelji na sezonskom poslovanju i na plasmanu ponude, poglavito putem stranih turoperatora, politika se cijena nije razvijala za strateÅ”ko ponaÅ”anje na tržiÅ”tu i nije se usklaÄivala s politikom proizvoda.
Na teorijskom primjeru koji se temelji na primjenjivanim cijenama u hotelima u turistiÄkim lokalitetima, pokazuje se da bi hoteli koji se odluÄe na primjenu tržiÅ”ne orijentacije formiranja politike cijena mogli primijeniti metodu prosjeÄnih cijena i poslovnu godinu dijeliti u
dva razdoblja, odnosno održavati iste cijene tijekom cijele godine.The paper discusses basic methods and means for forming and applying a price policy in hotel marketing and emphasizes the importance of market orientation in forming the price policy as well as the importance of researching user perception of the price in forming a price policy for the product.
As the development of Croatia\u27s hotel industry (as well as tourism) is based on seasonal business and the booking offer mostly realised via foreign tour operators, price policy did not develop as per strategic behaviour of the market and in harmony with product policies.
Using a theoretical example based on application of prices for hotels in tourism locations it is shown that hoteliers who decide for the application of market orientated price forming policies, can use the method average prices and divide the financial year into two periods, i.e. use the same prices throughout the whole year
Semantic segmentation by means of language embeddings
RaÄunalni vid ima Å”iroku primjenu u stvarnom svijetu. SemantiÄka segmentacija jedan je od njegovih temeljnih, ali i najzanimljivijih, zadataka. Ovaj rad predstavlja CLIP multimodalni sustav za ugraÄivanje slika i teksta u isti vektorski prostor te ga iskoriÅ”tava za generiranje jeziÄnih ugraÄivanja koja se dalje koriste za semantiÄku segmentaciju. U tu svrhu prenamjenjuje se, modificira i nadograÄuje naduzorkovateljem predtrenirani ConvNext-Base vizualni koder CLIP modela koji zatim individualne piksele kodira u isti vektorski prostor kao i CLIP model te, na temelju sliÄnosti tih kodiranja, ih klasificira. KoriÅ”ten je CamVid skup podataka. Postupak izgradnje, rezultati i evaluacija pažljivo su i precizno opisani u radu. Dodatno su opisanu dijelovi i postupci treniranja dubokih modela, semantiÄka segmentacija te koriÅ”tene tehnologije i metrike.Computer vision has found many applications in the real world. Semantic segmentation is one of its most basic components, but arguably one of the most interesting too. This paper presents the multimodal CLIP model for embedding images and text into the same vector space and uses it to generate language embeddings to further use in semantic segmentation. To that purpose, its ConvNext-Base visual tower is repurposed, modified and upgraded with an upsampling module so that it may embed individual pixels into the aforementioned space and exploit that for classification. All of this is done on the CamVid data set. The process of building such a model, evaluating it and the results are described with precision and detail. Additionally described are: deep neural network training, semantic segmentation and the used technologies and metrics
Semantic segmentation by means of language embeddings
RaÄunalni vid ima Å”iroku primjenu u stvarnom svijetu. SemantiÄka segmentacija jedan je od njegovih temeljnih, ali i najzanimljivijih, zadataka. Ovaj rad predstavlja CLIP multimodalni sustav za ugraÄivanje slika i teksta u isti vektorski prostor te ga iskoriÅ”tava za generiranje jeziÄnih ugraÄivanja koja se dalje koriste za semantiÄku segmentaciju. U tu svrhu prenamjenjuje se, modificira i nadograÄuje naduzorkovateljem predtrenirani ConvNext-Base vizualni koder CLIP modela koji zatim individualne piksele kodira u isti vektorski prostor kao i CLIP model te, na temelju sliÄnosti tih kodiranja, ih klasificira. KoriÅ”ten je CamVid skup podataka. Postupak izgradnje, rezultati i evaluacija pažljivo su i precizno opisani u radu. Dodatno su opisanu dijelovi i postupci treniranja dubokih modela, semantiÄka segmentacija te koriÅ”tene tehnologije i metrike.Computer vision has found many applications in the real world. Semantic segmentation is one of its most basic components, but arguably one of the most interesting too. This paper presents the multimodal CLIP model for embedding images and text into the same vector space and uses it to generate language embeddings to further use in semantic segmentation. To that purpose, its ConvNext-Base visual tower is repurposed, modified and upgraded with an upsampling module so that it may embed individual pixels into the aforementioned space and exploit that for classification. All of this is done on the CamVid data set. The process of building such a model, evaluating it and the results are described with precision and detail. Additionally described are: deep neural network training, semantic segmentation and the used technologies and metrics
Semantic segmentation by means of language embeddings
RaÄunalni vid ima Å”iroku primjenu u stvarnom svijetu. SemantiÄka segmentacija jedan je od njegovih temeljnih, ali i najzanimljivijih, zadataka. Ovaj rad predstavlja CLIP multimodalni sustav za ugraÄivanje slika i teksta u isti vektorski prostor te ga iskoriÅ”tava za generiranje jeziÄnih ugraÄivanja koja se dalje koriste za semantiÄku segmentaciju. U tu svrhu prenamjenjuje se, modificira i nadograÄuje naduzorkovateljem predtrenirani ConvNext-Base vizualni koder CLIP modela koji zatim individualne piksele kodira u isti vektorski prostor kao i CLIP model te, na temelju sliÄnosti tih kodiranja, ih klasificira. KoriÅ”ten je CamVid skup podataka. Postupak izgradnje, rezultati i evaluacija pažljivo su i precizno opisani u radu. Dodatno su opisanu dijelovi i postupci treniranja dubokih modela, semantiÄka segmentacija te koriÅ”tene tehnologije i metrike.Computer vision has found many applications in the real world. Semantic segmentation is one of its most basic components, but arguably one of the most interesting too. This paper presents the multimodal CLIP model for embedding images and text into the same vector space and uses it to generate language embeddings to further use in semantic segmentation. To that purpose, its ConvNext-Base visual tower is repurposed, modified and upgraded with an upsampling module so that it may embed individual pixels into the aforementioned space and exploit that for classification. All of this is done on the CamVid data set. The process of building such a model, evaluating it and the results are described with precision and detail. Additionally described are: deep neural network training, semantic segmentation and the used technologies and metrics