コドモ コソダテ シエン シンセイド イコウゴ ノ ヨウホ レンケイガタ ニンテイ コドモエン ノ ジッタイ ノ ケントウ : カンリショクシャ オ オモナ タイショウ トシタ メンセツ チョウサ カラ

本研究は、子ども・子育て支援新制度移行後の新たな幼保連携型認定こども園の実態と課題を、管理職者を主な対象とした面接調査を用いて明らかにしたものである。こども園への移行に際しては、教育・保育についての職員間の共通理解の形成、職員の両免取得の促進、保護者への説明、新制度の仕組みや用語の理解が課題となっていたことを指摘した。新制度移行後の教育・保育の内容については、年齢や時間によって「幼稚園教育」と「保育」とを分けて組み立てる傾向が窺われるとともに、各園によって午睡の位置づけと夏休み期間の教育・保育のありように違いがあることが分かった。子育て支援についても、各園の多様な取り組みの実態が明らかとなった。新たな幼保連携型認定こども園への移行の総合的な評価については、多くの園が財政面で肯定的評価を行っている一方で、事務手続きや書類の煩雑さや運営費支給の遅れ、１号認定の子どもと２号認定の子どもとに配慮した教育・保育体制の整備を課題としていることが明らかとなった

Supernormal Antithrombin Activity Is an Independent Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Sepsis : A Retrospective Observational Study

Supernormal antithrombin (AT) activity is rare in patients with sepsis. This study compared mortality rate of patients with sepsis and supernormal AT activity with that of other patients. This retrospective study included patients with sepsis from 42 intensive care units (ICUs) in Japan. Patients were included if their AT activity was measured on ICU admission, and if they did not receive AT concentrate. They were categorized into low, normal, and supernormal with respective AT activity of 70% to 100%. The primary outcome was hospital in-patient mortality. Nonlinear regression analysis showed that mortality risk gradually increased with AT activity in the supernormal range, but without statistical significance. Survival rate was significantly lower in low (67%) and supernormal (57%) AT groups than in the normal AT group (79%; P < .001 and P = .008, respectively). After adjusting for disease severity and AT activity on day 2, supernormal AT activity was the only independent predictor of mortality. Sepsis with supernormal AT activity associated with high mortality, independent of disease severity, might be a predictor of in-hospital mortality

Cbx2, a polycomb group gene, is required for Sry gene expression in mice

Mice lacking the function of the polycomb group protein CBX2(chromobox homolog 2; also known as M33) show defects in gonadal, adrenal, and splenic development. In particular, XY knockout (KO) mice develop ovaries but not testes, and the gonads are hypoplastic in both sexes. However, how CBX2 regulates development of these tissues remains largely unknown. In the present study, we used microarray, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical analyses to show that the expression of Sry, Sox9, Lhx9, Ad4BP/SF-1, Dax-1, Gata4, Arx, and Dmrt1, genes encoding transcription factors essential for gonadal development, is affected in Cbx2 KO gonads. Male-to-female sex reversal in Cbx2 KO mice was rescued by crossing them with transgenic mice displaying forced expression of Sry or Sox9. However, testes remained hypoplastic in these mice, indicating that the size and the sex of the gonad are determined by different sets of genes. Our study implicates Cbx2 in testis differentiation through regulating Sry gene expression. (Endocrinology 153: 913-924, 2012