Petrologic subtypes of CM chondrites: Reinvestigation and proposal of subtypes 3.0 to 2.8

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Poster presentations: [OA] Antarctic meteorites, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researc

Cortical neural dynamics unveil the rhythm of natural visual behavior in marmosets

Numerous studies have shown that the visual system consists of functionally distinct ventral and dorsal streams; however, its exact spatial-temporal dynamics during natural visual behavior remain to be investigated. Here, we report cerebral neural dynamics during active visual exploration recorded by an electrocorticographic array covering the entire lateral surface of the marmoset cortex. We found that the dorsal stream was activated before the primary visual cortex with saccades and followed by the alteration of suppression and activation signals along the ventral stream. Similarly, the signal that propagated from the dorsal to ventral visual areas was accompanied by a travelling wave of low frequency oscillations. Such signal dynamics occurred at an average of 220 ms after saccades, which corresponded to the timing when whole-brain activation returned to background levels. We also demonstrated that saccades could occur at any point of signal flow, indicating the parallel computation of motor commands. Overall, this study reveals the neural dynamics of active vision, which are efficiently linked to the natural rhythms of visual exploration

Practical Virtual Cell Designing Environment

Abstract-We have developed a novel and practical virtual cell designing environment. For the practical use, the system provides simulators highly calibrated and adaptive to new structure devices and processes; tools for analyzing the effect of process variations on device characteristics or parasite capacitance; and easy-to-use GUI. This environment is used in practical work and has reduced TAT of cell designing to less than one eighth: Furthermore, it has enabled evaluation of even new structured devices

Homeostasis Model Assessment シスウ オ モチイタ インスリン テイコウセイ ニヨル カンドウミャク ケイセイジュツゴ サイキョウサク ノ ケントウ

虚血性心疾患の治療において経皮的冠動脈形成術(percutaneous coronary intervention:PCI)は有用な治療であるが再狭窄が問題である.糖尿病は再狭窄の独立した要因であり,近年インスリン抵抗性が注目されている.今回我々はインスリン抵抗性をHomeostasis Model Assessment 指数(HOMA-R)を用いて評価し,インスリン抵抗性と再狭窄について検討した.2004年8月より2007年12月までにPCIを施行した189例についてHOMA-Rを計測しインスリン抵抗性を認める群(P群:n=124)と認めない群(N群:n=65)にわけ再狭窄について検討した.再狭窄率はP 群で16.9%,N 群で3.1 %と有意差を認めた(p=0.0056).HbA1c 6.5%未満の非糖尿病群においてもP 群13.9%,N 群3.8 %と有意差を認めた(p=0.048).定量的冠動脈造影でも慢性期最小血管径でP 群2.21± 0.91 mmとN 群2.59 mm ±0.57 mm (p=0.031),% stenosisでP 群24.5±26.9%とN群12.0±9.1%( p=0.010),晩期損失径でP群0.815±0.86 mmとN群0.418±0.471 mmと有意差を認めた(p=0.015).HOMA-Rは再狭窄の簡便かつ有用な指標でありインスリン抵抗性を改善させることが再狭窄の減少につながりうる.INTRODUCTION & HYPOTHESIS:Percutaneous coronaryintervention( PCI) has been widely adopted as an effectivetreatment strategy for patients with ischemic heartdisease;however, the rate of restenosis is high. Diabetesmellitus has been reported as an independent factor of restenosis.The aim of this study is to clarify the factors associatedwith coronary restenosis after PCI and evaluate thehomeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) index as a predictor of restenosis. We reserchedthe clinical records of 189 patients who had been subjectedto elective PCI between August 2004 and December 2007.We distributed these patients by the value of HOMA-Rinto a Group P (n=124;HOMA-R &#8805; 2.5, positive) and aGroup N (n=65;HOMA-R < 2.5, negative). Then, wemeasured the minimal lumen diameter (MLD) and late lumenloss by quantitative coronary angiography( QCA).RESULTS:The rate of restenosis was significantlyhigher in group P (16.9 %) than in group N (3.1 %, p <0.05). In non-diabetic patients whose hemoglobin A1c wasless than 6.5 %, patients with a positive HOMA-R indexwas significantly greater than negative (13.9 vs 3.8 %, p <0.05). In group P the MLD was significantly smaller (2.21±0.91 vs 2.59 ± 0.57 mm, p < 0.05), and the late lumen lossand% stenosis were significantly larger( 0.82±0.86 vs 0.42±0.47 mm, and 24.5±26.9% vs 12.0±9.1%, respectively, p<0.05). The logistic analysis showed that the only independentpredictor of restenosis was insulin resistance (OR6.42;95 % CI 1.46-28.33, p < 0.014).CONCLUSION:We suggest that the HOMA-R index iseasy to calculate and a useful predictor of restenosis;furthermore,improvement of insulin resistance may contributeto prevent coronary restenosis after PCI

Research and development of exclusive equipment for cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) by medical-industrial, hospital-university, and multifarious worker cooperation

Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy（CART）is an effective and safe therapy for patients with refractory ascites or pleural effusion. CART was initially indicated for cirrhotic ascites, and has come to be widely used for malignant ascites. Recently, cancer therapy that applies cancer cells obtained by filtration process is considered, and CART attracts attention as one of the important therapies to support future cancer therapy. However, the numbers of CART in Japan is not sufficient because the equipment for CART is high price and large. Additionally, the specialized medical staff such as clinical engineers is necessary for CART because of complicated operation. Therefore, we think that development of next-generation type equipment for CART that can be performed safely, easily, and reliably is necessary. We could develop the exclusive equipment for CART according to the project management by multifarious worker cooperation in five years

Effects of exercise training on gingival oxidative stress in obese rats

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and gingival oxidative stress in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. Design: Rats were divided into three groups (n = 14/group): one control group (fed a regular diet) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet with and without exercise training [treadmill: 5 days/week]). The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks. The level of serum reactive oxidative metabolites (ROM) was measured as an indicator of circulating ROS. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and reduced-form glutathione (GSH)/oxidised-form glutathione (GSSG) ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative stress. Results: The obese rats fed a high-fat diet without exercise training showed higher serum ROM levels [Carratelli Units (CARR U)] (mean +/- SD; 413 +/- 64) than the control (333 +/- 12) at 4 weeks (p = 0.023). Such a condition resulted in higher 8-OHdG levels (ng/mg mtDNA) (0.97 +/- 0.18) (p < 0.05) and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (17.0 +/- 3.1) (p < 0.05) in gingival tissues, compared to the control (0.55 +/- 0.13 for 8-OHdG and 23.6 +/- 5.8 for GSH/GSSG ratio) at 8 weeks. In addition, the obese rats fed a high-fat diet with exercise training showed lower serum ROM (623 +/- 103) (p<0.001) and gingival 8-OHdG levels (0.69 +/- 0.17) (p = 0.012) than those without exercise training (1105 95 for ROM and 0.55 +/- 0.13 for 8-OHdG) at 8 weeks. Conclusions: Obesity prevention by exercise training may effectively suppress gingival oxidative stress by decreasing serum ROS in rats

インスリン テイコウセイ カラ ミタ sirolimus-eluting stent ト paclitaxel-eluting stent ノ ナイマク ゾウショク ノ ケントウ

(目的)虚血性心疾患の治療において経皮的冠動脈形成術は有用な治療であるが再狭窄が問題である.これに対し,近年薬剤溶出性ステント(Drug eluting stent:DES)が臨床応用され再狭窄は減少してきているが依然として認めている.現在数種類のDES が臨床使用されているが,病態によりどのDES を選択するか明確な指標はない.主に使用されているシロリムス溶出性ステント(sirolimus-eluting stent:SES)とパクリタキセル溶出性ステント(paclitaxel-eluting stent:PES)では塗布されている薬剤の作用機序が異なる.以前我々はDES 留置後においてもインスリン抵抗性が内膜増殖に関与していると報告してきた.本研究の目的は作用機序の異なるこれら2 つのDES において,内膜増殖とインスリン抵抗性の関与を比較検討することである.(方法)2007 年5 月から2009 年12 月までにPCI を施行しDES を留置した212 例をSES 留置例とPES 留置例それぞれで,インスリン抵抗性を認める群(P 群)と認めない群(N 群)に分けて再狭窄を検討した.(結果)再狭窄はSES 留置例,PES 留置例ともにP 群とN 群とで有意差を認めなかった.QCA 解析をするとPES 留置例では,最小血管径(minimum lumen diameter:MLD),%狭窄率(% stenosis),晩期損失径(late lumen loss)に有意差を認めなかったが,SES 留置例では最小血管径で2.18±0.77, 2.61±0.53(p=0.028),晩期損失径で0.36±0.56, 0.13±0.22 mm( p=0.048)と有意差を認め,%狭窄率では20.36±24.44,12.2±6.86(p=0.098)とP 群で狭窄率が高い傾向を認めた.(結語)PES 留置後は慢性期の内膜増殖にインスリン抵抗性の影響を受けないが,SES 留置後はインスリン抵抗性が内膜増殖に関与している.Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) has been widely adopted as an effective treatmentstrategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. However,the rate of coronary artery restenosis is still high. Drugelutingstent( DES) have been implanted in clinical practiceand reduced the incidence of restenosis. Nevertheless, restenosisof coronary artery still occurs in DES patients. Twotypes of DES, sirolimus-eluting stent:SES and paclitaxelelutingstent:PES are widely applied. Previously we reportedthat insulin resistance is one of the factors for stentrestenosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the diferenceof intimal hyperplasia in insulin resistant patients withthe two types of DES implantation.METHODS:We studied the 320 patients who underwentPCI to a new lesion using DES between May 2007 andDecember 2009.We divided these patients by presence ofinsulin resistance into Group P (positive:n=120) andGroup N( negative:n=92). Furthermore, we divided thesepatients into implantation of SES and PES. We measuredthe minimal lumen diameter( MLD) and late loss by quantitativecoronary angiography( QCA).RESULTS:In SES implantation Group and PES implantationGroup, the rate of restenosis was no difference betweenGroup P and Group N. In PES implantation Group,MLD and Late Loss had no difference. However in SES implantationGroup, MLD was significantly lower ( 2.18±0.77vs 2.61±0.53 mm, p<0.05) and Late Loss was significantlyhigher in Group P compared with Group N (0.36±0.56 vs0.13±0.22 mm, p<0.05).CONCLUSION:We suggest that in patients who wereimplanted the two types of DES, insulin resistance was relatedto intimal hyperplasia. Especially SES patients withpositive insulin resistance prone to show more intimal hyperplasia

Framingham Risk Score ト ドウミャク コウカ リスク ニ ツイテノ ケントウ

背景:冠動脈疾患において以前よりフラミンガムリスクスコア(Framingham Risk Score:FRS)は10 年以内の虚血性心疾患発症を予測することが知られている.また近年,冠動脈マルチスライスCT(MultisliceConputed Tomography:MSCT)により求められる冠動脈カルシウムスコア(Coronary Artery CalciumScore:CACS)や種々の炎症マーカーが冠動脈疾患予測因子として報告されている.目的:年齢,性別,総コレステロール値,High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)コレステロール値,収縮期血圧,喫煙の有無から簡易に求めることのできるFRS を算出し,FRS と冠動脈疾患各動脈硬化リスク因子について検討した.対象:2009 年6 月から2011 年9 月までに当院に虚血性心疾患精査目的に受診しMSCT および,冠動脈造影を施行した連続347 例(男性229 例,女性108 例)についてFRS を計測し15 以上の高リスク群(H 群)と15未満の低リスク群(L 群)に分類した.冠動脈造影における有病率と冠動脈疾患予測因子であるCT にて計測されるCACS,及び血液検査における炎症マーカーについて比較検討した.結果:対象はH 群149 例,L 群198 例に分けられた.冠動脈造影における冠動脈疾患有病率はH 群53.6%,L 群41.4%とH 群において有意に高値であった(P=0.023).CACS においてもH 群687.1±759.1,L 群489.8±725.6 とH 群において有意に高値であった(P=0.015).血液検査におけるマーカーにおいては高感度CRP(H 群 vs L 群:0.29±0.70 vs 0.17±0.29 mg/dl P=0.046)と酸化Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol(LDL)(H 群 vs L 群:110.2±47.0 vs 96.8±35.6 U/L P=0.007)において有意差を認めた.結語:FRS は簡便に計測でき,各種冠動脈疾患予測因子とも関連しており冠動脈疾患予測の一助となりうる可能性があると考えた.Background: The Framingham risk score (FRS) is widely used inclinical practice to identify subjects at high risk for developingischemic heart disease. However, FRS may not accuratelyidentify subjects at risk. Recently, coronary arterycalcium score (CACS) detected by multi-slice computedtomography (MSCT) and several atherosclerosis riskmarkers has been known to predict ischemic heart diseases.Subjects: The aim of this study is to clarify the relation betweenFRS and several coronary risk factors. We researched theclinical records of 347 patients who had been subjected toMSCT and coronary angiography( CAG) between Jun 2009and September 2011. We subdivided these patients by thevalue of FRS into a group H (n=149;FRS &#8805; 15) and agroup L( n=198;FRS<15), and examined the relationshipbetween FRS and the other coronary risk factors.Results: The prevalence of coronary heart disease by CAG wassignificantly higher in group H (53.6 %) than in group L(41.4%, p=0.023). CACS was significantly higher in groupH than in group L( 687.0±759.1 vs 489.8±725.6, p=0.015).In group H the level of high-sensitive CRP and MDL-LDLwere significantly higher than those in group L(0.29±0.70vs 0.17±0.29 p=0.046 and 110.18±47.0 vs 96.82±35.6 P=0.007).Conclusion: We suggest that the FRS is easy to calculate and usefulto predict ischemic heart disease compared with the othercoronary risk markers

コウド インスリン テイコウセイ ジョウタイ ニ オケル ヤクザイ ヨウシュツセイ ステント リュウチ ゴ サイキョウサク ノ ヨソク インシ ノ ケントウ

目的:虚血性心疾患に対する経皮的冠動脈形成術(Percutaneous coronary intervention:PCI)は有用な治療法として確立されている.薬剤溶出性ステント(Drug-eluting stent:DES)により,大きな問題であった再狭窄は減少したが,完全には克服されていない.最近糖尿病の前段階としてインスリン抵抗性が注目されており,再狭窄に影響を及ぼすことが示唆されている.今回我々はHomeostasis Model Assessment 指数(HOMA-IR)を用いてインスリン抵抗性の程度とDES 留置後の再狭窄の関連を検討した.方法:2007 年5 月から2010 年10 月までに待機的にPCI を施行しDES を留置した248 例について,HOMAIRより高度インスリン抵抗性を有する群(H 群:n=75)と中等度インスリン抵抗性を有する群(M 群:n=64)およびインスリン抵抗性を有さない群(L 群:n=109)に分類し,定量的冠動脈造影を用いて再狭窄率および再狭窄関連因子について検討した.結果:再狭窄率はH 群で有意に高かった(p=0.0005).慢性期最小血管径はH 群で他の2 群と比較して有意に小さかった(H:1.62±1.02 mm,M:2.42±0.48 mm,L:2.17±0.70 mm, p=0.0086).さらに%狭窄率はH 群で他の2 群と比較して有意に大きく(H:40.1±34.7%,M::14.7±10.4%,L:22.7±21.6%, p=0.0092),晩期損失径もH 群で他の2 群と比較して有意に大きかった(H:0.87±0.90 mm,M:0.19±0.17 mm,L:0.41±0.62 mm, p=0.0097).結論:高度インスリン抵抗性は,DES 留置後再狭窄の危険因子となりえると考えられた.INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has beenwidely adopted as an effective treatment strategy for patientswith ischemic heart disease;especially, restenosis issuppressed after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.However, coronary artery restenosis after DES implantationstill appear now and then. The aim of this study was toclarify the factors associated with coronary artery restenosisafter DES implantation and evaluate the homeostasismodel assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexas a predictor of restenosis.METHODS: We reserched the clinical records of 248 patients who hadbeen subjected to elective PCI and DES implantation betweenMay 2007 and December 2010. We divided these patientsby the value of HOMA-IR into three groups(GroupH;HOMA-IR≧5 . 0 , Group M;2 . 5≦HOMA-IRHOMA-IR), and examined the relationshipbetween coronary artery restenosis and HOMA-IR.RESULTS: The rate of restenosis was significantly higher in GroupH (26.7 %) than in the other two groups (M;7.8 % andL;8.3%, p=0.0005 %). Follow up MLD was significantlylower in Group H (H;1.62±1.02 mm v.s. M;2.42±0.48 mm v.s. L;2.17±0.70 mm, p=0.0086). Furthermore, %stenosis and late lumen loss was significantly higher inGroup H (H;40.1±34.7%, M;14.7±10.4%, L;22.7±21.6%, p=0.0092, and H;0.87±0.9 mm v.s. M;0.19±0.17 mmv.s. L;0.41±0.62 mm, P=0.0097). Logistic analysis showedthat the only independent predictor of restenosis was HOMA-IR over 5.0( OR 2.87;p=0.004).CONCLUSION: The results suggested that severe insulin resistance wasa predictor of restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation;furthermore, that improvement of insulin resistancemay contribute to prevent coronary restenosis after drugelutingstent implantation