Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Kebugaran Tukik Penyu Laut: Systematic Literature Review

Tingkat kebugaran merupakan indikator penting untuk meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup pada tahap awal kehidupan tukik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kebugaran tukik penyu laut dilihat dari profil morfologi dan performa lokomotor yang meliputi kemampuan berjalan (crawling performance), membalikkan tubuh (self-righting performance), dan berenang (swimming performance). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka sistematis (systematic literature reviews). Penulis menemukan 24 artikel yang diterbitkan selama 2010-2020 yang diakses melalui Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Springer Link. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi profil morfologi dan performa lokomotor, yaitu paparan sinar matahari (12,5%); suhu sarang inkubasi (33,3%); teknik inkubasi (8,3%); ukuran pasir (8,3%). Selain itu, profil morfologi dan performa lokomotor berurutan dipengaruhi oleh variasi fenotipe 8,3% dan 12,5%, serta asal induk dan lingkungan sarang 8,3% dan 4,2%. Faktor yang hanya mempengaruhi performa lokomotor, antara lain waktu pelepasliaran dan penggalian sarang (4,2%); urutan keluar sarang, suhu pasir, waktu keluar sarang, jarak sarang ke laut (4,2%); suhu air (8,3%). Sarang yang sedikit terpapar sinar matahari, suhu optimal (30 °C), menggunakan teknik inkubasi penangkaran pantai, mempunyai ukuran pasir halus (0,5-1 mm), dan memiliki variasi fenotipe berupa pola sisik modal scute patterns menghasilkan tukik dengan ukuran karapas yang lebih besar dan performa lokomotor lebih tinggi. Selanjutnya, performa lokomotor lebih tinggi diperoleh jika tukik segera dilepaskan setelah muncul ke permukaan dan langsung digali, tukik pertama yang keluar sarang, memiliki suhu pasir (< 36 °C), waktu keluar sarang sebelum pukul 08.00, sarang lebih dekat ke laut, suhu air hangat (30 °C), dan mempunyai kondisi lingkungan yang baik

Factors Affecting the Fitness Rate of Sea Turtle Hatchlings: Systematic Literature Review

The fitness rate is an important indicator for improving survival in the early stages of hatchling's life. This study aimed to determine the fitness rate of sea turtles based on the morphological profile and locomotor performance which includes crawling, self-righting, and swimming performance. The research method used is systematic literature reviews. We found 24 articles published during 2010-2020, which were accessed through Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Springer Link. The results showed that the factors that influence the morphological profile and locomotor performance are sun exposure (12.5%), nest temperature (33.3%); incubation technique (8.3%), sand grain size (8.3%). In addition, the morphological profile and locomotor performance were affected by phenotypic variations of 8.3% and 12.5%; parental origin and nest environment of 8.3% and 4.2%. Factors that only affect locomotor performances are release time and nest digging (4.2%), emergence order, sand temperature, emergence time, nest distance to the sea (4.2%), water temperature (8.3%). Nests that are slightly exposed to sunlight, optimal temperature (30 °C), use coastal hatchery incubation techniques, have a fine sand size (0.5-1 mm), and have phenotypic variations in the form of modal scute patterns produce hatchlings with carapace sizes bigger and greater locomotor performance. Furthermore, higher locomotor performance is obtained if the hatchlings are released immediately after emerge and immediately dug, first emerge hatchlings, have a sand temperature (&lt;36 °C), time to leave the nest before 08.00, nest closer to the sea, warm water temperature (30 °C), and has good environmental conditions