METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF MARKER SCOPOLETINE, ANDROGRAPHOLIDE, QUERCETIN, AND LUTEOLIN IN ANTIHYPERTENSION JAMU FORMULATION USING RP-HPLC

Objective: The aim of this research was to develop a method of simultaneous analysis marker compounds in antihypertension jamu formulation using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).Methods: Stationary phase, mobile phase, sample preparation and instrument condition were optimized.Results: Analysis of marker compounds in anti hypertension jamu formulation using HPLC with reverse phase ODS C18 column (LiChroCART®, 125 x 4.6 mm, particle size of 5 µm) and gradient mobile phase of formic acid 1% and methanol could separate markers in 35 min at flow rate 2 mL/min. Four markers in antihypertension jamu formulation have been successfully analyzed simultaneously, were scopoletine, andrographolide, quercetin, and luteolin. The RSD values demonstrated the intra and inter-day precisions were less than 4% and 6.5% respectively and the recoveries around 93.45-114.42%, respectively. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficient which of R > 0.995.Conclusion: RP-HPLC method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of four markers in antihypertension jamu. The methods can be used to analyze antihypertension jamu formulation in the market.Â

Kajian Teknis Penanganan Lumpur (Mud Handling) Pada Main Sump Untuk Optimalisasi Pompa Pada Pit Darmo PT Ulima Nitra Tanjung Enim Sumatera Selatan

Lumpur yang terdapat di dalam main sump Pit Darmo PT Ulima Nitra disebabkan karena terhentinya aktivitas penambangan (Stand by) pada bulan Maret-April 2014. Air yang terdapat pada main sump tercampur dengan material-material di sekitar main sump dan adanya gerusan longsor pada lereng (bench) di arah timur yang berupa clay tertransport ke dalam main sump mengalami sedimentasi menjadi lumpur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penanganan lumpur pada main sump. Pengendalian lumpur pada main sump ini dapat dilakukan dengan membagi main sump menjadi beberapa bagian (blok), sehingga lumpur pada main sump dapat dikeluarkan secara bertahap. Volume lumpur pada main sump sebanyak ±8.353,69 Bcm, pembuatan tanggul sebanyak ±12.956,46 Bcm. Alat mekanis yang digunakan untuk membuat blok, mengeluarkan lumpur dan pembuatan tanggul yakni kombinasi Backhoe Komatsu PC 200 Short Arm, Backhoe Komatsu PC 200 Long Arm, dan Backhoe Kobelco SK 200. Produktivitas total per hari adalah ±3.574,56 Bcm dan lama waktu pengerjaan penanganan lumpur selama ± 7 hari. Dengan membagi main sump menjadi beberapa blok maka lumpur dapat dikendalikan. Blok yang terdapat pompa sykes CP220i telah terisi air sehingga pompa dapat bekerja optimal kembali dengan debit 115 liter/s dan head pompa 33,8 m

Gravitational multi-NUT solitons, Komar masses and charges

Generalising expressions given by Komar, we give precise definitions of gravitational mass and solitonic NUT charge and we apply these to the description of a class of Minkowski-signature multi-Taub-NUT solutions without rod singularities. A Wick rotation then yields the corresponding class of Euclidean-signature gravitational multi-instantons.Comment: Some references adde

Consequences of a covariant Description of Heavy Ion Reactions at intermediate Energies

Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied by using a new RQMD code, which is a covariant generalization of the QMD approach. We show that this new implementation is able to produce the same results in the nonrelativistic limit (i.e. 50MeV/nucl.) as the non-covariant QMD. Such a comparison is not available in the literature. At higher energies (i.e. 1.5 GeV/nucl. and 2 GeV/nucl.) RQMD and QMD give different results in respect to the time evolution of the phase space, for example for the directed transverse flow. These differences show that consequences of a covariant description of heavy ion reactions within the framework of RQMD are existing even at intermediate energies.Comment: LaTex-file, 28 pages, 8 figures (available upon request), accepted for publication in Physical Review

Symmetry, singularities and integrability in complex dynamics III: approximate symmetries and invariants

The different natures of approximate symmetries and their corresponding first integrals/invariants are delineated in the contexts of both Lie symmetries of ordinary differential equations and Noether symmetries of the Action Integral. Particular note is taken of the effect of taking higher orders of the perturbation parameter. Approximate symmetries of approximate first integrals/invariants and the problems of calculating them using the Lie method are considered

Electromagnetic Energy for a Charged Kerr Black Hole in a Uniform Magnetic Field

With the Komar mass formula we calculate the electromagnetic energy for a charged Kerr black hole in a uniform magnetic field. We find that the total electromagnetic energy takes the minimum when the Kerr black hole possesses a non-zero net charge $Q = 2\xi B_0 J_H$ where $B_0$ is the strength of the magnetic field, $J_H$ is the angular momentum of the black hole, $\xi$ is a dimensionless parameter determined by the spin of the black hole.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

West Nile Virus Epizootiology, Central Red River Valley, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2002–2005

West Nile virus (WNV) epizootiology was monitored from 2002 through 2005 in the area surrounding Grand Forks, North Dakota. Mosquitoes were tested for infection, and birds were surveyed for antibodies. In 2003, WNV was epidemic; in 2004, cool temperatures precluded WNV amplification; and in 2005, immunity in passerines decreased, but did not preclude, WNV amplification

Schwarzschild black hole levitating in the hyperextreme Kerr field

The equilibrium configurations between a Schwarzschild black hole and a hyperextreme Kerr object are shown to be described by a three-parameter subfamily of the extended double-Kerr solution. For this subfamily, its Ernst potential and corresponding metric functions, we provide a physical representation which employs as arbitrary parameters the individual Komar masses and relative coordinate distance between the sources. The calculation of horizon's local angular velocity induced in the Schwarzschild black hole by the Kerr constituent yields a simple expression inversely proportional to the square of the distance parameter.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; improved versio

Host-Feeding Patterns of Culex Mosquitoes in Relation to Trap Habitat

Mosquito feeding patterns identify vertebrate species potentially involved in the amplification of West Nile virus. In New York, northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) were the predominant hosts in most habitats. Crow (Corvus sp.) blood meals were most frequently identified from sewage treatment plant and storm water catch basin habitats

Effects of deposit-feeding bivalve (Macomona liliana) density on intertidal sediment stability

Effects of macrofaunal feeding and bioturbation on intertidal sediment stability (u*crit) were investigated by manipulating density (0-3 x ambient) of the facultative deposit-feeding wedge shell (Macomona liliana) on the Tuapiro sandflat in Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand. Sediment stability increased up to 200% with decreasing M. liliana density and this was correlated with greater sediment microalgal biomass and mucilage content. The change in stability occurred despite homogeneity of grain size amongst experimental treatments, highlighting the importance of macrofaunal-microbial relationships in determining estuarine sediment erodibility