33 research outputs found

    Assessment mission report Cameroon

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    Assessment report and training needs for port information technology and oil spill preparedness in Cameroon for the MARENDA project.https://commons.wmu.se/marenda/1000/thumbnail.jp

    Rapport de la Mission d\u27Evaluation Cameroun

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    Rapport d\u27évaluation et besoins en formation pour la technologie de l\u27information portuaire et la préparation au déversement d\u27hydrocarbures au Cameroun pour le projet MARENDA.https://commons.wmu.se/marenda/1003/thumbnail.jp

    Systematic Review of Potential Health Risks Posed by Pharmaceutical, Occupational and Consumer Exposures to Metallic and Nanoscale Aluminum, Aluminum Oxides, Aluminum Hydroxide and Its Soluble Salts

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    Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007). Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of “total Al”assumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold. The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al+ 3 to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)+ 2 and Al(H2O)6 + 3] that after complexation with O2‱−, generate Al superoxides [Al(O2‱)](H2O5)]+ 2. Semireduced AlO2‱ radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 ‱ − and OH‱. Thus, it is the Al+ 3-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates. Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants. The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances

    Women's experience of everyday life after a mastectomy : A literature review

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    Bakgrund: Cancer Àr en livshotande sjukdom som kan orsaka dödsfall. Bröstcancer Àr den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor över hela vÀrlden. Behandlingen för bröstcancer Àr vanligtvis ett kirurgiskt ingrepp som kallas mastektomi. Det Àr ett ingrepp dÀr en del eller hela bröstet avlÀgsnas. DÀrefter kan kirurgin kompletteras med annan behandling för att förhindra spridningen. Bröstet Àr ett organ som har en betydelse för attraktivitet, sexualitet och kvinnlighet. Tanken pÄ att förlora bröstet innebÀr en förÀndring hos den drabbade kvinnan och kan som konsekvens pÄverka kvinnans liv. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av vardagen efter en mastektomi. Metod: Den valda metoden var en kvalitativ litteraturstudie, baserad pÄ elva vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades genom en manifest innehÄllsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet bestÄr av tre huvudkategorier Den nya kroppen, Den förÀndrade tillvaron och Upplevelse av stöd, och Ätta subkategorier FörÀndrad kroppsbild, FörÀndrad sexualitet, FörÀndrad social funktion och pÄverkan pÄ vardagen, Psykisk ohÀlsa, KÀnsla av acceptans och tacksamhet, Stöd frÄn omgivning och Mötet med sjukvÄrden. Konklusion: Kvinnor pÄverkas olika efter en mastektomi och upplevelsen kan variera beroende pÄ Älder. PÄverkan kan vara i form av depression, försÀmrad livskvalitet, förÀndring av kroppsbild och sexualitet. DÀrför Àr det avgörande för denna patientgrupp att ha kontakt med vÄrden eftersom kvinnan behöver stöd för att kunna uttrycka kÀnslor postoperativt. SÄledes Àr sjuksköterskans roll att bemöta patienter pÄ ett respektfullt sÀtt och tillhandahÄlla en rÀtt omvÄrdnad.Background: Cancer is a life-threatening disease that can cause death. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide. The treatment for breast cancer is usually a surgical procedure called mastectomy. It is a procedure where a part of or the whole breast is removed. The surgery can then be supplemented with other treatments to prevent the spread. The breast is a body part that is important for attractiveness, sexuality and femininity. The thought of losing the breast involves a change in the affected woman and can consequently affect the woman's life. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women's experience of everyday life after a mastectomy. Method: The chosen method was a qualitative literature study, based on eleven scientific articles that were analyzed through a manifest content analysis. Result: The result consists of three main categories The new body, The changed existence and Experience of support, and eight subcategories Changed body image, Changed sexuality, Changed social function and impact on everyday life, Mental illness, Feeling of acceptance and gratitude, Support from the environment and Meeting with healthcare. Conclusion: Women are affected differently after a mastectomy and the experience can vary depending on age. Impacts can be in the form of depression, deteriorating quality of life, changes in body image and sexuality. Therefore, it is crucial for this patient group to have contact with the care because the woman needs support to be able to express feelings postoperatively. Thus, the role of the nurse is to treat patients in a respectful way and provide proper car

    Women's experience of everyday life after a mastectomy : A literature review

    No full text
    Bakgrund: Cancer Àr en livshotande sjukdom som kan orsaka dödsfall. Bröstcancer Àr den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor över hela vÀrlden. Behandlingen för bröstcancer Àr vanligtvis ett kirurgiskt ingrepp som kallas mastektomi. Det Àr ett ingrepp dÀr en del eller hela bröstet avlÀgsnas. DÀrefter kan kirurgin kompletteras med annan behandling för att förhindra spridningen. Bröstet Àr ett organ som har en betydelse för attraktivitet, sexualitet och kvinnlighet. Tanken pÄ att förlora bröstet innebÀr en förÀndring hos den drabbade kvinnan och kan som konsekvens pÄverka kvinnans liv. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av vardagen efter en mastektomi. Metod: Den valda metoden var en kvalitativ litteraturstudie, baserad pÄ elva vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades genom en manifest innehÄllsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet bestÄr av tre huvudkategorier Den nya kroppen, Den förÀndrade tillvaron och Upplevelse av stöd, och Ätta subkategorier FörÀndrad kroppsbild, FörÀndrad sexualitet, FörÀndrad social funktion och pÄverkan pÄ vardagen, Psykisk ohÀlsa, KÀnsla av acceptans och tacksamhet, Stöd frÄn omgivning och Mötet med sjukvÄrden. Konklusion: Kvinnor pÄverkas olika efter en mastektomi och upplevelsen kan variera beroende pÄ Älder. PÄverkan kan vara i form av depression, försÀmrad livskvalitet, förÀndring av kroppsbild och sexualitet. DÀrför Àr det avgörande för denna patientgrupp att ha kontakt med vÄrden eftersom kvinnan behöver stöd för att kunna uttrycka kÀnslor postoperativt. SÄledes Àr sjuksköterskans roll att bemöta patienter pÄ ett respektfullt sÀtt och tillhandahÄlla en rÀtt omvÄrdnad.Background: Cancer is a life-threatening disease that can cause death. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide. The treatment for breast cancer is usually a surgical procedure called mastectomy. It is a procedure where a part of or the whole breast is removed. The surgery can then be supplemented with other treatments to prevent the spread. The breast is a body part that is important for attractiveness, sexuality and femininity. The thought of losing the breast involves a change in the affected woman and can consequently affect the woman's life. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women's experience of everyday life after a mastectomy. Method: The chosen method was a qualitative literature study, based on eleven scientific articles that were analyzed through a manifest content analysis. Result: The result consists of three main categories The new body, The changed existence and Experience of support, and eight subcategories Changed body image, Changed sexuality, Changed social function and impact on everyday life, Mental illness, Feeling of acceptance and gratitude, Support from the environment and Meeting with healthcare. Conclusion: Women are affected differently after a mastectomy and the experience can vary depending on age. Impacts can be in the form of depression, deteriorating quality of life, changes in body image and sexuality. Therefore, it is crucial for this patient group to have contact with the care because the woman needs support to be able to express feelings postoperatively. Thus, the role of the nurse is to treat patients in a respectful way and provide proper car
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