CARACTERÍSTICAS DA TAXA DE INFILTRAÇÃO E DENSIDADE DO SOLO EM DISTINTOS TIPOS DE COBERTURA DE SOLO EM ZONA URBANA

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236130810932The aim of this study was to indicate the land use types in Frederico Westphalen (RS) that are more favorable to storm water infiltration, looking forward reducing runoff in the city. To achieve the objective it was perform 45 infiltration tests and soil density in different soil covers. The city was divided in lots, and those were classified according to the following land uses: Mixed Trees (FT), Citrus (C), Grass (G), Crop Rotation (CR) and Bare Soil (SE). The infiltration tests were carried out with the infiltrometer ring method and also there were conducted 45 density tests in a lab. Bare Soils showed the lowest infiltration rate (8.05 mm/h) and the higher soil density (1.58 g/cm3). Soils without green management (SE) do not contribute significantly to rainwater infiltration. FT soils, with less human intervention, showed higher average rates of infiltration (370.3 mm/h) and less than 1.2 g/cm3of density. Among the remaining land use, airy soils (RC and C) showed better response to infiltration (between 228.5 and 274.0 mm/h). Although the grass is considered a green area, the results indicated that the existence of these areas, by itself, it’s not the better strategy for water infiltration in urban areas.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236130810932Considerando a importância de preservar e incentivar o aumento das áreas permeáveis na zona urbana de Frederico Westphalen (RS) foi realizada a análise da velocidade de infiltração e densidade do solo em diferentes coberturas de solo existentes, de forma a indicar os tipos e usos do solo mais favoráveis à infiltração das águas pluviais. Os lotes da cidade foram classificados de acordo com os seguintes usos do solo em: Árvores Mistas (FT), Citrus (C), Gramado (P), Rotação de Cultura (RC) e Solo Exposto (SE). Para a obtenção da velocidade de infiltração foram realizados 45 ensaios de infiltração, utilizando o método do infiltrômetro de anel e 45 ensaios da densidade do solo. A menor velocidade de infiltração (8,05 mm/h) e maior densidade de solo (1,58 g/cm3) ocorreram nos Solos Expostos (SE). De acordo com o estudo, os solos sem manejo verde (SE) não contribuem significativamente para a infiltração das águas pluviais. Os solos FT, onde ocorre menor intervenção humana, apresentaram maiores velocidades médias de infiltração da ordem de 370,3 mm/h e densidades de solo inferiores a 1,2 g/cm3. Entre os outros casos estudados, solos arejados (RC e C) apresentaram melhor resposta à infiltração (entre 228,5 e 274,0 mm/h). Cabe destacar que, apesar do gramado ser considerado área verde, favorável à infiltração das águas, os ensaios indicaram que a existência destas áreas, por sí, não representa a melhor estratégia para a retenção das águas de escoamento superficial em área urbana

Consciência ambiental relacionada aos resíduos sólidos urbanos em Faro Portugal

With the increase of the population, the generation of solid waste municipal (SWM) has increased gradually in this way appears appropriate technologies for proper disposal of this waste, one of the landfills. This study addresses the situation of the Portuguese municipality, Faro (Southern region) for MSW, and public awareness regarding the same. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative and quantitative research, the respondents constitute a universe of 250 people of different social classes , ages and schooling . For this work , we elaborated a questionnaire containing 18 questions , which are divided into nine objective questions and nine other subjective issues , in order to characterize the habits and environmental awareness of its population to the incorrect disposal and impacts related to Municipal Solid Waste . After the questionnaire, the main responses were analyzed and graphed using the software Microsoft Excel 2010 for better viewing and discussion. Faro has a selective collection system, which helps the community awareness. It can be seen therefore that the large audience of 250 people interviewed adheres to sustainable issues, however, there is no commotion all needed in favor of the environment so that we can complete a cycle of use and reuse to the final disposal.Com o aumento da população, a geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) aumentou gradativamente, desta forma surge tecnologias adequadas para a disposição adequada desses resíduos, sendo uma delas os aterros sanitários. O presente estudo aborda a situação do município português, Faro (região sul do país) referente aos RSU, e a conscientização da população referente aos mesmos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa de investigação, cujos entrevistados constituem um universo de 250 pessoas de diferentes classes sociais, idades e escolaridades. Para a realização deste trabalho, elaborou-se um questionário contendo 18 perguntas, sendo estas divididas em nove questões objetivas e outras nove questões subjetivas, com o intuito de caracterizar os hábitos e a consciência ambiental da população portuguesa perante o descarte incorreto e os impactos relacionados aos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos. Após a aplicação do questionário, as principais respostas obtidas foram analisadas e representadas graficamente através do software Microsoft Excel 2010 para melhor visualização e discussão. Faro possui o sistema de coleta seletiva, o que auxilia a conscientização a comunidade. Percebe-se desta forma que o grande público de 250 pessoas entrevistadas adere às questões sustentáveis, porém, ainda não há toda comoção necessária em prol do meio ambiente para que consigamos completar um ciclo de uso e reuso até o descarte final.

When Failure Analysis Meets Side-Channel Attacks

International audienceThe purpose of failure analysis is to locate the source of a defect in order to characterize it, using different techniques (laser stim- ulation, light emission, electromagnetic emission...). Moreover, the aim of vulnerability analysis, and particularly side-channel analysis, is to ob- serve and collect various leakages information of an integrated circuit (power consumption, electromagnetic emission ...) in order to extract sensitive data. Although these two activities appear to be distincted, they have in common the observation and extraction of information about a circuit behavior. The purpose of this paper is to explain how and why these activities should be combined. Firstly it is shown that the leak- age due to the light emitted during normal operation of a CMOS circuit can be used to set up an attack based on the DPA/DEMA technique. Then a second method based on laser stimulation is presented, improv- ing the “traditional” attacks by injecting a photocurrent, which results in a punctual increase of the power consumption of a circuit. These tech- niques are demonstrated on an FPGA device

Disruption of SATB2 or its long-range cis-regulation by SOX9 causes a syndromic form of Pierre Robin Sequence

Heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the gene encoding the DNA-binding protein, SATB2, result in micrognathia and cleft palate in both humans and mice. In three unrelated individuals, we show that translocation breakpoints (BPs) up to 896 kb 3′ of SATB2 polyadenylation site cause a phenotype which is indistinguishable from that caused by SATB2 LOF mutations. This syndrome comprises long nose, small mouth, micrognathia, cleft palate, arachnodactyly and intellectual disability. These BPs map to a gene desert between PLCL1 and SATB2. We identified three putative cis-regulatory elements (CRE1–3) using a comparative genomic approach each of which would be placed in trans relative to SATB2 by all three BPs. CRE1–3 each bind p300 and mono-methylated H3K4 consistent with enhancer function. In silico analysis suggested that CRE1–3 contain one or more conserved SOX9-binding sites, and this binding was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation on cells derived from mouse embryonic pharyngeal arch. Interphase bacterial artificial chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization measurements in embryonic craniofacial tissues showed that the orthologous region in mice exhibits Satb2 expression-dependent chromatin decondensation consistent with Satb2 being a target gene of CRE1–3. To assess their in vivo function, we made multiple stable reporter transgenic lines for each enhancer in zebrafish. CRE2 was shown to drive SATB2-like expression in the embryonic craniofacial region. This expression could be eliminated by mutating the SOX9-binding site of CRE2. These observations suggest that SATB2 and SOX9 may be acting together via complex cis-regulation to coordinate the growth of the developing jaw

Estudo de funcionalidade e segurança de aparelhos que utilizam ondas de choque para terapia - litotripsia

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.A Litotripsia Extracorpórea por Ondas de Choque (LEOC) é uma terapia que apresenta menores riscos para o paciente quando comparada a outras terapias utilizadas para tratar cálculos urinários. Porém, a tecnologia utilizada para a realização da LEOC envolve riscos que às vezes não são totalmente conhecidos pelos operadores destes equipamentos. Além disso, no Brasil, atualmente não existem normas relativas a ensaios de segurança e funcionalidade para este tipo equipamentos. O presente estudo apresenta os fatores tanto físicos quanto clínicos que influenciam na eficácia e segurança da LEOC. São também indicados os ensaios de funcionalidade a serem realizados nestes equipamentos e os instrumentos de medição para fazê-los

Optimum design of a high-efficiency direct-drive PMSG

International audienc

Large multidisciplinary design optimization applied to a permanent magnet synchronous generator

International audienceThe present paper deals with a large multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) applied to a wind turbine permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The multidisciplinary nature of the model allows reliable results, but it demands high complexity and a large number of variables. Furthermore, to calculate the wind turbine energy production it is necessary to include several operating points in the model, increasing even more the dimension of the problem. To deal with this large optimization problem, the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm has been chosen. The results show that, besides the model complexity, the solution is obtained fast