167 research outputs found
Comparison of perceived barriers to entrepreneurship in Eastern and Western European countries
This qualitative study among 591 business students from four
European countries investigated cross-country differences in the kind of
barriers people perceive to business start-up. In line with institutional theory,
the most important perceived barriers in all countries related to regulative
structures (lack of money) and cognitive conditions (lack of skills). Normative
structures, defined as national culture, did not explain cross-country differences
in perceived risk as start-up barrier. In Norway and The Netherlands, students
reported risk perceptions more often than in Romania and Russia, whereas the
latter countries are known to be more uncertainty avoidant. These results aid in
developing a theory of entrepreneurial barriers, which could be used to extend
current entrepreneurial intentions theories in order to predict actual start-up
behaviour better. Concerning practical implications, results indicate that
business start-up can be stimulated through improving regulative and cognitive
institutional structures, but national differences need to be taken into account
Bouncing back from failure: Entrepreneurial resilience and the internationalization of subsequent ventures created by serial entrepreneurs
This paper examines the impact over international propensity of past negative entrepreneurial experience for those who re-enter into entrepreneurial activity; referred to as resilient serial entrepreneurs. We first hypothesize on the effects over entrepreneurial re-entry that such negative past experience may have and highlight the link between the past entrepreneurial experience of resilient entrepreneurs and their subsequent propensity towards international markets. Building on insights from the generative experiential learning process of entrepreneurial activity and from cognition theories, we propose that resilient entrepreneurs who re-enter business despite having faced negative entrepreneurial experiences in the past benefit from enriched cognitive schemas leading them to greater export propensity. The proposed hypotheses are tested on a unique sample drawn from a Spanish adult population survey. Results from the sequential deductive triangulation analysis (QUAN -> qual) reveal that practical experience is an essential prerequisite for entrepreneurial learning, and that the resilience of those with negative entrepreneurial experience induces the generative entrepreneurial learning especially suitable for subsequent internationally oriented ventures.Peer ReviewedPreprin
How to Educate Entrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurship education has two purposes: To improve students’ entrepreneurial skills and to provide impetus to those suited to entrepreneurship while discouraging the rest. While entrepreneurship education helps students to make a vocational decision its effects may conflict for those not suited to entrepreneurship. This study shows that vocational and the skill formation effects of entrepreneurship education can be identified empirically by drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior. This is embedded in a structural equation model which we estimate and test using a robust 2SLS estimator. We find that the attitudinal factors posited by the Theory of Planned Behavior are positively correlated with students’ entrepreneurial intentions. While conflicting effects of vocational and skill directed course content are observed in some individuals, overall these types of content are complements. This finding contradicts previous results in the literature. We reconcile the conflicting findings and discuss implications for the design of entrepreneurship courses
The effect of tourism education on students? entrepreneurial vocation
This paper aims to examine how higher education affects entrepreneurial vocation in a very specific segment, namely university education in tourism. We used a theoretical approach based on the psychological foundations of intentional theory to analyse a sample of 122 graduate and undergraduate university students in tourism from the perspective of higher education. The results show the differential effect of curricular and extracurricular activities on intentions, attitudes and behavioural control, while there is very little effect on the development of entrepreneurial competencies
Regional social legitimacy of entrepreneurship: Implications for entrepreneurial intention and start-up behaviour
Regional social legitimacy of entrepreneurship: implications for entrepreneurial intention and start-up behaviour, Regional Studies. A new understanding of the role of regional culture in the emergence of business start-up behaviour is developed. The focal construct is regional social legitimacy: the perception of the desirability and appropriateness of entrepreneurship in a region. The econometric analysis utilizes a combination of bespoke longitudinal survey data from 65 regions in Austria and Finland, and variables capturing regional socio-economic characteristics derived from official statistics. The study demonstrates that, and explains how, regional social legitimacy influences the relationships between individual entrepreneurial beliefs, intentions and start-up behaviour and how these interaction effects are conditioned by the socio-economic characteristics of the region
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