On Connections Between Generalized Solutions of Pde's of the First Order

The paper is devoted to investigation of connections between generalized solutions of the Cauchy problemfor the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation and the corresponding quasilinear equation of the first order in theof case n-dimentional state space.The work is supported by grants RFBR no. 14-01-00168, program of Presidium of RAS "Mathematical problems of modern control theory"

Approximation of a Multivalued Solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi Equation

Abstract: The paper deals with the construction of a multivalued solution of the Cauchy problem for the Hamilton–Jacobi equation with discontinuous Hamiltonian with respect to the phase variable. The constructed multivalued solution is approximated by a sequence of continuous solutions of auxiliary Cauchy problems of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation with Hamiltonian which is Lipschitz with respect to the phase variable. The results of the study are illustrated by an example. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.This work was supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (grant no. 211, contract no. 02. A03.21.0006)

On Approximation of Multivalued Solution for Hamilton—Jacobi equation

The paper deals with the Cauchy problem for Hamilton—Jacobi equation with discontinuous w.r.t. state variable Hamiltonian. In this case we use the notion of M-solution proposed by Subbotin. We consider the sequence of auxiliary Cauchy problems for Hamilton— Jacobi equations with Lipschitz continuous w.r.t. phase variable Hamiltonians. We show that the sequence of distances between of graphs of solutions for auxiliary Cauchy problems and graph of M-solution tends to zero in metrics L1. © 201

Хлорфенольные соединения в пресноводных озерах субарктических регионов

Chlorophenol compounds, representing a group of chlorinated phenols and their derivatives, are ionic compounds with different degree of hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and acidity. As potential anthropogenic sources of pollution of ecosystems by chlorophenol compounds is the regional atmospheric transport of these compounds from the territories of border regions. At the same time, the sources of the diversity of chlorophenol compounds are the natural processes of enzymatic biosynthesis in the components of the environment. These compounds are especially dangerous for the Arctic and subarctic ecosystems, since the conditions of the cold climate contribute to their longterm preservation, which increases their negative impact on living organisms.The research area includes subarctic small thermokarst lakes located in the central part of Vaigach Island and in Bolshezemelskaya tundra.The isolation of chlorophenol compounds from bottom sediment samples was carried out by accelerated liquid flow-through extraction with a hot mixture of organic solvents with extraction of easily and hardly extractable chlorophenol compounds and subsequent analysis on a gas chromatograph with an electron-capture detector. The total content of chlorophenol compounds was determined by summing their concentrations in the easily and hardly extractable fractions.The bottom sediments of the investigated lakes were characterized by a relatively high content of chlorophenol compounds. Toxic pentachlorophenol was found only in the sediments of lake Tundra Bolshezemelskaya. The revealed presence of chlorophenol compounds in the bottom sediments of the investigated lakes suggests their spread in the environment by atmospheric transport from abiogenic sources, as well as natural enzymatic and biochemical processes in these Arctic waters.В работе представлены результаты исследования по изучению уровней содержания и компонентного состава хлорированных фенолов и их производных в донных осадках пресноводных озер на территории Большеземельской тундры и острова Вайгач. Приведены профили хлорфенольных соединений, а также предполагаемые источники и пути поступления этих соединений в тундровые озерные экосистемы субарктических территорий Европейского Севера России

Synthesis and inner-sphere hydrophosphorylation of (η¹-N)-N-benzyl-N-(1,3-dimethylbut-2-enylidene)amine-(dicarbonyl)(1,3,5-triorganyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane) molybdenum(0) and -tungsten(0)

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Complexes of group VIb metals (Mo and W) has been prepared with N-benzyl-(3-methylbut-2-enylidene)amine, where the latter is coordinated with the dicarbonyl(1,3,5-triorganyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)-metal(0) fragment exclusively through the lone electron pair of the imine nitrogen atom. The reactions of the synthesized metal complexes with diethyl phosphite in various conditions always involved the addition of the phosphite across the С=N bond to form, depending on the conditions, aminophosphonates or their inner-sphere rearrangement products amidophosphates. Both organophosphorus compounds remain in the coordination sphere of the transition metal complex

Dopamine Receptors Differentially Control Binge Alcohol Drinking-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity of the Core Nucleus Accumbens Direct and Indirect Pathways

Binge alcohol drinking, a behavior characterized by rapid repeated alcohol intake, is most prevalent in young adults and is a risk factor for excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence. Although the alteration of synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to this behavior, there is currently little evidence that this is the case. We used drinking in the dark (DID) as a model of binge alcohol drinking to assess its effects on spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the core nucleus accumbens (NAc) by combining patch-clamp recordings with calcium imaging and optogenetics. After 2 weeks of daily alcohol binges, synaptic plasticity was profoundly altered. STDP in MSNs expressing dopamine D1 receptors shifted from spike-timing-dependent long-term depression (tLTD), the predominant form of plasticity in naive male mice, to spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation (tLTP) in DID mice, an effect that was totally reversed in the presence of 4 mum SCH23390, a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. In MSNs presumably expressing dopamine D2 receptors, tLTP, the main form of plasticity in naive mice, was inhibited in DID mice. Interestingly, 1 mum sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist, restored tLTP. Although we observed no alterations of AMPA and NMDA receptor properties, we found that the AMPA/NMDA ratio increased at cortical and amygdaloid inputs but not at hippocampal inputs. Also, DID effects on STDP were accompanied by lower dendritic calcium transients. These data suggest that the role of dopamine in mediating the effects of binge alcohol drinking on synaptic plasticity of NAc MSNs differs markedly whether these neurons belong to the direct or indirect pathways. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We examined the relationship between binge alcohol drinking and spike timing-dependent plasticity in nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons. We found that repeated drinking bouts modulate differently synaptic plasticity in medium spiny neurons of the accumbens direct and indirect pathways. While timing-dependent long-term depression switches to long-term potentiation (LTP) in the former, timing-dependent LTP is inhibited in the latter. These effects are not accompanied by changes in AMPA and NMDA receptor properties at cortical, amygdaloid, and hippocampal synapses. Interestingly, dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists have opposite effects on plasticity. Our data show that whether core NAc medium spiny neurons belong to the direct or indirect pathways determines the form of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), the manner by which STDP responds to binge alcohol drinking, and its sensitivity to dopamine receptor antagonists

Properties of coatings based on carbon and nitrogen-doped carbon obtained using a pulsed vacuum arc method

Diamond-like carbon coatings on hard-alloy substrates, including coatings doped with nitrogen about 1.0 μm thick have been obtained using a pulse vacuum-arc method. Three types of coatings have been investigated: a carbon diamond-like coating (C), a carbon coating doped with nitrogen (C : N), and a composite coating based on (C : N + C) layer

Stabilization of Hydroxy Tautomeric Form of Dimethyl Phosphite in the Coordination Sphere of Carbonyl Complexes of Group VI Metals

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The interaction of dimethyl phosphite with hexacarbonyls of the chromium group metals in a nonpolar solvent has afforded metal(0) σ4,λ4-(dimethyl phosphite)pentacarbonyls containing a hydroxy tautomeric form of dimethyl phosphite in the coordination sphere. Hydrogen of the phosphite OH group in the metal(0) σ4,λ4-(dimethyl phosphite)pentacarbonyls exhibited a significant acidity, strongest for the chromium complexes. Due to the significant acidity of the phosphite hydroxyl, the metal(0) σ4,λ4-(dimethyl phosphite)-pentacarbonyls are intermediates in the electrophilic version of the Pudovik reaction

Phenanthroline complexes of chromium group metals for the inner-sphere hydrophosphorylation of oxo- and thioxodienes

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.The phenanthroline ligand can stabilize organometallic complexes having oxo- or thioxodienes in the chromium group complexes for the regioselective inner-sphere hydrophosphorylation leading to the corresponding hydroxyl- or mercaptophosphonates

PERANAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBINA AKHLAQUL KARIMAH SISWA

The main function of the teacher is as a role model for his students. That is, that a teacher must be an example and role model, arouse learning motivation and encourage students from behind. The teacher is a human figure who occupies the most important position in education. Teachers as central in the world of education. Exemplary is one of the methods of education that has a big influence on the success of the teaching and learning process. The Islamic system in improving children is based on two basic principles, namely teaching and habituation. The purpose of teaching (Talqin) here is to approach theoretical aspects in efforts to improve children.Keywords. Role, teacher, fostering, moral