173 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Studying the issues of recovery of low-potential energy at smallscale energy facilities allowed to show the promising character of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology as a technology for recovery or conversion of low-potential energy.The most promising developments in the field of the use and recovery of waste heat are described regarding application of ORC, which is widely used in geothermal sources, hot water boilers, gas turbine plants. Due to the constantly growing diversity of working fluids, ORC can be used within a wide temperature range from 100Β°C to over 350Β°C. Also, developments are underway in the design of ORC generators to increase reliability of its individual system units, such as turbines and expanders. Based on the above factors, it can be concluded that with a deeper study of the problems of adopting ORC technologies, they can become a very promising direction in development of heat power engineering.It has been determined that the main factor hindering the widespread adoption of the ORC technology is associated with high cost of heat exchange equipment due to increased heat exchange surfaces. It is shown that design of mini power plants and energy centres based on the use of low-potential energy requires improvement of mathematical modelling methods to reliably determine operating modes and characteristics of each of the units. Methods for modelling evaporation and condensation systems, including turbines and expanders using organic low-boiling working fluids, should be considered among the methods that are highly sought after. The methods for selecting a working fluid for ORC devices also have a significant impact on characteristics of the installation determining the range of cycle operating temperatures and pressures. The solution of the above problems can lead to a reduction in the cost of heat exchange equipment, and, consequently, to a decrease in costs for design of ORC generators.Β Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ¦Π ) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ¦Π , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ° ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΠ¦Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ 100Β°Π‘ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ 350Β°Π‘. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ¦Π -Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ¦Π -ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ¦Π -ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ¦Π -ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ¦Π -Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ².
The local crystallization in nanoscale diamond-like carbon films during annealing
The local crystallization during annealing at 600Β° C in nanoscale diamond-like carbon coatings films grown by pulsed vacuum-arc deposition method was observed using modern techniques of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The crystallites formed by annealing have a face-centred cubic crystal structure and grow in the direction [011] as a normal to the film surface. The number and size of the crystallites depend on the initial values of the intrinsic stresses before annealing, which in turn depend on the conditions of film growth. The sizes of crystallites are 10 nm for films with initial compressive stresses of 3 GPa and 17 nm for films with initial compres- sive stresses of 12 GPa. Areas of local crystallization arising during annealing have a structure dif- ferent from the graphit
The Use of Diamond - Like Carbon Coated Surgical Polypropylene Meshes for Incisional Hernia Repair
Application of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated surgical polypropylene meshes compared to similar prostheses without coating at surgical incisional hernia repair enables to decrease intensity of local inflammatory reaction in the operation are
Experimental Study Of The Radiation Field From Proton Losses around The jinr Synchrophasotron
Information technology in the organization of interaction between teacher-student
The article considers the organization of modern, comfortable learning environment through interaction teacher-student with the help of information technology. The results of the Express survey of students and teachers actively using it in educationΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ-ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ’ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ
Nanostructured coatings based on amorphous carbon and gold nanoparticles obtained by the pulsed vacuum-arc method
Nanostructured coatings based on diamond-like carbon and gold-doped carbon with a thickness of 100-300 nm were obtained by a pulsed vacuum-arc method on silicon substrates. The structure of the coatingswas studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the elemental composition was studied by X-ray microanalysi
Properties of carbon coatings obtained by pulsed high power methods of vacuum-arc and magnetron sputtering
Investigation results of the structure, mechanical, tribological and adhesion characteristics of carbon coatings obtained by two different methods: high-power impulse magnetron sputtering and pulsed cathodic arc deposition are presente
Patterns of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization in complex biological systems
The paper presents the features of calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of additives revealed through experimental modeling. The patterns of phase formation are shown for the Ca{2+} β C[2]O[4]{ 2β} β H[2]O and Ca{2+} β C[2]O[4]{2β} β PO[4]{3β} β H[2]O systems with the components and pH of the saline varying over a wide concentrations range. The effect of additives on crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate was investigated. It was found that the ionic strength and magnesium ions are inhibitors, and calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite crystals are catalysts of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization. The basic calcium phosphate (apatite) was found to be most thermodynamically stable, which indicates its special role in kidney stone formation since it is found in virtually all stones
Application experience of gas-thermal aluminum coatings to protect the pipes for underground construction and repair of heat networks
137Cesium Exposure and Spirometry Measures in Ukrainian Children Affected by the Chernobyl Nuclear Incident
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