173 research outputs found

    Анализ состояния вопроса ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… энСргСтичСских рСсурсов Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ энСргСтики

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    Studying the issues of recovery of low-potential energy at smallscale energy facilities allowed to show the promising character of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology as a technology for recovery or conversion of low-potential energy.The most promising developments in the field of the use and recovery of waste heat are described regarding application of ORC, which is widely used in geothermal sources, hot water boilers, gas turbine plants. Due to the constantly growing diversity of working fluids, ORC can be used within a wide temperature range from 100Β°C to over 350Β°C. Also, developments are underway in the design of ORC generators to increase reliability of its individual system units, such as turbines and expanders. Based on the above factors, it can be concluded that with a deeper study of the problems of adopting ORC technologies, they can become a very promising direction in development of heat power engineering.It has been determined that the main factor hindering the widespread adoption of the ORC technology is associated with high cost of heat exchange equipment due to increased heat exchange surfaces. It is shown that design of mini power plants and energy centres based on the use of low-potential energy requires improvement of mathematical modelling methods to reliably determine operating modes and characteristics of each of the units. Methods for modelling evaporation and condensation systems, including turbines and expanders using organic low-boiling working fluids, should be considered among the methods that are highly sought after. The methods for selecting a working fluid for ORC devices also have a significant impact on characteristics of the installation determining the range of cycle operating temperatures and pressures. The solution of the above problems can lead to a reduction in the cost of heat exchange equipment, and, consequently, to a decrease in costs for design of ORC generators.Β Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны вопросы ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… энСргСтичСских рСсурсов Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ энСргСтики. Показана пСрспСктива использования Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ органичСского Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° (ОЦР) Π² качСствС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ прСобразования Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π² области Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ бросового Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°. НаиболСС пСрспСктивныС ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… прСдставлСны Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ОЦР, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… источниках, Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π±ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… установках. Π—Π° счёт постоянного растущСго сортамСнта Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Π» ОЦР ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅, начиная ΠΎΡ‚ 100Β°Π‘ ΠΈ заканчивая ΡΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ 350Β°Π‘. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ вСдутся Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π² области проСктирования ОЦР-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ надёТности ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² систСмы, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π±ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ исслСдовании ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ внСдрСния ОЦР-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ вСсьма пСрспСктивным Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ тСплоэнСргСтики.ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ основным Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ОЦР-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, являСтся высокая ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ оборудования ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… повСрхностСй. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ миниэлСктростанций ΠΈ энСргокомплСксов Π½Π° основС использования Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² матСматичСского модСлирования для достовСрного опрСдСлСния Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ характСристик ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². К вострСбованным слСдуСт отнСсти ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ модСлирования ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ кондСнсационных систСм, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π±ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° органичСских низкокипящих Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π°Ρ…. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π° для ОЦР-устройств Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ сущСствСнноС влияниС Π½Π° характСристики установки, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ эксплуатационных Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. РСшСниС Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ способно привСсти ΠΊ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ оборудования, Π°, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, сниТСнию ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ОЦР-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ².

    The local crystallization in nanoscale diamond-like carbon films during annealing

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    The local crystallization during annealing at 600Β° C in nanoscale diamond-like carbon coatings films grown by pulsed vacuum-arc deposition method was observed using modern techniques of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The crystallites formed by annealing have a face-centred cubic crystal structure and grow in the direction [011] as a normal to the film surface. The number and size of the crystallites depend on the initial values of the intrinsic stresses before annealing, which in turn depend on the conditions of film growth. The sizes of crystallites are 10 nm for films with initial compressive stresses of 3 GPa and 17 nm for films with initial compres- sive stresses of 12 GPa. Areas of local crystallization arising during annealing have a structure dif- ferent from the graphit

    The Use of Diamond - Like Carbon Coated Surgical Polypropylene Meshes for Incisional Hernia Repair

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    Application of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated surgical polypropylene meshes compared to similar prostheses without coating at surgical incisional hernia repair enables to decrease intensity of local inflammatory reaction in the operation are

    Information technology in the organization of interaction between teacher-student

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    The article considers the organization of modern, comfortable learning environment through interaction teacher-student with the help of information technology. The results of the Express survey of students and teachers actively using it in educationΠ’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся организация соврСмСнной, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСды Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· взаимодСйствиС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ-студСнт с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ экспрСсс-опроса студСнтов ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ИВ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ

    Nanostructured coatings based on amorphous carbon and gold nanoparticles obtained by the pulsed vacuum-arc method

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    Nanostructured coatings based on diamond-like carbon and gold-doped carbon with a thickness of 100-300 nm were obtained by a pulsed vacuum-arc method on silicon substrates. The structure of the coatingswas studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the elemental composition was studied by X-ray microanalysi

    Properties of carbon coatings obtained by pulsed high power methods of vacuum-arc and magnetron sputtering

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    Investigation results of the structure, mechanical, tribological and adhesion characteristics of carbon coatings obtained by two different methods: high-power impulse magnetron sputtering and pulsed cathodic arc deposition are presente

    Patterns of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization in complex biological systems

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    The paper presents the features of calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of additives revealed through experimental modeling. The patterns of phase formation are shown for the Ca{2+} – C[2]O[4]{ 2–} – H[2]O and Ca{2+} – C[2]O[4]{2–} – PO[4]{3–} – H[2]O systems with the components and pH of the saline varying over a wide concentrations range. The effect of additives on crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate was investigated. It was found that the ionic strength and magnesium ions are inhibitors, and calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite crystals are catalysts of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization. The basic calcium phosphate (apatite) was found to be most thermodynamically stable, which indicates its special role in kidney stone formation since it is found in virtually all stones
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