Ukrainian Culture After February 24, 2022: A Victim Condemned to War or a Phoenix Rising from the Ashes?

The article aims to outline the state of artistic processes in Ukraine since February 24, 2022, the date on which Russia's full-scale invasion began. It characterizes a brief period of upheaval, a kind of silence in culture, during which artists were confronted with a crossroads, of being or not being, as well as with the question of self-identification and the determination of perspectives: To form a new system of national orientation, a cultural code, or to direct energy to the survival and transformation of goals? abandoning art to its fate? It considers the complex set of aspects that led to a boom in artistic activity in mid-2022 and the first half of 2023 while outlining the culture-shaping factors and stimuli of the artistic life of Ukrainians. It also analyzes the processes that currently sustain the Ukrainian art scene: the constant disappearance of existing works of art and the organization of exhibitions within Ukraine to preserve the artistic life of the countr

RESEARCH OF FEATURES OF MARKETING STRATEGY IN EDUCATION MARKET

The features of marketing strategy in domestic education market are considered. The methods of provision of educational services through distribution channels and strategic decisions on marketing complex elements in this sphere are revealed. The essence of the price policy as a complex of actions for maintenance of optimum level of prices and to variation of its depending on a status of the market and the situation on in it of an educational institution is opened. The considerable attention is paid to a wasteful method of pricing as to the most widespread in this sphere

Desarrollo de la alfabetización intercultural de los docentes en el sistema de educación vocacional adicional

The general trends of contemporary education include the desire to integrate and universalize social relations. This study aims to explain that the process leads to the intensification of intercultural interaction between representatives of different cultural communities. The expansion of intercultural contacts in the modern world emphasizes the importance of achieving mutual understanding between people of different cultures. The study concludes that multicultural education should become an inseparable part of general education, including additional professional education, since interpersonal relationships take place in a multiethnic and multicultural environment.Las tendencias generales de la educación contemporánea incluyen el deseo de integrar y universalizar las relaciones sociales. Este estudio pretende explicar que el proceso conduce a la intensificación de la interacción intercultural entre representantes de diferentes comunidades culturales. La expansión de los contactos interculturales en el mundo moderno enfatiza la importancia de lograr el entendimiento mutuo entre personas de diferentes culturas. El estudio concluye que la educación multicultural debería convertirse en una parte inseparable de la educación general, incluida la e ucación profesional adicional, ya que las relaciones interpersonales tienen lugar en un entorno multiétnico y multicultural

Multifarious trajectories in plant-based ethnoveterinary knowledge in northern and southern Eastern Europe

Over the last century in the European context, animal production has been transformed by the dynamics of centralization and decentralization due to political and economic factors. These processes have influenced knowledge related to healing and ensuring the welfare of domestic animals. Therefore, our study aimed to document and compare current and past ethnoveterinary practices, and to identify trajectories in ethnoveterinary knowledge in study regions from both northern and southern Eastern Europe. In the summers of 2018 and 2019, we conducted 476 interviews, recording the use of 94 plant taxa, 67 of which were wild and 24 were cultivated. We documented 452 use reports, 24 of which were related to the improvement of the quality or quantity of meat and milk, while the other 428 involved ethnoveterinary practices for treating 10 domestic animal taxa. Cattle were the most mentioned target of ethnoveterinary treatments across all the study areas, representing about 70% of all use reports. Only four plant species were reported in five or more countries (Artemisia absinthium, Hypericum spp., Linum usitatissimum, Quercus robur). The four study regions located in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe did not present similar ethnoveterinary knowledge trajectories. Bukovinian mountain areas appeared to hold a living reservoir of ethnoveterinary knowledge, unlike the other regions. Setomaa (especially Estonian Setomaa) and Dzukija showed an erosion of ethnoveterinary knowledge with many uses reported in the past but no longer in use. The current richness of ethnoveterinary knowledge reported in Bukovina could have been developed and maintained through its peculiar geographical location in the Carpathian Mountains and fostered by the intrinsic relationship between the mountains and local pastoralists and by its unbroken continuity of management even during the Soviet era. Finally, our results show some patterns common to several countries and to the veterinary medicine promoted during the time of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union and its centralized animal breeding system, resulted in a decline of ethnoveterinary knowledge as highly specialized veterinary doctors worked in almost every village. Future research should examine the complex networks of sources from where farmers derive their ethnoveterinary knowledge

Безопасность и эффективность – основа выбора ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов в терапии бронхиальной астмы у детей

Safety and efficacy as fundamental choice of inhaled steroids for treatment of childhood asthma.Безопасность и эффективность – основа выбора ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов в терапии бронхиальной астмы у детей

Recombinant short TNF-BD protein from smallpox virus is pharmacologically active in an experimental septic shock model

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one among the key cytokines that mediate the immune system to protect humans against viral infections. Throughout evolution, anthropogenic Variola virus (VARV) has developed effective mechanisms to overcome human defense reactions. The viral genome encodes soluble proteins imitating the structure of cellular cytokine receptors. These proteins compete with cellular receptors for cytokine binding, thus blocking the antiviral immune response. In particular, the G2R gene of VARV encodes the TNF decoy receptor, VARV-CrmB protein. This protein consists of N-ended TNF-biding (TNF-BD) and C-ended chemokine binding (Ch-BD) domains. Recombinant VARV-CrmB protein has been produced in insect cells using molecular cloning methods and its TNF neutralizing activity has been shown in vitro and in vivo. To decrease the immunogenicity of this protein, a recombinant plasmid coding for shortened TNF-BD protein of VARV in Escherichia coli cells has been constructed. Using the method of immobilized metal affinity chromatography, recombinant TNF-BD protein corresponding to the TNF-biding domain of VARV-CrmB protein was purified from E. coli cells. The therapeutic potential of TNF-BD was studied using an experimental model of LPS-induced septic shock. After septic shock induction, several doses of recombinant TNF-BD were injected and the mortality of experimental animals was observed during 7 days. All mice not injected with TNF-BD had been dead by day 3 of the experiment, but 30, 40 and 60 % of the experimental animals, who received different TNF-BD doses, survived in a dose-dependent manner. Data obtained demonstrate that recombinant TNF-BD protein is pharmacologically active in the experimental model of LPS-induced septic shock

Changes in the transcriptome of the prefrontal cortex of OXYS rats as the signs of Alzheimer’s disease development

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neuro­degenerative disease. It produces atrophic changes in the brain, which cause dementia. The incidence of AD is increasing with increasing life expectancy and gradual aging of the population in developed countries. There are no effective prophylactic inter­ventions because of insufficient understanding of the AD pathogenesis and the absence of adequate experimental models. Recently, we showed that senescence-accelerated OXYS rats represent a promis­ing model of AD; in these rats, accelerated aging of the brain is accompanied by the typical signs of AD: degenerative alterations and death of neurons, a de­crease in synaptic density, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, an increased level of amyloid β (Aβ1–42), and the formation of amyloid plaques. To elucidate how these signs develop, we used a nextgeneration RNA sequencing technique (RNA-Seq) to study the prefron­tal-cortex transcriptome of OXYS rats during the manifestation of AD signs (at an age of 5 months) and during their active progres­sion (at an age of 18 months), using age-matched Wistar rats (parental strain) as controls. At the age of 5 months, there were significant differences between OXYS and Wistar rats (p < 0.01) in the mRNA expression of more than 900 genes (> 2000 genes at the age of 18 months) in the prefrontal cortex. Most of these genes were related to neuronal plasticity, protein phosphorylation, Са2+ homeostasis, hypoxia, immune processes, and apoptosis. Between the ages of 5 and 18 months, there were changes in the expression of 499 genes in Wistar rats and changes in the expres­sion of 5500 genes in OXYS rats. Only 333 genes were common between these sets. This finding points to differences in the mechanisms and rates of age-related changes in the brain between normal aging and the period of development of AD-specific neuro­degene­rative processes

Influence of Antioxidant SkQ1 on Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in the Hippocampus of Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats

Human and animal aging is associated with gradual decline of cognitive functions (especially learning ability and memory) and increased risk of development of neurodegenerative diseases 596 Abbreviations: bp, base pairs; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; ∆mtDNA, deletion in mitochondrial DNA; ∆mtDNA 4834 , 4834-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SkQ1, antioxidant 10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Abstract-Reduction of efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation associated with aging and the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease is thought to be linked to the accumulation of deletions in mitochondrial DNA (∆mtDNA), which are seen as a marker of oxidative damage. Recently, we have shown that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium) can slow the development of signs of Alzheimer's disease in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the development of neurodegenerative changes in the brain of OXYS rats and changes in the amount of mtDNA and the 4834-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion (∆mtDNA 4834 ) as well as the effect of SkQ1. We studied the relative amount of mtDNA and ∆mtDNA 4834 in the hippocampus of OXYS and Wistar (control) rats at ages of 1, 2, 6, 10, and 20 days and 3, 6, and 24 months. During the period crucial for manifestation of the signs of accelerated aging of OXYS rats (from 1.5 to 3 months of age), we evaluated the effects of administration of SkQ1 (250 nmol/kg) and vitamin E (670 mmol/kg, reference treatment) on the amount of mtDNA and ∆mtDNA 4834 and on the formation of the behavioral feature of accelerated senescence in OXYS rats -passive type of behavior in the open field test. In OXYS rats, the level of ∆mtDNA 4834 in the hippocampus is increased compared to the Wistar rats, especially at the stage of completion of brain development in the postnatal period. This level remains elevated not only at the stages preceding the manifestation of the signs of accelerated brain aging and the development of pathological changes linked to Alzheimer's disease, but also during their progression. However, at age of 24 months, there were no detectable differences between the two strains. SkQ1 treatment reduced the level of ∆mtDNA 4834 in the hippocampus of Wistar and OXYS rats and slowed the formation of passive behavior in OXYS rats. These results support the possible use of SkQ1 for prophylaxis of brain aging. Influence of Antioxidant SkQ1 o

Небулайзерная терапия в педиатрической практике

Inhalation therapy is a modern and preferable method of drug delivery which is currently used for treatment of majority of acute and chronic respiratory diseases in children and adults. Recently, inhalation devices have evolved significantly. Scientific researches are focused on interaction between drug molecules and aerosol-producing device. The efficacy of inhalation therapy is generally depends on the drug, its dose and technical parameters of the device. Inhalation devices that are able effectively produce drug aerosol have been used for treatment of most pediatric diseases. Advantages of this therapy are quick onset of the action, the possibility to reduce a drug dose due to higher drug concentration in the airways and to decrease the risk of adverse events, and independence of the liver metabolism. Nebulized therapy has been currently used for therapy of the majority of pediatric respiratory diseases. Drug formulation diversity and ability to combine > 2 drugs could enhance the treatment efficacy.Предпочтительным методом доставки лекарственных препаратов в настоящее время является ингаляционная терапия, применяемая в большинстве случаев терапии не только острых, но и хронических рецидивирующих заболеваний респираторного тракта у детей и взрослых. За последние несколько лет ингаляционные системы получили значительное развитие. Научные исследования концентрируются на взаимодействии молекулы лекарственного вещества и прибора, генерирующего и доставляющего аэрозоль. Эффективность ингаляционной терапии во многом зависит не только от лекарственного препарата, его действующего вещества, назначенной дозы, но и от параметров ингаляционного устройства. В педиатрии для лечения большинства заболеваний используются ингаляционные устройства, позволяющие качественно продуцировать и распылять лекарственный раствор. Преимущества такой терапии связаны с быстрым началом действия лекарственного вещества, возможностью уменьшения дозы препарата за счет создания высокой концентрации непосредственно в дыхательных путях, снижения риска системных побочных эффектов, отсутствия зависимости от активности печеночного метаболизма. Сегодня в педиатрической практике небулайзерная терапия применяется для лечения большинства респираторных заболеваний, а многообразие лекарственных форм (могут быть использованы все стандартные растворы для ингаляций) и их комбинаций (возможность одновременного применения ≥ 2 лекарственных препаратов) способствуют эффективности терапии