Upgrade of the Argentine Islands INTERMAGNET observatory at Akademik Vernadsky station, Antarctica

The article describes the main features of upgrading the magnetometric complex based on the LEMI-025 variometer in January-April 2019 at the geomagnetic observatory (code AIA) of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station.У статті описані основні особливості модернізації магнітометричного комплексу на базі варіометра LEMI-025 у січні-квітні 2019 року в геомагнітній обсерваторії (код AIA) Української антарктичної станції «Академік Вернадський»

On certain approaches to the control methods development for the precipitation formation processes in convective clouds

The article aims at searching for the optimal way of emission of ice nucleating agent in convective cloud in order to prevent ‎formation of harmful hail by analyzing simulations of this process within a numerical model ‎of cloud‎. The state of the physics of clouds and active influences on them is discussed. It is noted that at the present time studies of the regularities of the formation and development of clouds as a whole begin taking into account their systemic properties. The main directions of research at the next stage of its development are discussed. The features of the existing methods of active action on convective clouds are noted, the main tasks encountered in the development of methods for controlling sedimentation in convective clouds by introducing reagents are formulated. It is noted that research on the development of methods for active influence on clouds should be conducted on the basis of new and more effective approaches, which should be based on the extensive use of mathematical modeling. Some approaches to solving this problem are discussed. According to the authors, the most promising of them are approaches based on the theory of optimal control and bifurcation theory. Some results of numerical modeling of the active effect on convective clouds are given

A New Algorithm for Analysis of Experimental Mössbauer Spectra

A new approach to analyze the nuclear gamma resonance (NGR) spectra is presented and justified in the paper. The algorithm successively spots the Lorentz lines in the experimental spectrum by a certain optimization procedures. In Mössbauer spectroscopy, the primary analysis is based on the representation of the transmission integral of an experimental spectrum by the sum of Lorentzians. In the general case, a number of lines and values of parameters in Lorentzians are unknown. The problem is to find them. In practice, before the experimental data processing, one elaborates a model of the Mössbauer spectrum. Such a model is usually based on some additional information. Taking into account physical restrictions, one forms the shape of the lines which are close to the normalized experimental Mössbauer spectrum. This is done by choosing the remaining free parameters of the model. However, this approach does not guarantee a proper model. A reasonable way to construct a structural NGR spectrum decomposition should be based on its model-free analysis. Some model-free methods of the NGR spectra analysis have been implemented in a number of known algorithms. Each of these methods is useful but has a limited range of application. In fact, the previously known algorithms did not react to hardly noticeable primary features of the experimental spectrum, but identify the dominant components only. In the proposed approach, the difference between the experimental spectrum and the known already determined part of the spectral structure defines the next Lorentzian. This method is effective for isolation of fine details of the spectrum, although it requires a well-elaborated algorithmic procedure presented in this paper

A NEW ALGORITHM FOR ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL MÖSSBAUER SPECTRA

A new approach to analyze the nuclear gamma resonance (NGR) spectra is presented and justified in the paper. The algorithm successively spots the Lorentz lines in the experimental spectrum by a certain optimization procedures. In Mössbauer spectroscopy, the primary analysis is based on the representation of the transmission integral of an experimental spectrum by the sum of Lorentzians. In the general case, a number of lines and values of parameters in Lorentzians are unknown. The problem is to find them. In practice, before the experimental data processing, one elaborates a model of the Mössbauer spectrum. Such a model is usually based on some additional information. Taking into account physical restrictions, one forms the shape of the lines which are close to the normalized experimental Mössbauer spectrum. This is done by choosing the remaining free parameters of the model. However, this approach does not guarantee a proper model. A reasonable way to construct a structural NGR spectrum decomposition should be based on its model-free analysis. Some model-free methods of the NGR spectra analysis have been implemented in a number of known algorithms. Each of these methods is useful but has a limited range of application. In fact, the previously known algorithms did not react to hardly noticeable primary features of the experimental spectrum, but identify the dominant components only.  In the proposed approach, the difference between the experimental spectrum and the known already determined part of the spectral structure defines the next Lorentzian. This method is effective for isolation of fine details of the spectrum, although it requires a well-elaborated algorithmic procedure presented in this paper

Influence of ion-beam treatment on structure and defor-mation resistance of 12Cr1MoV steel under static, cyclic and dynamic loading

Features of modification of structure and properties of 12Cr1MoV steel subjected to ion-beam irradiation by zirconium ion beam have been investigated with the use of optical and electron microscopy, and microhardness measurement. It was shown that after the treat-ment the modification occurs across the entire cross-section of specimens with the thickness of 1 mm. Changes in mechanical properties of these specimens under static, cyclic and impact loading were interpreted in terms of identified structure modifications

Solar Cycle-Modulated Deformation of the Earth–Ionosphere Cavity

The Earth–ionosphere cavity resonator is occupied primarily by the electromagnetic radiation of lightning below 100 Hz. The phenomenon is known as Schumann resonances (SR). SR intensity is an excellent indicator of lightning activity and its distribution on global scales. However, long-term measurements from high latitude SR stations revealed a pronounced in-phase solar cycle modulation of SR intensity seemingly contradicting optical observations of lightning from satellite, which do not show any significant solar cycle variation in the intensity and spatial distribution of lightning activity on the global scale. The solar cycle-modulated local deformation of the Earth–ionosphere cavity by the ionization of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) has been suggested as a possible phenomenon that may account for the observed long-term modulation of SR intensity. Precipitating electrons in the energy range of 1–300 keV can affect the Earth–ionosphere cavity resonator in the altitude range of about 70–110 km and modify the SR intensities. However, until now there was no direct evidence documented in the literature supporting this suggestion. In this paper we present long-term SR intensity records from eight stations, each equipped with a pair of induction coil magnetometers: five high latitude (|lat| \u3e 60°), two mid-high latitude (50° \u3c |lat| \u3c 60°) and one low latitude (|lat| \u3c 30°). These long-term, ground-based SR intensity records are compared on the annual and interannual timescales with the fluxes of precipitating 30–300 keV medium energy electrons provided by the POES NOAA-15 satellite and on the daily timescale with electron precipitation events identified using a SuperDARN radar in Antarctica. The long-term variation of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide’s effective height, as inferred from its cutoff frequency, is independently analyzed based on spectra recorded by the DEMETER satellite. It is shown that to account for all our observations one needs to consider both the effect of solar X-rays and EEP which modify the quality factor of the cavity and deform it dominantly over low- and high latitudes, respectively. Our results suggest that SR measurements should be considered as an alternative tool for collecting information about and thus monitoring changes in the ionization state of the lower ionosphere associated with EEP

Ionospheric Non-linear Effects Observed During Very-Long-Distance HF Propagation

A new super-long-range wave propagation technique was implemented at different High Frequency (HF) heating facilities. The HF waves radiated by a powerful heater were scattered into the ionospheric waveguide by the stimulated field aligned striations. This waveguide was formed in a valley region between the E- and F- layers of the ionosphere. The wave trapping and channeling provide super-long-range propagation of HF heater signals detected at the Ukrainian Antarctic Academik Vernadsky Station (UAS) which is many thousand kilometers away from the corresponding HF heating facility. This paper aims to study the excitation of the ionospheric waveguide due to the scattering of the HF heating wave by artificial field aligned irregularities. In addition, the probing of stimulated ionospheric irregularities can be obtained from analyses of the signals received at far distance from the HF heater. The paper uses a novel method of scattering of the HF radiation by the heating facility for diagnostics of non-linear effects at the super-long radio paths. Experiments were conducted at three different powerful HF facilities: EISCAT (Norway), HAARP (Alaska), and Arecibo (Puerto Rico) and by using different far spaced receiving sites. The key problems for super-long-range propagation regime is the feeding of ionospheric waveguide. Then the energy needs to exit from the waveguide at a specific location to be detected by the surface-based receiver. During our studies the waveguide feeding was provided by the scattering of HF waves by the artificial ionospheric turbulence (AIT) above the HF heater. An interesting opportunity for the channeling of the HF signals occurs due to the aspect scattering of radio waves by field aligned irregularities (FAI), when the scattering vector is parallel to the Earth surface. Such FAIs geometry takes place over the Arecibo facility. Here FAI are oriented along the geomagnetic field line inclined by 43 degrees. Since the Arecibo HF beam is vertical, the aspect scattered waves will be oriented almost horizontally toward the South. Such geometry provides unique opportunity to channel the radio wave energy into the ionospheric waveguide and excites the whispering gallery modes

Применение информационно-коммуникационных технологий в образовательном процессе

The article is devoted to an urgent problem related to the active introduction of digital technologies in the educational process at the background of the current situation in the world due to the pandemic. The article objective is to identify the involvement of students in the educational process in a remote educational environment, as well as the transition of the educational process towards distant digital  environment. Using the information and communication technologies is currently highly preferred in the field of education. New teaching methods are applied actively in the educational process, and especially in the field of digital transformation at all levels of education. Nowadays, the distance education is becoming a multi- faceted layer, which research is designed to meet the need and desire of applying in the education field. The research methodological basis is the current concepts of the digital educational environment, as well as the information society theory. Research methodology: the analysis of  literature and contemporary views on introducing digital technologies in the educational process and the impact of information and  communication technologies on involving students in the educational  process. Students use various digital devices in their activities - mobile phones, tablets, computers and a large number of computer apps.  Various school information systems are convenient for all participants in the educational process. The empirical research was carried on using  techniques of questionnaire, discussion, interviews. The article focuses  on understanding pedagogical situations and acquisition of experience by teachers in the pedagogical process using digital technologies.  Students need to learn through digital learning support that these digital technologies are a great way to discover and create new things. The paper discusses main models of using ICT in the educational  process. It taken into account their properties and instructions for use in addition to varieties.Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме, которая связана с активным внедрением цифровых технологий в образовательный процесс на фоне сложившейся из-за пандемии ситуации в мире. Цели статьи – выявление вовлечения в образовательный процесс  студентов в дистанционной образовательной среде, а также ориентирование образовательного процесса в сторону дистанционной цифровой среды. Использование  информационно-коммуникационных технологий в настоящее время является весьма  предпочтительным в сфере образования. Новые методы преподавания активно применяются в образовательном процессе, особенно в области цифровой трансформации  всех уровней образования. Дистанционное образование сегодня становится многогранным пластом, исследования которого призваны удовлетворить потребность в его применении в  сфере образования. Методологической основой исследования выступают актуальные  концепции цифровой образовательной среды, а также теории информационного общества; анализ литературы и взглядов современников на внедрение цифровых технологий в образовательный процесс и влияние информационнокоммуникационных технологий на  вовлечение студентов в образовательный процесс. Студенты используют в своей деятельности различные цифровые устройства: мобильные телефоны, планшеты,  компьютеры и большое количество компьютерных приложений. Различные школьные  информационные системы удобны для всех участников образовательного процесса. Эмпирическое исследование проводилось посредством следующих методов: анкетирования, дискуссии, интервью. В статье мы ориентируемся на осмысление педагогической ситуации и приобретение опыта преподавателями с использованием цифровых технологий. Учащиеся  должны усвоить при поддержке цифрового обучения, что цифровые технологии – отличный способ открывать и создавать новые вещи. В нашей статье обсуждаются  основные модели использования ИКТ в образовательном процессе; помимо разновидностей учитываются их свойства и инструкции для применения