X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of sprayed CdS films

The chemical composition of sprayed CdS films has been evaluated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The general impurity content in the film is discussed, throwing light on the pyrolysis reaction involved in CdS deposition. Further, the stoichiometry of these films is studied as a function of process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, Cd/S ratio in the solution, deposition rate and film thickness. A definite correlation is observed between composition and process parameters. The compositional variation appears to be related to the structure of CdS films as well as the growth mechanism. The effects induced by annealing in nitrogen, hydrogen and ambient air are also discussed. Hydrogen and nitrogen annealing is responsible for oxygen desorption from CdS. On the other hand air annealing induces stoichiometric variations along with oxygen intake in the films

Field-assisted chemiplating of Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films for CdS/Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S heterostructure

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Growth mechanism of topotaxially grown Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films on sprayed CdS films

A study of a series of chemiplated CuxS films deposited on varying CdS film structures and under different deposition parameters by electro-chemical analysis was carried out. A morphological model was developed. This study provided a complementary method for distinguishing grain surface and grain boundary growth. Values of grain surface and grain boundary thickness were also evaluated from XPS and XAES depth profiles. A good agreement between the values determined by both approaches illustrated the validity of the model

Influence of process parameters on the electrical transport mechanism in sprayed CdS films

This report deals with electrical and structural properties of sprayed CdS films produced under varying process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, solution concentration and film thickness. The number of traps appears to depend on the structural quality factor of the CdS films. However, electrical properties are dependent on the presence of oxygen or cadmium in the grain boundaries, which significantly alters the grain boundary potential barrier and hence the mobility

Effect of laser annealing on spray-deposited CdS films

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