Civic patriotism among young sportsman in the South of Russia: Sociological analysis and diagnostics

Purpose: This article is aimed at revealing the specifics of civil and Patriotic practices in the youth environment of the South Russian region. Methodology: The sociological study used methods of qualitative operational analysis and theoretical interpretation of the obtained empirical data, as well as methods of sociological diagnostics aimed at the conceptual generalization of the results of empirical research by social recognition of the qualitative characteristics of civil patriotism in the youth environment as an integral social phenomenon. Result: In modern Russian society, patriotism is positively perceived by the majority, including young Russians, who associate it with love for the Motherland and a willingness to stand up for it. However, state patriotism in the youth environment lacks citizenship, that is, the desire of young people to actively participate in social Affairs, working for the benefit of society and the social environment. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and students. Novelty/Originality: The sociological analysis and diagnostics reveal the reasons for the low level of civic patriotism among young people, as well as the factors that hinder its development in regional communities in the South of Russia.The article was completed as part of the implementation of the State Assignment (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation), project No. 28.3486.2017 / PC “Civil patriotism in the formation and development of solidarity practices in the south of Russia: resource potential and conditions for its implementation”

Macrobenthos of the sand biotops from the coast of south-weastern Crimea in 1992

Macrofauna were sampled in 1992, collected from the Sevastopol area (Black Sea off the coast of south-weastern Crimea). The sampling took place with the devices: Grab (0.04 m²) and Petersen Grab (0.1 m²) at depths from 3 to 25 m. Three transects were located perpendicular to the coast at a distance of 100 m. Two samples were taken at each station (40 samples per area) The sampled material was washed with 1 mm mesh sieve system and preserved in 75% alcohol, which is known to preserve morphological structures without distortion. We avoided prior fixation in formalin in order to not damage calcareous taxa. For each species, the average abundance (Ind/m²), the average wet biomass (g/m²) and the number of species was recorded

Late Replication Domains Are Evolutionary Conserved in the <i>Drosophila</i> Genome

<div><p><i>Drosophila</i> chromosomes are organized into distinct domains differing in their predominant chromatin composition, replication timing and evolutionary conservation. We show on a genome-wide level that genes whose order has remained unaltered across 9 <i>Drosophila</i> species display late replication timing and frequently map to the regions of repressive chromatin. This observation is consistent with the existence of extensive domains of repressive chromatin that replicate extremely late and have conserved gene order in the <i>Drosophila</i> genome. We suggest that such repressive chromatin domains correspond to a handful of regions that complete replication at the very end of S phase. We further demonstrate that the order of genes in these regions is rarely altered in evolution. Substantial proportion of such regions significantly coincide with large synteny blocks. This indicates that there are evolutionary mechanisms maintaining the integrity of these late-replicating chromatin domains. The synteny blocks corresponding to the extremely late-replicating regions in the <i>D. melanogaster</i> genome consistently display two-fold lower gene density across different <i>Drosophila</i> species.</p></div

Replication time in Kc cells for genes in OLs with different IGA scores.

<p>Replication score is shown on the <i>X</i> axes, with +6 corresponding to early replication and −5 to the late replication. Gene counts are shown on the <i>Y</i> axes.</p

Cytology positions of the largest OLs.

<p>FISH mapping performed in the present paper.</p><p>FlyBase FISH mapping data in wild type chromosomes (further details in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083319#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>).</p><p>Mapping position was deduced based on the position of the corresponding underreplication zone, according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083319#pone.0083319-Nordman1" target="_blank">[19]</a>.</p><p>Mapping position was established according to the matching underreplication zone referenced in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083319#pone.0083319-Belyakin1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p><p>LR – late-replicating region.</p><p>UR – underreplicated region.</p

IGA score for genes covered by BLACK and YELLOW chromatin.

<p><i>X</i> axis shows the number of IGAs within OLs assigned to genes; gene counts are shown on the <i>Y</i> axis.</p

Overlap between OLs and UR(B)-regions.

<p><i>X</i> axis shows the number of OLs that overlap with a single UR(B)-region, <i>Y</i> axis shows the percentage of the corresponding UR(B)-regions in the total set of UR(B)-regions. Blue bars indicate the numbers observed for actual UR(B)-regions. Red bars correspond to the simulated counts obtained for a randomly shuffled set of UR(B)-regions via 100,000 shuffling iterations. P-values are provided on top of the bars when differences between the observed and expected values reach statistical significance.</p

Distribution of OLs with different IGA scores across the genome and in UR(B)-regions.

<p>IGA counts per OL are shown on the <i>X</i> axis. <i>Y</i> axis shows the percentage of the corresponding OLs in the genome (grey) and in the UR(B)-regions (black).</p

Ratio of gene density in OLs overlapping UR(B)-regions and in their immediate flanking regions observed in several <i>Drosophila</i> species.

<p><i>Dmel = D. melanogaster</i>, <i>Dpse = D. pseudoobscura, Dvir = D. virilis</i>, <i>Dmoj = D. mojavensis</i>, <i>Dgri</i> = <i>D. grimshawi</i>. OLs with a mutual overlap with UR(B)-regions of 80% or greater were used for this analysis. Each circle represents the ratio gene density in an individual OL and in its flanks. Red horizontal lines denote average ratio values calculated for the entire sampling of OLs in each species. These values are all clustered around 0.5, i.e. gene density in OLs in on average twice as low as in OL flanks.</p

Examples of different types of overlap between UR(B)-regions and OLs.

<p>Different scales are used for each region. Wide black box denotes an UR(B)-region (name is shown on the left). Narrow colored boxes below correspond to OLs (black: <50 kb; yellow: 50–100 kb; orange: 100–200 kb, red: 200–500 kb, blue: >500 kb). The IGA score is shown under each OL overlapping the UR(B)-region. For each type of overlap two examples are shown. <b>A</b> - nearly exact correspondence between UR(B)-region and long OL, with reciprocal overlap over 80%; <b>B</b> – reciprocal overlap ranges 65–80%; <b>C</b> – UR(B)-region overlaps with a large OL, but the extent of overlap is below 65%; <b>D</b> – UR(B)-region overlaps with several smaller OLs, neither of which appears to be dominant length-wise.</p