145 research outputs found

    GSPD: An algorithm for time-dependent tokamak equilibria design

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    One of the common tasks required for designing new plasma pulses or shaping scenarios is to design the desired equilibria using an equilibrium (Grad-Shafranov equation) solver. However, standard equilibrium solvers are time-independent and cannot include dynamic effects such as plasma current drive, induced vessel currents, or voltage constraints. In this work we present the Grad-Shafranov Pulse Design (GSPD) algorithm, which solves for sequences of equilibria while simultaneously including time-dependent effects. The computed equilibria satisfy both Grad-Shafranov force balance and axisymmetric conductor circuit dynamics. The code for GSPD is available at github.com/plasmacontrol/GSPD

    Atropisomeric Dyes: Axial Chirality in Orthogonal BODIPY Oligomers

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    Cataloged from PDF version of article.A dissymmetrically substituted orthogonal BODIPY dimer and an orthogonal BODIPY trimer exist as two stable conformers, which are in fact atropisomeric enantiomers. The racemic mixture can be separated by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase. These enantiomeric derivatives hold great potential as chiral agents in asymmetric synthesis, fluorogenic/chromogenic sensing, and biological applications

    Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Sensing of Biological Thiols in Auqeous Solutions Using BODIPY-Based Reagents

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    Cataloged from PDF version of article.udicious design of BODIPY dyes carrying nitroethenyl substituents in conjugation with the BODIPY core yields dyes that respond to biological thiols by both absorbance and emission changes. Incorporation of solubilizing ethyleneglycol units ensures water solubility. The result is bright signaling of biologically relevant thiols in the longer wavelength region of the visible spectrum and in aqueous solutions

    Design and synthesis of soluble dibenzosuberane-substituted fullerene derivatives for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells

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    Cataloged from PDF version of article.Two new dibenzosuberane-substituted fullerene derivatives, dibenzosuberane-C60 monoadduct (DBSCMA) and bis-adduct (DBSCBA) were synthesized using a classical cyclopropanation reaction via a tosylhydrazone route for application as acceptor materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs). DBSCBA shows good solubility in common organic solvents and both derivatives were characterized by 1HNMR, 13C NMR, MALD-TOF, elemental analysis and UV-vis absorption measurements. The shift of fullerene energy levels induced by the dibenzosuberane substitution was investigated by using theoretical simulations and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Bulk-heterojunction PSCs based on poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and dibenzosuberane-C60 derivatives were fabricated and optimized by adjusting the donor/acceptor ratio and using thermal annealing and solvent additive. The morphologies of the active layers processed under different conditions were also examined by atomic force microscopy. When tested under an illumination of AM 1.5 G at 100 mW/ cm2, the highest power conversion efficiency of the devices using DBSCBA is 3.70% which is superior to that of conventional P3HT:PCBM devices. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

    Designing Excited States: Theory-Guided Access to Efficient Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Action

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    Cataloged from PDF version of article.The in silico design of tetraradical S 1 states was validated experimentally through synthesis, followed by characterization including phosphorescence measurements, use of trap molecules, and cell culture studies, leading to a series of orthogonal dimers of Bodipy chromophores with remarkable singlet oxygen efficiencies (see picture). A new path for the rational development of efficient photosensitizers is thus revealed. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

    Optimization of distyryl-Bodipy chromophores for efficient panchromatic sensitization in dye sensitized solar cells

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    Cataloged from PDF version of article.Versatility of Bodipy (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene) dyes was further expanded in recent dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Here we report a series of derivatives designed to address earlier problems in Bodipy sensitized solar cells. In the best case example, an overall efficiency of a modest 2.46% was achieved, but panchromatic nature of the dyes is quite impressive. This is the best reported efficiency in liquid electrolyte solar cells with Bodipy dyes as photosensitizers
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