Gender Construction in Experiment-Based Biology Lessons

Experimental investigations are an integral part of biology education because they demonstrate essential methods of obtaining knowledge in the natural sciences and generate high levels of learning activity. However, gender differences can arise during experimentation just as in other teaching situations. This article shows examples of social gender construction that may occur in experimental work. To this end, experimental group work was recorded on video and was assessed by the method of film image sequence analysis. The video segments revealed clearly distinguishable behavioral patterns used by the students to establish an identification as a girl or boy. For example, gender-related differences referred to preferring household appliances (girls) or technical instruments (boys) when experimenting, and acting in an attentive (girls) or attention seeking way (boys) during group work. The disadvantage of these patterns is that they may restrict the unfettered development of the personality and, among other things, make it difficult for girls to feel competitive in experimental sciences. In order to balance the situation, teachers must be able to notice these patterns and must know about strategies to broaden students’ behavioral range. Concrete proposals for such strategies being applicable in biology lessons but also in other subjects are given in the discussion of this article

DOES A SINGLE PITCHING SESSION INDUCE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULAR FATIGUE IN HIGH SCHOOL BASEBALL PITCHERS?

The purpose of this study was to assess hip strength changes and provide a quantifiable measurement to show muscular fatigue after pitching a single pitching session. Fifteen adolescent male baseball pitcher‘s hip external rotator, internal rotator, and extensor strength, along with a functional test were measured before and after a single pitching session. After an average of 19 pitches, all hip strength measures in both legs significantly decreased in post-pitching tests. This study showed pitching increased muscular fatigue of the hip muscles after a small number of pitches thrown. With overall fatigue being a large indicator of injury risk in baseball pitchers, monitoring lower extremity muscular fatigue may be a way to potentially reduce risk of injury

The FHI-aims Code: All-electron, ab initio materials simulations towards the exascale

FHI-aims is a quantum mechanics software package based on numeric atom-centered orbitals (NAOs) with broad capabilities for all-electron electronic-structure calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics. It also connects to workflows for multi-scale and artificial intelligence modeling

The evaluation of different retirement investment options as savings and tax planning tools

Throughout South Africa, people are faced with various decisions with regard to planning for their future, but more so in planning for their retirement. It happens quite often that these investment decisions are postponed until only a few years before retirement, whether it is because of personal circumstances (cash flow restrictions) or changing employment. A number of people simply forget to plan for their retirement. Investment for retirement has become increasingly complex because of the great number of investment choices available and therefore this research attempts to identify and evaluate the most commonly used retirement investment opportunities in the market with their respective advantages and disadvantages. The research focuses on investment opportunities from a savings point of view and also evaluates each option from a South African income tax point of view which includes the cash inflows and outflows at the different stages (during the investment period as well as the maturity/retirement period). A number of investing options might seem very attractive at the initial phase, but may be less attractive at retirement or maturity date (especially looking at the tax benefits). This study focuses on both the current and newly proposed legislation as presented during the recent budget speech by the current Minister of Finance, Pravin Gordhan. AFRIKAANS : Regoor Suid-Afrika word mense gekonfronteer met besluite ingevolge die beplanning vir hul toekoms asook die beplanning vir hul aftrede. Dit gebeur gereeld dat hierdie beleggingsbesluite uitgestel word as gevolg van persoonlike omstandighede (wat kontantvloeibeperkings insluit) asook as gevolg van verandering van werkgewers. Party mense laat eenvoudig na om vir aftrede te beplan. Om te belệ vir aftrede word toenemend moeiliker as gevolg van die hoeveelheid beleggingsopsies beskikbaar. Hierdie navorsing poog dus om die mees algemene beleggingsopsies wat beskikbaar is, te identifiseer tesame met elkeen se individuele voordele en nadele. Die navorsing fokus op beleggingsgeleenthede vanuit „n besparingsoogpunt asook die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomstebelasting gevolge van elk van die opsies. Die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomstebelasting gevolge sluit in die kontantinvloeie en -uitvloeie tydens die duur van die beleggings asook by aftrede. Baie beleggingsopsies lyk aantreklik op die beleggingsdatum maar kan nadelig wees by aftrede. Die belastingontleding fokus op beide die huidige wetgewing asook die voorgestelde verandering in die wetgewing soos voorgestel tydens die begrotingsrede deur die huidige Minister van Finansies, Pravin Gordhan. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Kokott, J 2011, The evaluation of different retirement investment options as savings and tax planning tools, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd F12/4/182/gmDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.Taxationunrestricte

Untersuchung zum Hygienestatus von Schulen bei der Durchführung von Schulverpflegung

In den letzten Jahren wurde in den bayerischen Schulen zunehmend eine warme Verpflegung in der Mittagszeit etabliert. Ziel war es daher den Hygienestatus bei der Mittagsverpflegung in den Schulkantinen zu erfassen. Von Januar 2010 bis Juli 2011 wurden 37 Mittagsverpflegungen und Küchen besucht, um die vorhandene Mittagsverpflegung vor Ort zu überprüfen und die hygienerelevanten Daten aufzunehmen. Dabei wurden bei insgesamt 27 Küchen oder Mittagsverpflegungen Oberflächenabklatschproben mittels RODAC-Medien genommen

Investigation towards an active barrier for structure borne sound using structural intensity

Vibrations of aircraft or vehicle engines, for instance, are often transmitted by structure borne sound, leading to a significant radiation of noise inside passenger cabins. Current active vibration control concepts use either velocity or acceleration as a control source. However, these only lead to a local reduction in vibration and not necessarily to the reduction of the vibration energy flow. This study presents the implementation of current methods for structural intensity measurement with a real-time control. The work investigates one and two-dimensional structures. A reduction of energy flow in a beam structure is shown experimentally, as well as numerically for plates. The measurements are strongly influenced by theoretical simplifications concerning the composition of the structure borne waves and the quality of the sensor arrays used, i.e. the sensor spacing and the positioning accuracy. Though, sufficient accordance between numerically and experimentally estimated structural intensity can be found using methods with smaller sensor arrays. A barrier effect is shown by numerical investigations and is measured on a beam. Therefore, the control of vibration energy flow is a more effective method for a global reduction if vibration downstream the control area

Die Staatsrechtslehre und die Veränderung ihres Gegenstandes. Gewährleistung von Freiheit und Sicherheit im Lichte unterschiedlicher Staats- und Verfassungsverständnisse. Risikosteuerung durch Verwaltungsrecht. Transparente Verwaltung - Konturen...Berichte und Diskussionen auf der Tagung der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer in Hamburg vom 1. bis 4. Oktober 2003

This volume presents the lectures and discussions held at the conference of the "Vereinigung der deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer" (the association of german professors for public law), October 1st - Ocober 3rd, 2003, Hamburg