FACILITIES PLANNING IN HEADEND OF MODERN CABLE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AS А PART OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

The term cable distribution systems (KDS) means transmission of signalsfrom the main station (Headend) to the multiple of end users via coaxial cablenetwork. Popular name for this system in our country is a Cable Televisionin the US called CATV - Community Antenna Television. Nowadays most ofthe cable networks based on HFC technology (English: Hybrid Fiber Coaxialnetwork - Hybrid Optical coaxial network) so the term will mean HFC network.There are several types of cable distribution systems (CDS), which inrecent years become versatile. Through Cable Distribution Systems end-userscan enjoy more services. For example, analogue and digital TV and radiochannels, high speed broadband and telephony. Also introduced services suchas “Pay to watch” (PPV - Pay Per View) and “Video content on-demand”(VOD - Video On Demand). With its interactive capabilities, cable distributionsystems today is an essential element of the global information society

SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND RECORDING PROCESSES IN LOGISTIC OPERATORS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

Repeatedly pronounced complexity of the environment in whichcompanies operate today’s ever increasing uncertainty in operation, imposesthe necessity of numerous materials. Decision-making process in theseconditions is no longer a simple and routine work.Considering the main objective of enterprise - profit, which only possiblethrough meeting the needs of consumers as soon as possible. Most businessdecisions for field operations at a telecommunications company are taken inorder to establish harmony between the potential of the company and the scopeof tasks to be completed in the field (application for defects network connectionsand new installations, etc.). These decisions can generally have a marketing orfinancial dimension. The quality of decisions largely depends on the qualityof information that managers have decision-making. In fact, the reduction ofuncertainty in decision making is directly related and proportionate to havingquality, accurate and timely information.The company must constantly has adequate information on the locationand movement of vehicles in order to making quality decisions for the optimalutilization of the vehicles available

Cable Distribution systems - an essential element of the global information society

Not long ago, before the advent of cable operators, here in Macedonia, especially in the smaller towns in this area in the developed countries was overwhelming. In Shtip were able to follow only two or three programs in the Macedonian Television. Later, in the nineties of the last century, there have been two more programs to private local television stations. Admission to these programs is done through external antennas. Nevertheless, due to the specific configuration of the terrain and tall buildings, it was not possible quality reception of TV programs in all parts of the city. On the other hand, this way of receiving television programs by external antennas (and several antennas for each family) and brings other problems. Among other things, in terms of aesthetic appearance of buildings resembling a "forest" of antennas. With the advent of cable operators, this picture changes significantly. At the beginning of its development, the cable operators only offered a service to its customers - analog TV. Today, cable operators offer more services, ie services, and are called Multi Service Operators (Multi service operator - MSO). They invest in quality and expensive equipment that receive and distribute to end users a number of TV and radio channels channels with high quality. Users however, relatively inexpensive monthly fee can enjoy the quality of TV channels, radio channels, internet, telephony and other interactive services. Today through KDS can carry more than 70 (seventy!) Analog television and radio programs as well as a much larger number of digital TV and radio channels. Additionally through KDS enables fast digital communication, access to high-speed, broadband Internet and fixed telephony. Modern cable distribution systems represents a form of electronic communication networks. Electronic communications networks other than cable can be partially or completely wireless

Планирање на електронски комуникациски мрежи

Краток извадок: Електронска комуникациска мрежа е преносен систем кој овозможува пренос на сигнали преку жичени водови, радиобранови, оптички или други електромагнетни средства, вклучувајќи сателитски мрежи, фиксни и мобилни земски мрежи, електромагнетски кабелски системи, радиодифузни мрежи и кабелски телевизиски мрежи, независно од видот на информациите што се пренесуваат. Во овој труд, го обработувам преносниот систем кој овозможува пренос на информации преку жичени (оптичко-коаксијални) мрежи, попознат како кабелски дистрибутивен систем, а кај народот популарно наречен кабелска телевизија. Посебно се опфатени речиси сите функционални целини од еден современ кабелски дистрибутивен систем, почнувајќи од антенскиот систем, главната станица, кабелската мрежа, аналогни и дигитални технологии, кабелски интернет, VoIP-телефонија, пресметки, анализа, оптимизација и др. Преку современите кабелски дистрибутивни системи до корисниците се пренесуваат повеќе услуги, односно сервиси. На пример, аналогна и дигитална ТВ, радио канали, брз широкопојасен интернет, како и фиксна телефонија. Исто така, се воведуваат интерактивни услуги како што се „плати за да гледаш“ (PPV – Pay Per View) и „видео содржини на барање на корисникот“ (VOD – Video On Demand). Можноста од избор на поголем број телевизиски и радио програми како и можноста за брза меѓусебна дигитална комуникација, со себе носи и можност за побрз севкупен развој на општеството во целина. Со своите интерактивни можности, кабелските дистрибутивни системи денес претставуваат основен елемент на глобалното информациско општество. Клучни зборови Електронски комуникациски мрежи, кабелска телевизија, хибридни оптичко-коаксијални кабелски мрежи, кабелски дистрибутивни системи, КДС, кабелски дистрибутивни мрежи, оптички кабел, коаксијален кабел, оптички нод, засилувачи, медија конвертор, кабелски интернет, дигитална телевизија, дигитална видео компресија, кабелски модем, ЛАН мрежи, воип, доксис, Миле Кокотов, Штип, Македонија, ФПТН

Mathematical modeling, analysis and optimization using MMANA - Mathematical Modeling and Antenna Analysis software

After using a modeling mathematical model of the radio link in excel, we have got the measures of strengthening the antennas (in this instance they amount to 15 dBi), approach to mathematical modeling of antennas. For this purpose use special software for modeling and analysis of antennas (MMNA - Mathematical Modeling and Antenna Analysis). The software uses extremely complex mathematical formulas more interdependent and conditional variables such as: - the interaction between the elements of the antenna; - Impact of the country of the characteristics of the antenna depending on the height of the antenna and the frequency or wavelength; - Impact of items and objects near the antenna depending on the electrical conductivity that is, magnetic permeability of objects and buildings; - Resonant frequency of the antenna; - Impedance antenna and adjust to impendency cable; - Orientation and a horizontal, vertical angle of radiation of antenna and others. Each antenna element of the software breaks down hundreds of segments and each element making calculations, comparison with other segments of the same or neighboring elements and ultimately optimizing. The size, type of material and the location of each element of the antenna is defined in a separate part of the 3D coordinate system

Design of Information Systems monitoring, record and control

Abstract - Logistics management information system is essential to provide management with the knowledge to exploit new markets, make changes in the design of packaging, make a right choice in store to raise or reduce inventory, to determine the profitability of customers and establish profitable level of customer service, choose transporter and determine which system of processing orders will be automated. To bring these strategic decisions management must know how you are changing costs and revenues dependent on appropriate alternatives would be selected. An advanced system for order processing is able to provide much information to different departments in the organization. Terminals for access to data can be made available to logistics management, production and marketing department. The system can provide a variety of regular reports and reports on the current situation upon request. The design of logistics information systems begins by examining consumer needs and determination of standards features to meet those needs. Next you need to make is the need for consumers to compare with the current capabilities of the company, and to explore current operations in order to identify areas that require monitoring. It is important at this level to interview different levels of management. In this way the company can determine what strategic and operational decisions are made and what information and in what form is needed for decision making. The next step is an examination of current possibilities for data processing companies in order to determine what changes are needed. Finally, the database could be created and the reports should be designed taking into account management costs and Uses of each report. Good system design must be of benefit to management and to provide movement of information from where they are collected to the appropriate level of management. Phones, and teleprinter connections between computers are just a few of the materials which can transfer information. For additional information processing computerized information system must possess capabilities to store data. Data of logistics information systems may come from multiple sources from which the most important are the following: System processing orders; Statements of the company; Data from the farm; Data from management