Superconducting SET with tunable electromagnetic environment

We have studied the environmental effect on superconducting single-electron transistors (S-SETs) by biasing S-SETs with arrays of small-capacitance dc SQUIDs, whose effective impedance can be varied in situ. As the zero-bias resistance of the arrays is increased, Coulomb blockade in the S-SET becomes sharper, and the gate-voltage dependence changes from e-periodic to 2e-periodic. The SQUID arrays could be used as on-chip noise filters.Comment: 2 pages, 3 embedded figures, submitted to LT23 proceedings. Error in Fig. 1 has been fixe

Mineral Composition of Boring Core at Tottori Hot Spring

鳥取温泉の深度300mに及ぶ試錐のボーリング･コアを検討した結果,主成分鉱物として,石英,長石類(斜長石,加里長石,)と二次的生成鉱物としてモンモリロナイト,カオリナイト,イライト,緑泥石,黄鉄鉱などを認めた.このうち,イライトは堆積岩中に普遍的に存在し,更に緑泥石も全般的にしかも第三紀層で多量に認められている.モンモリロナイトは方解石と共に温泉による生成が考へられ,また,カオリナイトは表土層にのみ認める事ができる.一方,加里長石,黄鉄鉱,緑泥石の産出状態,及びコアが示す粒度,酸化状態からして第四紀層の堆積環境が推定され,25mを境として下部は数回の陸化を含む浅い堆積層であるのに対し,上部は比較的深い.背後供給地から離れた海成層を示唆する.The boring coreS of Tottori Hot Spring, Tottori city were investigated by means of X-ray powder method and differential thermal analysis. Near this district, the Quarternary sediments are perceived until at a depth of 54 meters, and they show some striking differences from the Tertiary sediments which lies under-neath the former. In the Quarternary sediments, small amounts of chlorite coexist with ilIte. Kaolinite is found only in the top soil, and montmorillonite is present just above the unconformity with the Tertiary sediments. The clays from the Tertiary sediments contain abundant amounts of chlorite that exibits regional propylitization. The amounts of the rock forming minerals, quartz and feldspars, in these sediments regularly decrease with increasing amounts of clay minerals. The pH of the thermal water at the pit bottom ranges from 7 to 8, and the maximum water temperature, 57.2℃, is observed. The secondary minerals, montmorillonite and calcite, are thought to be the alteration products by the thermal water

Uranocircite from Ogitsubo, Iida City, Nagano Prefecture

Uranocircite, a hydrated phase of barium and hexavalent uranium, Ba(UO₂)₂･(PO⁴)₂･8H₂O, was identified in the oxidation zone of Ogitsubo in the "Iida radioactiveanomlous area" in 1968. This yellow green mineral occurred in fine arkosic silt and white fissure clay (montmorillonite) which were deposited in the basal part of Miocene sediments just above the unconformity. Uranocircite, a sort of uranium mica minerals, is rarely found in ordinary uranium deposits, because barium in the mineral is easily replaced by such an element as calcium. Basement granite of this area contains abnormally rich thorium, while a relatively large amount of monazite, (La, Ce, Th, Y)･PO₄, is found in several localities of this district. Around the crystals of monazite included in biotite intense pleochroic haloes are observed under the microscope. Perhaps these environmental conditions led the generation of the barium-bearing uranophosphate mineral as secondary ore.Article信州大学理学部紀要 5(1): 65-78(1970)departmental bulletin pape

Firm Age and the Evolution of Borrowing Costs: Evidence from Japanese Small Firms

This paper investigates how a firm's borrowing cost evolves as it ages. Using a new data set of more than 200,000 bank-dependent small firms for 1997-2002, we find the following. First, the distribution of borrowing costs tends to become less skewed to the right over time, which can be partially attributed to "selection" (i.e., exits of defaulting firms reduce the total borrowing costs), but is mainly explained by "adaptation" (i.e., surviving firms' borrowing costs decline as they age). Second, the selection process is natural in that firms with lower quality are separated, charged higher borrowing costs, and eventually forced to exit, which contrasts with the results of previous studies on Japan's credit misallocations, such as Peek and Rosengren (2005). Third, in the adaptation process, we find an age dependence of firms' borrowing costs even if we control for firm size.firm age, borrowing cost, selection, credit allocation, reputation

Determination of Dissolved Gases in the Ground Water at Mt. Daisen

鳥取県大山火山の西北麓の地下水中に潜存するガス成分比は Ar : 0.34～0.40 (cc/l) 1.48～1.64 (%) O(2) : 6.69～9.08 (cc/l) 27.92～35.30 (%) N(2) : 15.16～17.23 (cc/l) 63.22～67.92 (%) の範囲内で定量できる.また,飽和度は次の如くである. O(2) : 87.8～113.9 (%) N(2) : 110.5～123.2 (%) この結果を地表水と比較して,O(2)の飽和度は小さいが,量的な差異はあまりみられず,地表水と地下水の中間的な性質を示している.地質構造,地形が溶存ガス成分比に及ぼす影響は,地下水の流通経路が長距離とみなされる場合に若干のO(2)の消費が認められ,短距離で湧出したと思われるものにはO(2)の飽和度が大きい傾向がある.また,水理地質的にみて,地質と湧出量には密接な関連を見出せるが,ガス成分には影響を与へてはいない.The contents of the dissolved gases in the ground waters at the north west of the piedmont district of Daisen volcano, Tottori prefecture, are determined as follows. Ar: 0.34～0.40 (cc/l) 1.48～1.64 (%) O(2) : 6.69～9.08 (cc/l) 27.92～35.30 (%) N(2) : 15.16～17.23 (cc/l) 63.22～67.92 (%) The calculated degree of saturation of these ground waters with O(2) and N ranges as shown below : O(2) : 87.8～113.9 (%) N(2) : 110.5～123.2 (%) In this district, the ground water is generally of a shallow type. The degree of oxygen consumption of the water has a tendency to decrease as its pass under the ground is shorter. From the results obtained here, it is concluded that these ground water have intermediate properties of the surface and general ground water

Theoretical Study on the Detection of Tilted Lipid Bilayers Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Techniques

Effective refractive indices detected using surface plasmon resonance techniques are calculated as a function of the tilt angle of lipid bilayers in a multilayered model. The changes in the effective refractive indices are derived from the shift of an excitation angle of surface plasmon. To obtain effective refractive index plots, we determined refractive index changes in the lipid bilayers with 3 and 5 nm thicknesses as a function of tilt angle and obtained a relationship between the effective refractive index and tilt angle. We also showed that the effective refractive index depended on the lipid bilayers thickness and anisotropic permittivities, which vary with interchain distance

Radioactive Anomaly in the Okutsu Kaoline Mine, Okayama Prefecture

奥津カオリン鉱床は花崗緑岩中の熱水交代性の塊状粘土鉱床であって, 中心部に白色粘土鉱体, それをとりまいて石英沸石帯,更にその外側に緑簾石帯からなる変質の帯状分布が存在する. 放射能異常は外側変質帯の緑簾石帯に集中しており, そこにトリウムの濃集が認められる. 本鉱床の放射性元素の濃集は変質帯形成の機構と密接に関連するものとみられる.The Okutsu Kaolin Mine. producing about 450 tons of clay a month, is located 25 Km north of Tsuyama, northern Okayama Prefecture. The massive hydrothermal clay deposits, present in granodiorite, is vertical1y and horizontally zoned. A white clay core, hal10ysite and hydrated halloysite, is surrounded by a laumontite-quartz zone. A epidote-quartz zone comes next and the outermost is a slightly altered granodiorite associated with epidote. The epidote-quartz zone is usually of radioactivity which is due to minor amounts of a reddish brown amorphous mineral, containg thorium. However, Uranium has never been detected in materials from the radioactive zone. The other zones are normal or low radioactivity. During hydrothermal alteration, the granodiorite changed to clay deposits and all the original components except Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) were leached out. The leached CaO and Fe(2)O(3) were repricipitated around the deposits forming the epidote-quartz zone. The leached thorium behaved similarly with the two elements and waS concentrated together with them. The concept of the concentration of thorium discussed in this paper may help in solving questions on the alteration of the basal granite and the origin of radioactive elements in the neighbouring Ningyo Toge Uranium Fields

Bulk reconstruction of metrics inside black holes by complexity

We provide a formula to reconstruct bulk spacetime metrics inside black holes by the time dependence of complexity in the dual quantum field theory, based on the complexity=volume (CV) conjecture in the holographic duality.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure