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departmental bulletin pape

Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls under Eccentric Tensile Axial Force

Six reinforced concrete shear wall models were built and tested to investigate effects of cyclic lateral loading and an eccentric tensile axial force on their shear strength behavior. The following are confirmed from this test result. When the elongation at the bottom of the boundary column on the compression side for a lateral force is small, the shear strength of shear walls subjected to a tensile axial force at the boundary column can be evaluated by conventional shear strenght equations, regardless of cycilc lateral loading and the eccentric tensile axial force. However when this elongation of the boundary column increases, the test maximum value is much lower than the value calculated from conventional equations

Maxwell's Demon and Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

In a simple model of Maxwell's demon endowed with a Turing-type memory tape, we present an operational derivation of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in the equilibrium statistical mechanics. It is based solely on the combined gas law of the elementary thermodynamics for the model of the memory. Equilibrium is defined in terms of the stability of thermodynamic work F against noise, where F is the work surplus when resetting the gas system and the memory. This model can be applied to non-equilibrium processes, in principle, because of the universality of the Turing machine. We demonstrate the dissipation-fluctuation as a simple example

Hybridization of a Macroporous Sponge and Spherical Microporous Adsorbents for High Throughput Separation of Ionic Solutes

Hybrid materials using a macroporous sponge and spherical microporous adsorbents have been developed for an effective rapid pretreatment of water samples. Various adsorbents, including methacrylate series, divinylbenzene (DVB), and graphite particles, were utilized for hybridization with a macroporous sponge consisting of polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate, EVA resin. Both the EVA resin and each of the particles were thermally blended at 150℃ with water-soluble pore templates, pentaerythritol and poly (oxyethylene, oxypropylene) triol. After molding as a columnar shape, the hybrid materials were observed by a scanning electron microscope both before and after washing with water/methanol sonication. Only methacrylate series could be effectively fixed onto the pore surface of sponge, whereas DVB and graphite particles were incorporated to the EVA matrix. We assume that the chemical interactions between EVA and adsorbents are very important for effective hybridization to fix the adsorbents onto the pore surface. Furthermore, we demonstrated the hybridization of ion-exchange resin and sponge for a high throughput purification of ionic compounds. The ion-exchangeable polymers prepared by methacrylic acid, 4-vinylpiridine, and p-styrene sulfonic acid with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate could be fixed at a given ratio of "20, wt%", and its effective adsorption based on the ion-exchange ability was observed under rapid elution (3 mL min{−1})

Negative conversion of T-SPOT results after hemodialysis: case series and literature review

Abstract Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) affects 11.9% of outpatients under maintenance hemodialysis in Japan. In addition, the risk of reactivation of LTBI in hemodialysis patients is up to 10–25 times higher than that in the general population. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis and treatment for LTBI are extremely important. The interferon-γ release assays are widely used for screening LTBI; however, the impact of hemodialysis on the assay results has been uncertain. Case presentation Twenty-seven hemodialysis patients (17 males, 69.9 ± 10.1 year old) were performed T-SPOT®.TB test (T-SPOT) both before and after hemodialysis. In cases where T-SPOT results were different before and after hemodialysis, T-SPOT was re-evaluated in a same manner. As a result, two cases showed consistent T-SPOT diagnostic discrepancy before and after hemodialysis in two measurements. In the first case, T-SPOT was indeterminate/positive before hemodialysis, but changed to negative after hemodialysis. In the second case, T-SPOT was positive before hemodialysis, but changed to indeterminate after hemodialysis. Conclusions We experienced the negative conversion of T-SPOT after hemodialysis in cases of LTBI. T-SPOT may show false-negative when measured after hemodialysis due to immunomodulation caused by hemodialysis