Cytocompatibility of Novel Algae-PLA Membranes For Guided Bone Regeneration At The Level of Types I, III And V Collagen Expression

Statement of the problem: In recent years, the development of innovative and increasingly optimized barrier membranes has focused on marine algae, which as a biopolymer can form a membrane composite together with polylactic acid, thus a combination could show numerous advantages such as antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antiallergic properties. Furthermore, algae can be produced in an ecologically sustainable way and offer an alternative for patients who refuse treatment with bovine or porcine derived membranes due to ethical or religious reasons.Objective: In this study, four different algal membranes were evaluated for their cytocompatibility with cultured human fibroblasts and osteoblasts.Materials & Methods: Mem-Lok® (Collagen Matrix, New Jersey, USA) as a resorbable collagen membrane and ArgonautTM (Botiss Biomaterials, Zossen, Germany) as a native pericardium GBR/GTR membrane served as reference membranes (RMs). As the negative control cells incubated with normal culture medium only were used. In addition to the cell viability and proliferation assays water soluble tetrazolium (WST), MTT and BrdU, a real time semiquantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) was developed to investigate in vitro cytocompatibility at the level of types I, III and V collagen expression. A sandblasted- large grid-acid ached titanium surface (Dentcon® Dental Implant Systems, Ankara, Turkey) served as a positive inactive control group for osteoblastic cytocompatibility.Results: For human osteoblasts, the algal membranes showed very good proliferation levels in WST-1, MTT as well as BrdU, indicating cytocompatibility. Examination of the expression behavior of type I, type III, and type V collagen genes showed no evaluable results. However, the RT-PCR should be repeated with the incorporated optimizations to be able to make a statement regarding the success of bone, skin, and connective tissue regeneration after a possible application of the membrane in maxillofacial injury treatment.Conclusion: The investigated collagen types are essential for a proper healing of defects in both soft and bone tissue, as they have fundamental functions such as stability and structural integrity of the tissues

Marine Algae Incorporated Polylactide Acid Patch: Novel Candidate for Targeting Osteosarcoma Cells without Impairing the Osteoblastic Proliferation

Biodegradable collagen-based materials have been preferred as scaffolds and grafts for diverse clinical applications in density and orthopedy. Besides the advantages of using such bio-originated materials, the use of collagen matrices increases the risk of infection transmission through the cells or the tissues of the graft/scaffold. In addition, such collagen-based solutions are not counted as economically feasible approaches due to their high production cost. In recent years, incorporation of marine algae in synthetic polymers has been considered as an alternative method for preparation grafts/scaffolds since they represent abundant and cheap source of potential biopolymers. Current work aims to propose a novel composite patch prepared by blending Sargassum vulgare powders (SVP) to polylactide (PLA) as an alternative to the porcine-derived membranes. SVP-PLA composite patches were produced by using a modified solvent casting method. Following detailed material characterization to assess the cytocompatibility, human osteoblasts (HOBs) and osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) were seeded on neat PLA and SVP-PLA patches. MTT and BrdU assays indicated a greater cytocompatibility and higher proliferation for HOBs cultured on SVP-PLA composite than for those cultured on neat PLA. SaOS-2 cells cultured on SVP-PLA exhibited a significant decrease in cell proliferation. The composite patch described herein exhibits an antiproliferative effect against SaOS-2 cells without impairing HOBs' adhesion and proliferation

In-vitro Untersuchung der Biokompatibilität neuartiger Algenmembranen zur Versorgung knöcherner Defekte des Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtsbereiches

Membranen finden in der Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie und in der Parodontologie vielfältige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Zum Beispiel als GBR- oder GTR-Membran zur Versorgung knöcherner Defekte. Neuartige Algenmembranen könnten eine Alternative zu resorbierbaren Kollagenmembranen tierischer Herkunft darstellen. Für die Herstellung, der in dieser Studie verwendeten Algenmembranen, wurden PLA und Algenpulver (MAP) vermischt und in Form von Membranen gepresst. Bei denen für die Studie verwendeten Algenarten handelt es sich um Corallina elongata (Typ I), Galaxaura oblongata (Typ II), Cystoseira compressa (Typ III), Sargassum vulgare (Typ IV) und Stypopodium schimperi (Typ V). Für die Biokompatibilitätsuntersuchungen erfolgte die Durchführung der Viabilitätstests WST- und MTT, des Proliferationstest BrdU, der FDA/PI-Färbung und der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie. Bei den untersuchten Zelllinien handelt es sich um Fibroblasten, Osteosarkomazellen und Osteoblasten. Es wurden jeweils vier Zeitpunkte (6h, 12h, 24h und 72h) untersucht. Als Referenzmembran diente die Kollagenmembran BioGide ® (Fa. Geistlich, Wolhusen, Schweiz) und als Negativkontrolle Cover Slids aus Glas. Die Biokompatibilitätsuntersuchungen zeigten allesamt eine ausreichende Biokompatibilität. Teils konnten proliferative Effekte einzelner Algenarten, vor allem des Typs IV, auf die Fibroblasten und Osteoblasten beobachtet werden sowie antiproliferative Effekte auf die Osteosarkomazellen

Early osteoblastic activity on TiO2 thin films decorated with flower-like hierarchical Au structures

Titanium alloys are the most commonly used dental and orthopedic implant materials due to their proven biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The native oxide layer (TiO(2)layer) formed on such Ti-based implants acts as the self-protecting layer against possible ion release. Increasing the oxide layer thickness further on such TiO(2)implants even opens the triggering of the osseointegration process if the oxide layer is having a certain degree of roughness, preferably higher. This work reports a novel photocatalytic patterning of sputter deposited TiO(2)layers with flower-like Au structures to enhance the early osteoblastic activity. The prepared hierarchical Au structures, composed of micro- and nanoscale features on the top, lead to improved number of filopodia formation. This suggest that proposed Au-TiO(2)surface may foster the cell attachment and as well as cell proliferation.Publisher's Versio