Logic Locking over TFHE for Securing User Data and Algorithms

2024 29th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), January 22-25, 2024, Incheon, Republic of KoreaThis paper proposes the application of logic locking over TFHE to protect both user data and algorithms, such as input user data and models in machine learning inference applications. With the proposed secure computation protocol algorithm evaluation can be performed distributively on honest-but-curious user computers while keeping the algorithm secure. To achieve this, we combine conventional logic locking for untrusted foundries with TFHE to enable secure computation. By encrypting the logic locking key using TFHE, the key is secured with the degree of TFHE. We implemented the proposed secure protocols for combinational logic neural networks and decision trees using LUT-based obfuscation. Regarding the security analysis, we subjected them to the SAT attack and evaluated their resistance based on the execution time. We successfully configured the proposed secure protocol to be resistant to the SAT attack in all machine learning benchmarks. Also, the experimental result shows that the proposed secure computation involved almost no TFHE runtime overhead in a test case with thousands of gates

Dynamic nuclear polarization and Knight shift measurements in a breakdown regime of integer quantum Hall effect

Nuclear spins are polarized electrically in a breakdown regime of an odd-integer quantum Hall effect (QHE). Electron excitation to the upper Landau subband with the opposite spin polarity flips nuclear spins through the hyperfine interaction. The polarized nuclear spins reduce the spin-splitting energy and accelerate the QHE breakdown. The Knight shift of the nuclear spins is also measured by tuning electron density during the irradiation of radio-frequency magnetic fields.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, EP2DS-1

Image Recognition Method to Measure Angular Velocity from Movement of a Back of Hand for Safety Education

　人的要因の事故を防止する為，仮想現実感を利用した訓練の実現が期待されている．仮想環境での訓練の利点は実環境に近い環境で訓練できる点にある．しかし，プラント内で基本操作であるバルブの操作をシステムへ伝えるユーザ・インタフェース（UIと省略）は現在なく，実環境に即した訓練ができない問題がある． 　そこで本研究では，仮想環境におけるバルブ開操作訓練を実現するバルブ操作UI開発のため，バルブの丸ハンドルの回転速度を測定する画像認識手法を提案する．本手法はバルブの丸ハンドルを回す手から取得した光学的自然特徴点を利用する．本バルブ開操作UIはPC，Webカメラといった一般的な製品を用い平易に実現できる利点がある． 　本手法は，評価実験で22.5-90deg/sを測定できる事を確認できたため，発火危険を想定したバルブ操作訓練のためのUIに適用できる事が明らかとなった．　The realization of training of virtual reality is expected to prevent the accidents caused by human factor. The benefits of training in virtual environment is a realization of training in a simulated real environment. However, there is a problem that a trainee cannot train in the simulated real environment because there is no user interface （UI） to transmit the valve operations which is basic manipulation in the industrial plant to the training system. In this study, we propose an image recognition method for developing a valve manipulation UI which aims to realize the training of valve opening manipulation in virtual environment. The method to measure the angular velocity of the circular handle of a valve utilizes the optical natural feature points obtained from the hand turning the handle. The advantage of our valve manipulation UI is that the UI can construct easily by popular products such as PC, web camera. Our method was revealed to be able to be applied to the UI of training system for worker to train valve operating manipulation which assumed fire risk because it can measure the velocity of 22.5～90 deg/s

Constraining dark matter annihilation with HSC Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

Searches for dark matter annihilation signals have been carried out in a number of target regions such as the Galactic Center and Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), among a few others. Here we propose low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) asnovel targets for the indirect detection of dark matter emission. In particular, LSBGs are known to have very large dark matter contents and be less contaminated by extragalactic gamma-ray sources (e.g., blazars) compared to star forming galaxies. We report on an analysis that uses eight LSBGs (detected by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey data) with known redshifts to conduct a search for gamma-ray emission at the positions of these new objects in Fermi Large Area Telescope data. We found no excesses of gamma-ray emission and set constraints on the dark matter annihilation cross-section. We exclude (at the 95% C.L.) dark matter scenarios predicting a cross-section higher than 10^-23[cm^3/s] for dark matter particles of mass 10 GeV self-annihilating in the b_b channel. Although this constraint is weaker than the ones reported in recent studies using other targets, we note that in the near future, the number of detections of new LSBGs will increase by a few orders of magnitude. We forecast that with the use of the full catalog of soon-to-be-detected LSBGs the constraint will reach cross-section sensitivities of ~ 3*10^-25 [cm^3/s] for dark matter particles with masses less than 10 GeV.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, accepted to JCA

Meticulous closure of collateral vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura to control intraoperative bleeding during lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension

Background: Massive blood transfusion compensating hemorrhage during lung transplantation (LT) results in primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and worse outcomes after LT. Collateral vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura could be the source of hemorrhage during LT in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of closure with hemoclips of the vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura on the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage and outcomes after LT in patients with PH. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 80 patients who underwent LT, including 13 patients with primary PH, 29 patients with secondary PH, and 38 patients with non-PH. Results: The median number of hemoclips was significantly higher in the primary PH group than in the non-PH group (P=0.0045) or secondary PH group (P=0.0060). The intraoperative blood loss, transfusion volume, maximum PGD grade, and the 30-day and 90-day mortality rates in the primary PH group were equivalent to those in the other two groups. Conclusions: Meticulous closure of collateral vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura during LT in patients with primary PH allowed intraoperative hemorrhage to be controlled and might be associated with acceptable mortality rate in these patients similar to that of LT in patients with other diseases

SIRT1 negatively regulates the expression of Prl2C3,a senescence-associated protein

SIRT1 is a mammalian homologue of yeast longevity protein Sir2. SIRT1 deacetylates transcription factors, cofactors, and histones in an NAD+-dependent manner, and promotes cell survival, anti-oxidative function, and DNA repair. Although some studies have indicated that SIRT1 is involved in longevity, the function of SIRT1 for preventing aging and senescence is still unclear. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we found that SIRT1 expression decreased by aging and IRT1 reciprocally regulated the expression level of Prl2C3, one of the prolactin-like peptides. In young MEFs, purified Prl2C3 inhibited the growth and increased the number of senescence-associated β galactosidase-positive cells with enlarged and flattened shapes. Moreover, immunostaining of human skin sections showed the expression of Prl2C3 in the basal cells of the epidermis. These results indicate that SIRT1 negatively regulates a senescence-associated protein rl2C3