Kualitas Minyak Goreng Habis Pakai Ditinjau dari Bilangan Peroksida, Bilangan Asam dan Kadar Air

There are habits to reuse cooking oil that for main reason of cost saving. Reusing cooking oil might be problem for health.This research aimed to study the number of peroxide number, acid value, free fatty acid, and water content of light and dark brown reused cooking oil. The quality of oil were compared to The National Standard of Indonesia (SNI 01-3741-2002) Edible Oil Quality. Peroxide number was determined by iodometric methods, free fatty acid level and acid value by alkali titration (KOH/NaOH), and water content by gravimetric methods. The oil sample were light and dark brown reused cooking oil and new packaged oil. The oil that, use as standard reference, was new packaged oil. Each oil was analyzed three times. Reuse cooking oil was got from food vendor in Bogor. The results showed that the mean of peroxide number, acid value, free fatty acid level and water content of the black colour of reused cooking oil were 7.89 O2/100g; 1.46 mg KOH/g; 0.64% and 0.61% w/w respectively. The brown colour oil were 5.15 O2/100g; 0.94 mg KOH/g; 0.41% and 0.79% w/w respectively. These light and dark brown reused cooking oils did not comply with SNI 01-3741-2002, therefore they are not suitable to be used for cooking

Physiochemical properties of alkali treated kappa - carrageenan

Kappa (k)-carrageenan was extracted from the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, grown in Fiji, using varying concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution: 0.1 to 0.5 M. Increasing KOH concentration increased the yield of -carrageenan while the sulfate content, and the viscosity average molar mass decreased. -carrageenan solutions exhibited non-Newtonian fluid behavior. For the different alkali (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 & 0.5 M) treated -carrageenan, the critical gelling concentration was found to be 1.0, 0.8, 0.7 & 0.6 w/v % respectively at ambient temperature within 24 hrs. The activation energy of the viscous flow was found to decrease for the -carrageenan extracted with increasing alkali concentration. Young’s modulus was found to increase for the -carrageenan gels extracted with increasing alkali concentration up to 0. 3 M after which a sharp decline in gel strength was observed. The melting temperature determined from Differential Scanning Calorimetry increased for gels extracted with higher KOH concentration

Method of cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol and other water soluble resins

A self supporting sheet structure comprising a water soluble, noncrosslinked polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol which is capable of being crosslinked by reaction with hydrogen atom radicals and hydroxyl molecule radicals is contacted with an aqueous solution having a pH of less than 8 and containing a dissolved salt in an amount sufficient to prevent substantial dissolution of the noncrosslinked polymer in the aqueous solution. The aqueous solution is then irradiated with ionizing radiation to form hydrogen atom radicals and hydroxyl molecule radicals and the irradiation is continued for a time sufficient to effect crosslinking of the water soluble polymer to produce a water insoluble polymer sheet structure. The method has particular application in the production of battery separators and electrode envelopes for alkaline batteries

Assessment of KOH and NaOH Catalysed Biodiesel from Melon Seed Oil

In this study, the comparative analysis of KOH and NaOH catalysts (used separately and combined in equal proportion) during the trans-esterification of melon seed oil was investigated. The major effects and interactions of four variables (methanol/oil mole ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time) on the yield of biodiesel were studied. The results showed that, under the same experimental conditions, KOH catalyzed trans-esterification produced the highest biodiesel yield, followed by NaOH catalyzed process and then trans-esterification process involving a mixture of the two catalysts (in equal proportion). KOH catalysed process gave optimum conditions of 6.11 methanol/oil mole ratio, KOH concentration of 1.20 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 50 _C, reaction time of 83 minutes and optimum yield of 80.7%. NaOH catalysed process gave optimum conditions of 6.20 methanol/oil mole ratio, NaOH concentration of 1.19 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 52 _C, reaction time of 83 minutes and optimum yield of 77.9%. While the process involving the mixture of the two catalysts gave optimum conditions of 6.08 methanol/oil mole ratio, catalyst concentration of 1.05 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 56 _C, reaction time of 85 minutes and optimum yield of 76.2%. Material balance carried out on the three categories of analysis favoured KOH trans-esterification process and the suitability of the biodiesel yield models obtained in these three categories was justified by high R2 values of 0.9489, 0.9631 and 0.9605 respectively

Analisis Energi Dispersif dan Uji Kapasitansi Karbon Aktif Sabut Pinang (Areca Catechu L) Sebagai Elektroda Kapasitor

Tanaman pinang termasuk jenis palma yang belum banyak dikembangkan pemanfaatannya saat ini pemanfaatannya hanya untuk bahan makanan, pewarna kain dan obat-obatan. Pada tanaman pinang terdapat sabut pinang yang memiliki senyawa selulosa yang cukup besar mencapai 40% menjadikan sabut pinang sebagai karbon aktif dalam pembuatan elektroda kapasitor dengan bantuan aktivasi fisika dan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi aktivator terhadap karakterisasi karbon aktif dan untuk mengetahui nilai kapasitansi elektroda kapasitor. Penelitian ini menggunakan KOH dengan konsentrasi 1 M, 3 M, 5 M dengan tiga karekterisasi yaitu EDX, UV-Vis dan Kapasitansi Meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karbon aktif yang paling banyak terdapat pada pada sampel aktivasi fisika sebesar 38,47 % : KOH 5 M 36,64 % : KOH 3 M 26,41 % : KOH 1 M 20,13 % . Luas permukaan karbon aktif aktivasi fisika 13,01 g : KOH 1 M 14,51 g, : KOH 3 M 14,52 g dan KOH 5 M 14,53 g. Luas permukaan karbon aktif mempengaruhi besar nilai kapasitansi, 0,93F, 1,19F, 1,81 F dan 2,00F

Advanced inorganic separators for alkaline batteries

A flexible, porous battery separator comprising a coating applied to a porous, flexible substrate is described. The coating comprises: (1) a thermoplastic rubber-based resin which is insoluble and unreactive in the alkaline electrolyte; (2) a polar organic plasticizer which is reactive with the alkaline electrolyte to produce a reaction product which contains a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxylic acid group; and (3) a mixture of polar particulate filler materials which are unreactive with the electrolyte, the mixture comprising at least one first filler material having a surface area of greater than 25 meters sq/gram, at least one second filler material having a surface area of 10 to 25 sq meters/gram, wherein the volume of the mixture of filler materials is less than 45% of the total volume of the fillers and the binder, the filler surface area per gram of binder is about 20 to 60 sq meters/gram, and the amount of plasticizer is sufficient to coat each filler particle. A method of forming the battery separator is also described

In-situ cross linking of polyvinyl alcohol

A method of producing a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol structure, such as a battery separator membrane or electrode envelope is described. An aqueous solution of a film-forming polyvinyl alcohol is admixed with an aldehyde crosslinking agent a basic pH to inhibit crosslinking. The crosslinking agent, perferably a dialdehyde such as glutaraldehyde, is used in an amount of from about 1/2 to about 20% of the theoretical amount required to crosslink all of the hydroxyl groups of the polymer. The aqueous admixture is formed into a desired physical shape, such as by casting a sheet of the solution. The sheet is then dried to form a self-supporting film. Crosslinking is then effected by immersing the film in aqueous acid solution. The resultant product has excellent properties for use as a battery separator

Comparison of Standard and Heart-pacer Type 3rd Electrodes in Design Variable Cells

Nine packs of sealed aerospace nickel cadmium cells were put on life test in February 1979. Each 5 cell pack contained one cell with a standard sensor signal electrode and one cell with a new heart pacer sensor signal electrode. Testing was discontinued in May 1983 and the signal electrode performance data was studied. It was found that the heart pacer electrode generally provided a greater voltage swing over a cycle; that both types of electrodes lost significant sensitivity during life, and that both types of electrodes show great signal variation from cell to cell

REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY USING LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS

Limited resources, CO2 debate and protection of our environment are subjects of public discussion nowadays. There is a consensus that the efficient use of energy will be one of the challenges with the highest priority in the future. From building services engineering to passenger and freight transport – there will be significant changes in all areas of daily life