4,019 research outputs found
Hole density dependence of effective mass, mobility and transport time in strained Ge channel modulation-doped heterostructures
We performed systematic low-temperature (T = 350 mK–15 K) magnetotransport measurements on the two-dimensional hole gas with various sheet carrier densities Ps = (0.57–2.1)×1012 cm–2 formed in the strained Ge channel modulation-doped (MOD) SiGe heterostructures grown on Si substrates. It was found that the effective hole mass deduced by temperature dependent Shubnikov–de Hass oscillations increased monotonically from (0.087±0.05)m0 to (0.19±0.01)m0 with the increase of Ps, showing large band nonparabolicity in strained Ge. In contrast to this result, the increase of the mobility with increasing Ps (up to 29 000 cm2/V s) was observed, suggesting that Coulomb scattering played a dominant role in the transport of the Ge channel at low temperatures. In addition, the Dingle ratio of the transport time to the quantum lifetime was found to increase with increasing Ps, which was attributed to the increase of remote impurity scattering with the increase of the doping concentration in MOD SiGe layers
Extremely high room-temperature two-dimensional hole gas mobility in Ge/Si0.33Ge0.67/Si(001) p-type modulation-doped heterostructures
To extract the room-temperature drift mobility and sheet carrier density of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) that form in Ge strained channels of various thicknesses in Ge/Si0.33Ge0.67/Si(001) p-type modulation-doped heterostructures, the magnetic field dependences of the magnetoresistance and Hall resistance at temperature of 295 K were measured and the technique of maximum entropy mobility spectrum analysis was applied. This technique allows a unique determination of mobility and sheet carrier density of each group of carriers present in parallel conducting multilayers semiconductor heterostructures. Extremely high room-temperature drift mobility (at sheet carrier density) of 2DHG 2940 cm2 V–1 s–1 (5.11×1011 cm–2) was obtained in a sample with a 20 nm thick Ge strained channel
Effects of general and locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcome for in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis.
The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate prospective trials of general or locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcomes (cleavage and pregnancy rate) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of 115 published studies retrieved from a search of articles indexed on MEDLINE from 1966 to February 1999, four studies with distinct general and locoregional anesthesia were deemed eligible for meta- analysis. The pooled relative risk and odds ratios were calculated. A test for homogeneity was also performed. The pooled log odds ratio was 1.03 (95% CI 0.90-1.18) in cleavage rate and 0.71 (95% CI 0.47-1.08) in pregnancy rate. Heterogeneity was negative. Cleavage and pregnancy rates were not significantly different in both the general anesthesia and locoregional anesthesia groups. Both anesthetic techniques were favorable to IVF procedure by available published evidence when anesthesia was needed
Second best toll and capacity optimisation in network: solution algorithm and policy implications
This paper looks at the first and second-best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second-best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second-best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network
Influence of operating parameters on the biodegradation of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds during biological wastewater treatment processes
This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for
publication in Environmental Science & Technology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer
review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es901612v.This study investigated operational factors influencing the removal of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds in two sewage treatment works, one a nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge plant and the other a nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge plant with phosphorus removal. Removal efficiencies of >90% for steroid estrogens and for longer chain nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP4−12EO) were observed at both works, which had equal sludge ages of 13 days. However, the biological activity in terms of milligrams of estrogen removed per day per tonne of biomass was found to be 50−60% more efficient in the nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge works compared to the works which additionally incorporated phosphorus removal. A temperature reduction of 6 °C had no impact on the removal of free estrogens, but removal of the conjugated estrone-3-sulfate was reduced by 20%. The apparent biomass sorption (LogKp) values were greater in the nitrifying/denitrifying works than those in the nitrifying/denitrifying works with phosphorus removal for both steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds possibly indicating a different cell surface structure and therefore microbial population. The difference in biological activity (mg tonne−1 d−1) identified in this study, of up to seven times, suggests that there is the potential for enhancing the removal of estrogens and nonylphenols if more detailed knowledge of the factors responsible for these differences can be identified and maximized, thus potentially improving the quality of receiving waters.Public Utilities Board (Singapore), Anglian Water Ltd, Severn Trent Water Ltd, Thames Water Utilities Ltd, United Utilities 393 Plc and Yorkshire Water Services
Malaysian macroalga Padina australis Hauck attenuates high dose corticosterone-mediated oxidative damage in PC12 cells mimicking the effects of depression
Oxidative damage has been associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Macroalgae are equipped with antioxidant defense system to counteract the effects of free radicals. We explored the use of Malaysian Padina australis to attenuate high dose corticosterone-mediated oxidative damage in a cellular model mimicking depression. Fresh specimen of P. australis was freeze-dried and extracted sequentially with hexanes, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The extracts were screened for their phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. Ethanol extract demonstrated the most potent antioxidant capacity and was selected for subsequent assays against high dose corticosterone of 600 µM-mediated oxidative damage in the rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The corticosterone reduced the cell viability, glutathione (GSH) level, aconitase activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); and increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis. However, the extent of oxidative damage was reversed by 0.25–0.5 mg/mL ethanol extract suggesting a possible role of P. australis-based antioxidants in the mitochondrial defense against constant ROS generation and regulation of antioxidant pathway. The effects were similar to that of desipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant. Our findings indicate that P. australis can be developed as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant to mitigate antidepressant-like effects
Vortex loop operators, M2-branes and holography
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/archiveprefix: arXiv primaryclass: hep-th reportnumber: HU-EP-08-43 slaccitation: %%CITATION = ARXIV:0810.4344;%%archiveprefix: arXiv primaryclass: hep-th reportnumber: HU-EP-08-43 slaccitation: %%CITATION = ARXIV:0810.4344;%
Skin Lesion Analyser: An Efficient Seven-Way Multi-Class Skin Cancer Classification Using MobileNet
Skin cancer, a major form of cancer, is a critical public health problem with
123,000 newly diagnosed melanoma cases and between 2 and 3 million non-melanoma
cases worldwide each year. The leading cause of skin cancer is high exposure of
skin cells to UV radiation, which can damage the DNA inside skin cells leading
to uncontrolled growth of skin cells. Skin cancer is primarily diagnosed
visually employing clinical screening, a biopsy, dermoscopic analysis, and
histopathological examination. It has been demonstrated that the dermoscopic
analysis in the hands of inexperienced dermatologists may cause a reduction in
diagnostic accuracy. Early detection and screening of skin cancer have the
potential to reduce mortality and morbidity. Previous studies have shown Deep
Learning ability to perform better than human experts in several visual
recognition tasks. In this paper, we propose an efficient seven-way automated
multi-class skin cancer classification system having performance comparable
with expert dermatologists. We used a pretrained MobileNet model to train over
HAM10000 dataset using transfer learning. The model classifies skin lesion
image with a categorical accuracy of 83.1 percent, top2 accuracy of 91.36
percent and top3 accuracy of 95.34 percent. The weighted average of precision,
recall, and f1-score were found to be 0.89, 0.83, and 0.83 respectively. The
model has been deployed as a web application for public use at
(https://saketchaturvedi.github.io). This fast, expansible method holds the
potential for substantial clinical impact, including broadening the scope of
primary care practice and augmenting clinical decision-making for dermatology
specialists.Comment: This is a pre-copyedited version of a contribution published in
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Hassanien A., Bhatnagar R.,
Darwish A. (eds) published by Chaturvedi S.S., Gupta K., Prasad P.S. The
definitive authentication version is available online via
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3383-9_1
Effective action of three-dimensional extended supersymmetric matter on gauge superfield background
We study the low-energy effective actions for gauge superfields induced by
quantum N=2 and N=4 supersymmetric matter fields in three-dimensional Minkowski
space. Analyzing the superconformal invariants in the N=2 superspace we propose
a general form of the N=2 gauge invariant and superconformal effective action.
The leading terms in this action are fixed by the symmetry up to the
coefficients while the higher order terms with respect to the Maxwell field
strength are found up to one arbitrary function of quasi-primary N=2
superfields constructed from the superfield strength and its covariant spinor
derivatives. Then we find this function and the coefficients by direct quantum
computations in the N=2 superspace. The effective action of N=4 gauge multiplet
is obtained by generalizing the N=2 effective action.Comment: 1+27 pages; v2: minor corrections, references adde
Microstructure and pinning properties of hexagonal-disc shaped single crystalline MgB2
We synthesized hexagonal-disc-shaped MgB2 single crystals under high-pressure
conditions and analyzed the microstructure and pinning properties. The lattice
constants and the Laue pattern of the crystals from X-ray micro-diffraction
showed the crystal symmetry of MgB2. A thorough crystallographic mapping within
a single crystal showed that the edge and c-axis of hexagonal-disc shape
exactly matched the (10-10) and the (0001) directions of the MgB2 phase. Thus,
these well-shaped single crystals may be the best candidates for studying the
direction dependences of the physical properties. The magnetization curve and
the magnetic hysteresis for these single crystals showed the existence of a
wide reversible region and weak pinning properties, which supported our single
crystals being very clean.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. submitted to Phys. Rev.
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