15 research outputs found

    L’OCTROI DES MICROCREDITS EN CÔTE D’IVOIRE: LE DEFI DE LA CONFIANCE ENTRE PRÊTEURS ET EMPRUNTEURS DANS UN CONTEXTE DE FRAGILITE POLITIQUE ET ECONOMIQUE

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    This article shows that the scarcity of loans in the post-conflict context in CĂŽte d’Ivoire is linked to the fall of the level of trust between the Institutions of Micro-finance and the borrowers. Most Institutions of Micro-finance practice under a form or under other one the individual loan and/or the collective loan called «credit of united deposit». Principally founded on a high supply of trust, this form of credit implicates, in principle, a less rigid control due to the collective commitment to reimburse the loan. But the sociopolitical crisis crossed by CĂŽte d’Ivoire eroded the degree of trust between the Institutions of Micro-finance and the borrowers and made more difficult the access of the groups of joint and several guarantee to the microcredits

    Variation saisonniùre des paramùtres abiotiques de la lagune Aghien (Cîte d’Ivoire)

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    Objectifs: Les autoritĂ©s dans la quĂȘte d’une source d’eau complĂ©mentaire pour alimenter en eau potable la population d’Abidjan (CĂŽte d’Ivoire) sans cesse croissante ont envisagĂ© exploiter la lagune Aghien. Ce prĂ©sent travail a pour objectif d’amĂ©liorer les connaissances sur la variation spatiale et saisonniĂšre des paramĂštres abiotiques de la lagune Aghien.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: Pour atteindre ce but, quatre campagnes d’échantillonnages ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es. Ainsi, les Ă©chantillons d’eau ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s de maniĂšre saisonniĂšre dans onze (11) stations reparties sur l’ensemble de la lagune. Les paramĂštres tels que la tempĂ©rature, le pH, la conductivitĂ©, l’oxygĂšne dissous, le potentiel redox ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s in situ. La matiĂšre en suspension, le phosphate, le nitrate, le nitrite, l’ammonium, la demande chimique en oxygĂšne (DCO) et la demande biochimique en oxygĂšne cinq jours (DBO5) ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s selon les mĂ©thodes conventionnelles ou au laboratoire. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les eaux de la lagune Aghien prĂ©sentent un pH en gĂ©nĂ©ral proche du pH neutre (pH entre 6,94 et 7,85). Les teneurs en Plomb sont supĂ©rieures Ă  la norme. Les concentrations Ă©levĂ©es du plomb dans la lagune Aghien constituent donc un danger potentiel. L’analyse saisonniĂšre a donnĂ© des valeurs Ă©levĂ©es en ammonium, en phosphate, en nitrite, en DCO, en DBO5, en conductivitĂ©, en oxygĂšne dissous respectivement en petite et grande saison des pluies ainsi que de faibles valeurs de potentiel redox pendant la petite saison pluvieuse. Les paramĂštres tels que les MES, la turbiditĂ© et le nitrate enregistrent des valeurs plus marquĂ©es en petite saison sĂšche.Conclusions et application des rĂ©sultats: Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude montrent que les eaux de la lagune Aghien sont menacĂ©es par les effluents domestiques Ă  caractĂšre biodĂ©gradable. Les concentrations en sels nutritifs sont encore dans la limite de l’acceptabilitĂ©. Cependant, les zones sous influence continentale ont enregistrĂ© les concentrations les plus Ă©levĂ©es des paramĂštres de pollution. Il est nĂ©cessaire de mettre en place un mĂ©canisme de surveillance chimique en respectant toutes les normes de protection de la lagune Aghien.Mots clĂ©s: Lagune Aghien-paramĂštres abiotiques- saison-pollutionEnglish Title: Seasonal variation of the abiotic parameters of the waters of the Aghien lagoon (CĂŽte d’Ivoire)English AbstractObjectives: The government seeking to provide the population of Abidjan with clean water apply, envisioned to exploit the Aghien lagoon as a supplement source of water. The aim of this work is to improve the knowledge on the spatial and seasonal variation of the abiotic parameters of the Aghien lagoon.Methodology and results: Four sampling campaigns were conducted on a seasonal basis from February to November 2016 in eleven (11) stations spread over the lagoon. Parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, redox potential were measured in situ and suspended solids, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand five days (BOD5) by conventional chemical methods. The results showed that the waters of the Aghien lagoon have a pH generally close to the neutral pH (pH between 6.94 and 7.85). The heavy metal studies are mainly absent in the water. The quantity of plumb is higher than normal. So the higher concentration of plumb in the Aghien lagoon constitutes a potential danger. Seasonal analysis yielded high values of ammonium, phosphate, nitrite, COD, BOD5 and conductivity, oxygen dissolved respectively in small and large rainy season as well as low values of redox potential during the short rainy season. Parameters such as suspended solids, turbidity and nitrate recorded higher values in the short dry season.Conclusion and applications of results: The results of this study also show that the waters of the Aghien lagoon are threatened by domestic biodegradable effluents. Concentrations of nutrient salts are still within the limits of acceptability. However, areas under continental influence have recorded the highest concentrations of pollution parameters. It is necessary to set up a chemical monitoring mechanism respecting all the protection standards of the Aghien lagoon.Keywords: Aghien lagoon, abiotic parameters, clean water, heavy meta

    State of Knowledge on Beekeeping Practices in CĂŽte d'Ivoire in the Face of Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of Climate Change

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    Beekeeping plays an important role in socio-economic development and environmental conservation. This sector is developing in Cîte d'Ivoire even if it is an ancient practice. Based on available scientific data, this study aims to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties faced by this sector and to contribute to its sustainable development in the current context of climate change. Cîte d'Ivoire’s honey is of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains, minerals, etc. A part Apis mellifera, other species of bees are present and could be used in keeping. Despite favorable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Cîte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy caused by several challenges: Environmental conditions, lack of training of beekeepers, and weak commitment of stakeholders. To modernize the sector, we need to combine the efforts of the authorities, take into account the recommendations of scientific publications, and encourage the population to understand the importance of preserving plants and bees by practicing modern beekeeping

    State of Knowledge on Beekeeping in CĂŽte d'Ivoire: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Productivity of the Sector in the Context of Climate Change

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    The beekeeping sector in CĂŽte d'Ivoire is developing. Honey gathering, traditional beekeeping and modern beekeeping are widespread in the centre and north of the country. They enable the populations of these areas to diversify and increase their income, and to cure certain benign diseases. CĂŽte d'Ivoire honeys are of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains and minerals. Despite favourable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in CĂŽte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy, with the aim of increasing honey production. The population of CĂŽte d'Ivoire does not keep bees and is more interested in cash crops than beekeeping. The aim of this study is to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential on the basis of available scientific data. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties facing the sector in terms of sustainable development.&nbsp

    State of Knowledge on Beekeeping in CĂŽte d'Ivoire: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Productivity of the Sector in the Context of Climate Change

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    The beekeeping sector in CĂŽte d'Ivoire is developing. Honey gathering, traditional beekeeping and modern beekeeping are widespread in the centre and north of the country. They enable the populations of these areas to diversify and increase their income, and to cure certain benign diseases. CĂŽte d'Ivoire honeys are of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains and minerals. Despite favourable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in CĂŽte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy, with the aim of increasing honey production. The population of CĂŽte d'Ivoire does not keep bees and is more interested in cash crops than beekeeping. The aim of this study is to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential on the basis of available scientific data. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties facing the sector in terms of sustainable development.&nbsp

    Évaluation de la diversitĂ© et de la charge parasitaire des lacs de la ville de Yamoussoukro en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Objectif: Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  caractĂ©riser les parasites des eaux des lacs de Yamoussoukro et d’étudier les risques sanitaires dans la rĂ©utilisation de ces eaux usĂ©es afin d'en tirer les consĂ©quences Ă©pidĂ©miologiques.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Vingt-huit Ă©chantillons d’eaux rĂ©siduaires ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s dans huit lacs de Yamoussoukro Ă  partir de rĂ©cipients stĂ©riles. La mĂ©thode de Bailenger a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour la mise en Ă©vidence des parasites. La reconnaissance spĂ©cifique et le dĂ©nombrement des parasites ont Ă©tĂ© faits Ă  l’aide d’un microscope optique. Les prĂ©valences observĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©es entre lacs et par espĂšce de parasite.Au total, 13 espĂšces de parasites: Ankylostoma sp., StrongyloĂŻde sp., Ascaris sp., Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Capillaria sp., Ascaridia galli, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia sp., Hymenolepis diminuta., Entamoeba coli., Entamoeba histolytica et les larves de Strongles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©es dans les eaux des huit lacs investiguĂ©s Ă  Yamoussoukro. Les oeufs d’helminthes sont quasi-prĂ©sents dans tous les lacs investiguĂ©s avec des charges parasitaires variables. Trois espĂšces ont donnĂ© des charges parasitaires trĂšs Ă©levĂ©es : L’espĂšce Ankylostoma sp a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e dans tous les lacs. Les StrongyloĂŻdes et les Ascaris sp prĂ©sentaient des prĂ©valences de 100 % et 87,5 % respectivement. Au niveau des lacs investiguĂ©s, lacs, le lac N° 5 Ă©tait le plus parasitĂ© avec une prĂ©valence de 100 % sur l’ensemble des parasites, ensuite viennent les lacs N°1, 6 et 8 (69,2 %) puis les lacs G0, 9 et 10 (53,8 %).Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats: Les analyses parasitologiques montrent que les lacs de Yamoussoukro sont contaminĂ©s par des parasites d’importances mĂ©dicales. L’infestation de ces eaux en agents pathogĂšnes interdit leur usage en agriculture ce qui n’est pas couramment observĂ© sur le terrain.Mots clĂ©s: Parasites, lacs, eaux rĂ©siduaires, Yamoussoukro, CĂŽte d’IvoireEnglish AbstractObjectives: Water, source of life is essential for all living beings. After its use, the water is loaded in various elements modifying its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One of the most serious environmental problems is the problem of sanitation. Indeed, human activity leads to the production of wastewater discharged daily into the wild.Methodology and results: Twenty-eight waste water samples were collected from eight Yamoussoukro lakes from sterile containers. The method of Bailenger was used for the detection of parasites. The specific recognition and enumeration of the parasites was done using an optical microscope Prevalences observed were compared between lakes and by parasite species. A total of 13 species of parasites: Ankylostoma sp., StrongyloĂŻd sp., Ascaris sp., Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Capillaria sp., Ascaridia galli, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia sp., Hymenolepis diminuta., Entamoeba coli., Entamoeba histolytica et les larves de Strongles were detected in the waters of Yamoussoukro lakes. Helminth eggs are almost present in all investigated lakes with variable parasite loads. Three species gave very high parasite loads: The species Ankylostoma sp was found in all lakes. Strongyloids and Ascaris sp had prevalence rates of 100 % and 87.5 %, respectively. At the level of the parasite load of the lakes, Lake N ° 5 was the most parasitized with a prevalence of 100 % on all the parasites, then the lakes N ° 1, 6 and 8 (69,2 %) then the Lakes G0, 9 and 10 (53.8 %).Conclusion and application of results: Parasitological analysis show that Yamoussoukro lakes are contaminated by parasites of medical importance. The infestation of these waters with pathogens prohibits their use in agriculture, which is not commonly observed in the field.Keywords: Parasites, lakes, wastewater, Yamoussoukro, CĂŽte d’Ivoir

    Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds from Terminalia ivoiriensis using liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy

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    Terminalia ivoriensis A. Chev. (Combretaceae) is an Ivorian medicinal plant. There is little ethnobotanical and almost no chemical information available for this species. The aim of this study was to isolate phenolic compounds from T. ivoriensis. In this way, its ethyl acetate extract (Ea) was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography followed by Sephadex LH20 filtration. Elution solvents were methanol (MeOH), methylene chloride (Mc) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). Analysis of the obtained fractions (F1-F4) by liquid chromatography coupled to positive electro-spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) afforded six known polyphenols: 1) 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid); 2) 3,7,8-tri-O-methylellagic acid; 3) Progallin A; 4) 3,3',4-O-Trimethyl-4'-O-ÎČ-Dglucopyranosylellagic acid; 5) Punicalagin and, 6) Punicalin. All these natural products were isolated here for the first time from this plant. They presented various biological activities among which were anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-HIV activities.Keywords: Terminalia, ivoriensis, LC-ESI-MS, isolation, characterization, polyphenols, activity, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HIV.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(27), pp. 4393-439

    Evaluation de la Contamination Chimique des Eaux Souterraines par les Activités Anthropiques : Cas de la Zone d'Ity-Floleu Sous-Préfecture de Zouan- Hounien, Ouest de la CÎte d'Ivoire

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    L’objectif de cette Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© saisonniĂšre des eaux souterraines afin d’expliquer l’origine de leur pollution dans le dĂ©partement Zouan-Hounien. Les paramĂštres physico-chimiques in situ (tempĂ©rature, conductivitĂ©, total des sels dissous, salinitĂ©, pH, potentiel redox, turbiditĂ© et oxygĂšne dissous), les concentrations en Ă©lĂ©ments nutritifs (NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, SO42-), majeurs (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn et Na) et traces (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb et Zn) ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s sur deux annĂ©es successives. Les analyses physico-chimiques faites avec un multiparamĂštre montrent que les eaux sont acides avec un pH moyen de 4,96 en saison sĂšche et de 4,14 en saison pluvieuse; la conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique moyenne est de 78,14 ÎŒS.cm-1 en saison sĂšche et 48,43 ÎŒS.cm-1 en saison pluvieuse. La turbiditĂ© avec une valeur moyenne de 4,14 NTU en saison sĂšche et de 29 NTU en saison pluvieuse affecte beaucoup la qualitĂ© de ces eaux de consommation surtout en saison pluvieuse. Les teneurs en nitrates dans toutes les stations ne respectent pas les normes OMS en toute saison et celles des phosphates pendant la saison sĂšche. Les concentrations de Fe et du Pb sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieures aux normes OMS alors que celles des autres Ă©lĂ©ments le sont parfois. Le calcul de l’indice de qualitĂ© (WQI) a montrĂ© que pendant la saison sĂšche 85,7% des eaux Ă©tudiĂ©es sont impropre Ă  la boisson et pendant la saison pluvieuse 28,6%. Les analyses en Classification HiĂ©rarchique Ascendante (CHA) et en composante principale (ACP) montrent que la pollution est due aux activitĂ©s anthropiques. The objective of this study is to assess the seasonal quality of groundwater in order to explain the origin of its pollution in the Zouan- Hounien department. In-situ physico-chemical parameters (temperature, conductivity, total dissolved salts, salinity, pH, redox potential, turbidity and dissolved oxygen), nutrient concentrations (NO3 - , NO2 -, NH4 +, PO4 3-, SO4 2-), major (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Na) and traces (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured over two successive years. The physico-chemical analyses made with a multiparameter show that the waters are acidic with an average pH of 4.96 in the dry season and 4.14 in the rainy season; the average electrical conductivity is 78.14 ÎŒS.cm-1 in the dry season and 48.43 ÎŒS.cm-1 in the rainy season. Turbidity with an average value of 4.14 NTU in the dry season and 29 NTU in the wet season greatly affects the quality of this drinking water, especially in the wet season. Nitrate levels in all stations do not meet WHO standards in all seasons and phosphate levels in the dry season. The concentrations of Fe and Pb are generally higher than WHO standards, while those of other elements are sometimes higher. Calculation of the quality index (WQI) showed that during the dry season 85.7% of the water studied is unfit for drinking and during the rainy season 28.6%. The analyses in Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) show that the pollution is due to anthropogenic activities

    Effet des tĂ©guments de fĂšves de cacao sur la fertilitĂ© chimique d’un ferralsol et quelques paramĂštres de croissance du manioc, Ă  AhouĂ©, Sud-Est CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Objectif : utiliser les engrais organiques Ă  base de tĂ©guments des fĂšves de cacao pour une gestion durable des ferralsols.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Dans un dispositif expĂ©rimental en bloc de Fisher, trois traitements des tĂ©guments de fĂšves de cacao T1 (10 t.ha-1), T2 (15 t.ha-1), T3 (20 t.ha-1) et un tĂ©moin T0 (0 t.ha-1) ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place avec quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions Ă  AhouĂ©,  dans le Sud-Est de la CĂŽte  d’Ivoire. L’analyse des tĂ©guments de la fĂšve de cacao indique de fortes teneurs en phosphore total (7600 mg.kg-1), en potassium (797,95 Cmol.kg-1), en calcium (19,21 Cmol.kg-1), en magnĂ©sium (234,47 Cmol.kg-1) en carbone total (320 g.kg-1) et en azote total (18 g.kg-1) avec un rapport C/N Ă©gal Ă  17,78. Les principaux rĂ©sultats montrent quel’apport des tĂ©guments a eu des effets positifs sur l’ensemble des  caractĂ©ristiques chimiques du sol et des paramĂštres de croissance du manioc. Les valeurs obtenues du pH de la parcelle TĂ©moin T0 et des parcelles traitĂ©es avec T1, T2, T3 indiquent, respectivement, 4 ; 5,4 ; 5,5 et 5,8. Les rapports C/N de la parcelle TĂ©moin T0 et des parcelles traitĂ©es avec T1, T2, T3  donnent, respectivement, 24,33 ; 12,83 ; 12,36 et 12,16. S’agissant des teneurs de la CEC, les valeurs obtenues indiquent : 2,32 ; 7,2 ; 11,44 et 12,5 cmol.kg-1, respectivement, pour les traitements T0, T1, T2 et T3. Le plus petit indice et les petites tailles des plants de manioc ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s sur les parcelles tĂ©moin, respectivement, aprĂšs 71 et 78 jours de plantation et par contre, le plus grand indice de vigueur et les plus grandes tailles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s sur les parcelles fertilisĂ©es avec le traitement T3.Conclusion et application : L’étude prĂ©cise que l’incorporation de doses croissantes de tĂ©guments au sol influence l’ensemble des caractĂ©ristiques chimiques du sol et des paramĂštres de croissance du manioc. Les meilleurs rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus Ă  la dose de 20 t.ha-1 des tĂ©guments de fĂšves de cacao. Ce travail de recherche agronomique montre l’importance des tĂ©guments de fĂšves de cacao sur la fertilitĂ© chimique des ferralsols en vue d’accroĂźtre durablement les productions et prĂ©server  l’environnement. La dĂ©termination de la dose optimale et de l’effet combinĂ© de ces tĂ©guments avec les engrais minĂ©raux sur les sols pourrait ĂȘtre envisagĂ©e pour une gestion durable des diffĂ©rents types de sols en CĂŽte d’Ivoire.Mots clĂ©s : TĂ©guments de fĂšve de cacao, fertilitĂ© chimique, Ferralsol, Manioc, AhouĂ©, CĂŽte d’Ivoir

    CaractĂ©ristiques Physicochimiques RĂ©coltĂ©s des Miels de la Sous-PrĂ©fecture de Cechi (Dans le DĂ©partement D’Agboville, CĂŽte D’Ivoire)

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    La caractĂ©risation des miels en dĂ©veloppement d’un pays est nĂ©cessaire pour leur valorisation. Cette Ă©tude est une contribution Ă  la connaissance de la qualitĂ© des miels des forĂȘts de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Des Ă©chantillons de miel de cinq localitĂ©s de la Sous-PrĂ©fecture de Cechi (Agboville) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s. Les paramĂštres physicochimiques des miels ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s pour vĂ©rifier leur conformitĂ© aux normes du Codex alimentarius. Ces analyses ont donnĂ© les valeurs moyennes suivantes : le pH est 3,55±0,46; la conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique (σ) est 98,01±31 ÎŒS/cm, l’aciditĂ© libre est 19,50±4,47 mEq/Kg ; la densitĂ© relative est 1,42±0,07 ; la teneur en eau est de 20,2±3,11%, les cendres reprĂ©sentent 0,18±0,11% et la teneur en sucre totale est de 78,31±0,19%. La plupart de ces paramĂštres sont conformes au Codex alimentarius, Ă  l’exception des teneurs en sucres qui dĂ©passe la limite maximale acceptĂ©. Cela traduit que les miels analysĂ©s sont issus de nectar trop sucrĂ©s. The characterisation of a country's developing honeys is necessary for their valorisation. This study is a contribution of the knowledge of the Ivory Coast forests honeys quality. Honey samples from five localities of the Sub-Prefecture of Cechi (Agboville) were studied. The physicochemical parameters of the honeys were analyzed to verify their conformity to the standards of the Codex alimentarius. These analyses yielded the following average values: pH is 3.55±0.46; electrical conductivity (σ) is 98.01±31 ÎŒS/cm, free acidity is 19.50±4.47 mEq/Kg ; relative density is 1.42±0.07 ; water content is 20.2±3.11%, ash represents 0.18±0.11% and total sugar content is 78.31±0.19%. Most of these parameters are in conformity with the Codex Alimentarius, except for the sugar content which exceeds the maximum accepted limit. This means that the analyzed honeys are made from nectar with too much sugar
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