An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used in the Preparation of “Atikédi”: Local Alcoholic Beverages Commonly Consumed in Lomé Togo

Ethnobotanical relevance: Local alcoholic beverages “Atikédi” are produced in Lomé and consumed not only for pleasure but also for therapeutic purposes. They are produced out of “Sodabi”, distilled palm wine, mixed with plant organs. However, the exact composition of these beverages and the diseases they are supposed to treat are poorly documented to date in Togo. Aim of the study: To make an inventory of plants used by “Atikédi” beverages producers in Lomé. Materials and methods: Data collection was made through Semi Structured Interview. Data processing and analysis were done using Excel and Epi Info. Results: 267 outlets were identified with a predominance of stores (53.18%). 192 women and 75 men were interviewed. They belonged to 12 different ethnic groups with the majority being Ewe (127) and Ouatchi (71). Their age range varied from 25 to 70 years with an average of 42.6±7.9 years. 61 plants species were recorded belonging to 58 genera and 35 families. The most represented family was the Apocynaceae with five species followed by the Rutaceae and the Poaceae with four species each. Among 43 diseases managed by the plants, bacterial infections (ICF=0.95) and sexual weakness (ICF=0.95) were the most important pathologies. Conclusion: Producers of “Atikédi” used a wide range of medicinal plants. Pharmacological and toxicological studies of these plants will improve the quality of care provided by traditional medicine

Enquête Ethnobotanique Sur La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle De L’infertilité Féminine Dans La Région Sanitaire Des Savanes Au Togo

Introduction: The management of female infertility by the conventional medicine is very expensive and its coast is unavailable for the very poor populations. In Africa, an important recourses of medicinal plants are available for health care. Objective: The present study was led to recorder traditional remedies use to treat female infertility in the Sanitary Savannas Region of Togo. Methodology: For data collection, semi interview was used. Data were processed and analysed using ethnobotanical quantitative index. The Selection by Progressive Elimination (SPE) was essentially used for the choice of species. Results: With 51 practitioners interviewed, 79 recipes constituted by 87 species belonging to 48 botanical families were collected. Combretaceae (12,64 %) and Rubiaceae (5,7 %) were the most frequent families. Trees (36,78 %) and shrubs (27,58%) were the main ports. Roots (29,17 %) and leaves (27,5 %) were the most used parts. Recipes were prepared frequently by decoction (51,88 %) and powder (38,12%), and were principally taken orally (47,28 %) and by body bath (43,48 %). Sexually transmitted infections (STI) (143 citations) and Painful menstruations (PM) (108 citations) were the most frequent pathologies. The highest Informants consensus factors were 0,61 and 0,56 respectively for STI and PM. The most important Fidelity degrees was 25,49 % for STI related to Capsicum frutescens and Piper guineense. Related to Aframomum melegueta, Piper guineense and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides the Fidelity degree was 19,61% for PM and STI. Blighia sapida, Ganoderma colossus, Kigelia africana and Mangifera indica were selected. Conclusion: Plants with highest fidelity degree and those selected by SPE will be subjected to laboratory tests

Maize Fungal Growth Control with Scopoletin of Cassava Roots Produced in Benin

The chemical contamination of food is among the main public health issues in developing countries. With a view to find new natural bioactive products against fungi responsible for chemical contamination of staple food such as maize, the antifungal activity tests of scopoletin extracted from different components of the cassava root produced in Benin were carried out. The dosage of scopoletin from parts of the root (first skin, second skin, whole root, and flesh) was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The scopoletin extract was used to assess the activity of 12 strains (11 strains of maize and a reference strain). The presence of scopoletin was revealed in all components of the cassava root. Scopoletin extracted from the first skin cassava root was the most active both as inhibition of sporulation (52.29 to 87.91%) and the mycelial growth (36.51–80.41%). Scopoletin extract from the cassava root skins showed significant inhibitory activity on the tested strains with fungicide concentration (MFC) between 0.0125 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL. The antifungal scopoletin extracted from the cassava root skins may be well beneficial for the fungal control of the storage of maize

Enquête Ethnobotanique Sur Les Plantes Médicinales Utilisées Dans La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle Des Maladies Infectieuses Dans La Région Sanitaire Lomé-Commune Du Togo

Afin de promouvoir la Médecine traditionnelle togolaise (MTT), préserver/conserver des savoirs et savoir-faire endogènes, une enquête ethnobotanique a été menée de Mai 2018 à Juillet 2019 pour recenser les recettes de plantes aux propriétés anti-infectieuses vendues dans les marchés de la Région Sanitaire Lomé-Commune du Togo. ATRM(Achat en Triplet de Recettes Médicinales) a été la méthode de collecte des données. Les données recueillies qui portent sur les caractéristiques ethnopharmacologiques de ces recettes, ont été traitées et analysées avec des logiciels ethnobotaniques et statistiques appropriés afin de sélectionner quelques plantes pour de futurs tests de laboratoire. Cent deux (102) recettes d’association de plantes constituées par 68 espèces appartenant à 37 familles, ont été recensées. Annonaceae et Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (5 espèces chacune), Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, et Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4 espèces chacune), ont été les familles les plus représentées. Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, et Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, avec respectivement 129, 75 et 63 citations, ont été les familles dont les espèces sont plus citées. Arbres (39,71%), herbes (38,24%), arbustes (14,7%), lianes (2,94%), arbrisseaux (2,94%) et palmiers (1,47%) ont été les types biologiques d’appartenance de ces espèces. Suivant les valeurs usuelles (VU), Lannea kerstingii (VU=2,29), Bridelia ferruginea(VU=2,00) et Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides(VU=1,82) ont été les espèces plus usuelles. Ecorce de tronc (53,57%), racine (16,13%), tige feuillée (6,9%), plante entière (6,65%), fruit (6,28%), et écorce de racine (6,04%) ont été les parties les plus utilisées des espèces recensées qui sont préparées par décoction (93.14%) et macération (6,86%) puis administrées exclusivement par voie orale. Bridelia ferrugiea et Chamaechrista rotundifolia ont été sélectionnées pour de futurs tests antimicrobiens. Ces résultats illustrent la richesse de la MTT en connaissances endogènes sur les plantes aux propriétés anti-infectieuses. In order to promote traditional Togolese medicine, to preserve and conserve endogenous knowledge and expertise, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out from May 2018 to July 2019 to record the recipes of plants with anti-infectious properties sold in the markets of the Lomé-Commune Health Region of Togo. ATRM (Achat en Triplet de Recettes Médicinales) was the data collection method. The data collected about the ethnopharmacological ethnobotanical and statistical software for selection some plants for future laboratory tests. One hundred and two associations of plant’s recipes composited by 68 species belonging to 37 families were identified. Annonaceae and Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae(5 species each), Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Leguminosae-Papilionoideae(4 specie each) were the most represented families while Anacardiaceae(129 citations), Euphorbiaceae(75 citations) and Leguminosae-Mimosoideae(63 citations) were family of the most cited species. Trees(39.71%), grasses(38.24%), shrubs(14.7%), lianas(2.94%), bushes(2.94%) and palms(1.47%) were the different biological types to which these species belonged. According to the Used value(UV) Lannea kerstingii(UV=2.29), Bridelia ferruginea(UV=2.00) and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides(UV=1.82) were the most usual species. Stem bark(53.57%), root(16.13%), leafy stem(6.9%), whole plant(6.65%), fruit(6.28%), and root bark(6.04%) were the most commonly used parts of the listed species. These recipes which are prepared by decoction (93.14%) and maceration(6.86%) are administered exclusively by oral route. Bridelia ferrugiea and Chamaechrista rotundifolia were selected for laboratory tests to evaluate their antimicrobial activities in future. Conclusion: These results illustrate the richness of traditional Togolese medicine in endogenous knowledge about anti-infectious’ medicinal plants

Activité analgésique de quatre plantes utilisées dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme au Mali et au Togo

En Afrique, plusieurs personnes utilisent les plantes médicinales pour traiter l’inflammation et la douleur. L’objectif du présent travail était d’évaluer l’effet analgésique de Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Cleome viscosa Linn., Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze et Sclerocarya birrea (A. rich.) Hochst utilisées dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme au Mali et au Togo. Le matériel végétal (feuilles, rameau feuillé, écorce de tronc et partie aérienne) des espèces a été récolté au Mali et au Togo. Les extraits aqueux du matériel végétal ont été préparés pour réaliser d’une part l’analyse phytochimique à l’aide de la chromatographie sur couche mince et d’autre part l’évaluation de leur activité analgésique sur la douleur induite avec l’acide acétique chez les souris. L’analyse phytochimique a révélé que les extraits de plantes contenaient des tanins, flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes, stérols et terpènes, et des saponosides. Dans l’ensemble, toutes les plantes protègent contre la douleur. Cependant, Cymbopogon citratus et Mitragyna inermis ont présenté les meilleures protections. Les propriétés analgésiques des extraits aqueux de ces plantes ont un grand intérêt dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme.Mots clés: Plantes antipaludiques, propriétés analgésiques, Mali, Togo