Going beyond the Domestic Sphere: Women’s Literature for Children, 1856-1902

My thesis explores how female writers of the Golden Age of children’s literature used their domestic stories to convey their visions of a more desirable society to their child readers, and thus to widen their influence beyond the homely sphere. My first chapter reconsiders the nineteenth-century historical circumstances wherein the woman and the child came to be constructed and enshrined as the domestic woman and the Romantic child within the home, and excluded from the public discourses. I then consider how in domestic stories women writers tried to overcome this shared deprivation of autonomy with the child, focusing on the works of Charlotte Yonge, Juliana Ewing, and Mary Louisa Molesworth. It emerges that these women writers were all keen to encourage their young readers to question the boundaries that separate home from the public realm, and to imagine a society wherein these dividing lines would be mitigated and even be extinguished. The thesis argues that these female writers’ literary efforts to exhaust the potential of the domestic story, and that their motivation to provide their child readers a sense of agency were integral in the development of Golden Age children’s literature. Charlotte Yonge’s technique of evoking sympathy for the child characters forged a more intimate relationship between adult author and young reader, and initiated the unsettling of the hierarchy between old and young, and author and reader. Juliana Ewing’s experiments with child narrators and her mingling of adventure and fantasy stories with domestic stories showed successive writers the various directions the domestic story could go. Mary Louisa Molesworth’s nursery stories realized the purpose of Ewing’s literary experiments, as her stories’ natural interweaving of quotidian nursery and fairy tale elements not only alleviated the hierarchy between fantasy and domestic realism, but also opened an era in which the blending of these two modes would become one of the most popular genres in children’s literature

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Department of Energy Engineering (Battery Science and Technology)As the requirement of the green generation advances beyond eco-friendly, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming more important as sustainable energy storage devices for electric vehicles and energy storage systems because of their potential to achieve high energy densities and long lifespans. Ni-rich layered oxides (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x > 0.6) have been considered one of the promising cathode materials due to its high reversible capacity ~200mAh g-1. However, Ni-rich cathode manifests its structural degradation, low thermal stability and parasitic reactions of electrolytes with Ni4+ which induces the oxidative decomposition of electrolyte due to its high reactivity. Silicon (Si) is the most exciting anode material because of the high theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh g-1 for Li15Si4 surpassing that of the carbonaceous anodes (372 mAh g-1 for LiC6). However, severe volume changes and vulnerable interfaces of silicon during cycling impede its practical uses because the newly exposed active surface of silicon to electrolyte induces perpetual electrolyte decomposition. Thus, the electrolyte-electrode interface should be controlled by constructing interfacial layers on both electrodes for stabilizing highly reactive electrodes. In addition, the degradation mechanism of conventional electrolytes composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and carbonate solvent mixture receives attention for ensuring the best performance of high-energy-density LIBs. Ion-paired LiPF6 is prone to decompose into LiF and PF5, strong Lewis acids, and promotes the further hydrolysis of LiPF6 reacting with a trace of water in batteries producing reactive species such as HF. HF can destroy the electrolyte-electrode interfacial layer, leach the transition metal dissolution from cathodes and leads to a decomposition of the solvent. Therefore, the scavenging highly reactive species in electrolytes should be significantly considered in developing the electrolyte systems. Herein, the underlying mechanisms of electrolytes and electrolyte-electrode interface will be clearly enlightened through electrochemical method and characterizations; (i) analyzing change of physical and chemical structures of electrolyte using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) (ii) investigating chemical structure and morphologies of the electrode-electrolyte interface using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and (iii) analyzing structural changes of electrodes using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Understanding of electrolyte-electrode degradation mechanism through systematic analysis of electrolyte-electrode interface will contribute to the development of chemically and electrochemically stable electrolyte systems for high-performance LIBs.clos

A Gene Co-Expression Network-Based Drug Repositioning Approach Identifies Candidates for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver cancer that continues to increase deaths worldwide owing to limited therapies and treatments. Computational drug repurposing is a promising strategy to discover potential indications of existing drugs. In this study, we present a systematic drug repositioning method based on comprehensive integration of molecular signatures in liver cancer tissue and cell lines. First, we identify robust prognostic genes and two gene co-expression modules enriched in unfavorable prognostic genes based on two independent HCC cohorts, which showed great consistency in functional and network topology. Then, we screen 10 genes as potential target genes for HCC on the bias of network topology analysis in these two modules. Further, we perform a drug repositioning method by integrating the shRNA and drug perturbation of liver cancer cell lines and identifying potential drugs for every target gene. Finally, we evaluate the effects of the candidate drugs through an in vitro model and observe that two identified drugs inhibited the protein levels of their corresponding target genes and cell migration, also showing great binding affinity in protein docking analysis. Our study demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of network-based drug repositioning approach to discover potential drugs for cancer treatment and precision medicine approach

Prediction of drug candidates for clear cell renal cell carcinoma using a systems biology-based drug repositioning approach

Background: The response rates of the clinical chemotherapies are still low in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Computational drug repositioning is a promising strategy to discover new uses for existing drugs to treat patients who cannot get benefits from clinical drugs. Methods: We proposed a systematic approach which included the target prediction based on the co-expression network analysis of transcriptomics profiles of ccRCC patients and drug repositioning for cancer treatment based on the analysis of shRNA- and drug-perturbed signature profiles of human kidney cell line. Findings: First, based on the gene co-expression network analysis, we identified two types of gene modules in ccRCC, which significantly enriched with unfavorable and favorable signatures indicating poor and good survival outcomes of patients, respectively. Then, we selected four genes, BUB1B, RRM2, ASF1B and CCNB2, as the potential drug targets based on the topology analysis of modules. Further, we repurposed three most effective drugs for each target by applying the proposed drug repositioning approach. Finally, we evaluated the effects of repurposed drugs using an in vitro model and observed that these drugs inhibited the protein levels of their corresponding target genes and cell viability. Interpretation: These findings proved the usefulness and efficiency of our approach to improve the drug repositioning researches for cancer treatment and precision medicine. Funding: This study was funded by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and Bash Biotech Inc., San Diego, CA, USA

An ultra-high-density bin map facilitates high-throughput QTL mapping of horticultural traits in pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Most agricultural traits are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs); however, there are few studies on QTL mapping of horticultural traits in pepper (Capsicum spp.) due to the lack of high-density molecular maps and the sequence information. In this study, an ultra-high-density map and 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between C. annuum 'Perennial' and C. annuum 'Dempsey' were used for QTL mapping of horticultural traits. Parental lines and RILs were resequenced at 18x and 1x coverage, respectively. Using a sliding window approach, an ultra-high-density bin map containing 2,578 bins was constructed. The total map length of the map was 1,372 cM, and the average interval between bins was 0.53 cM. A total of 86 significant QTLs controlling 17 horticultural traits were detected. Among these, 32 QTLs controlling 13 traits were major QTLs. Our research shows that the construction of bin maps using low-coverage sequence is a powerful method for QTL mapping, and that the short intervals between bins are helpful for fine-mapping of QTLs. Furthermore, bin maps can be used to improve the quality of reference genomes by elucidating the genetic order of unordered regions and anchoring unassigned scaffolds to linkage groups.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201625248RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A076900CITE_RATE:5.267FILENAME:DNA research(2016) An ultra high density bin map facilitates high throughput QTL mapping in pepper.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YFILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/56a2d8bc-c985-47f7-a01c-70d1a2f88513/linkCONFIRM:

Virulence Variation of Salmonella Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018

Salmonella Gallinarum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes fowl typhoid, a septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects all ages of chickens. Although vaccines and antimicrobials have been used nationwide to eradicate the disease, the malady is still prevalent in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virulence and genetic variation of 116 S. Gallinarum isolates from laying hens between 2014 and 2018. A total of 116 isolates were divided into five Gallinarum Sequence Types (GST) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) subtyping method. The GSTs displayed changes over time. The 116 isolates showed no difference in virulence gene distribution, but the polyproline linker (PPL) length of the SpvB, one of the virulence factors of Salmonella spp., served as an indicator of S. Gallinarum pathogenicity. The most prevalent PPL length was 22 prolines (37.9%). The shortest PPL length (19 prolines) was found only in isolates from 2014 and 2015. However, the longest PPL length of 24 prolines appeared in 2018. This study indicates that PPLs of S. Gallinarum in Korea tend to lengthen over time, so the pathogenic potency of the bacteria is increasing. Moreover, the transition of GST was associated with PPL length extension over time. These results indicate that surveillance of changing GST and PPL length are necessary in the monitoring of S. Gallinarum isolates

Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms in Korea

Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from nine broiler breeder farms and characterised their resistance and virulence genes. A total of 256 E. coli showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and cephalothin, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. The resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol showed significant differences among the farms. Among 202 β-lactam-resistant E. coli, 138 carried β-lactamase genes. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was blaTEM-1, of which the presence differed significantly across the farms. Out of 197 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tetA and tetB were detected in 164 and 50, with significant differences among the farms. Also, 45 of 196 nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli carried qnrS while 67 of 149 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli carried sul2. Among the five virulence genes tested, ompT was the most prevalent, and all genes except for iutA distributed significantly different among the farms. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli were significantly different among the farms; therefore, management at the breeder level is required to control the vertical transmission of E. coli.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

ReZoom\u3csup\u3eⓒ\u3c/sup\u3eing Our Academic Home Using Suda (수다)

This collaborative autoethnography describes the multiple subject positions and dynamics of our identities as transnational female teacher educators. Decolonizing mainstream epistemology and research tradition, we explore a unique dialogic research process called the suda methodology. The aims are twofold. First, to theorize suda as our framework as well as a research methodology, we explain, describe, and construct the meanings of suda, which is derived from Korean cultural background. Second, we show our suda sessions and discuss how the suda approach helped us challenge against mainstream epistemology, which is also a journey to build our academic home in a rhizomatic way

Characteristics of High-Level Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea

Enterococci, which are considered environmental mastitis-causing pathogens, have easily acquired aminoglycoside-resistant genes that encode various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME). Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the distribution of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteria isolated from bulk tank milk in four dairy companies in Korea. Moreover, it analyzed the characteristics of their antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. Among the 301 E. faecalis bacteria studied, 185 (61.5%) showed HLAR with no significant differences among the dairy companies. Furthermore, 129 (69.7%) of the 185 HLAR E. faecalis showed MDR without significant differences among companies. In contrast, HLAR E. faecalis from companies A, B, and C were significantly higher in resistance to the four classes than those in company D, which had the highest MDR ability against the three antimicrobial classes (p < 0.05). In addition, in the distribution of AME genes, 72 (38.9%) and 36 (19.5%) of the isolates carried both aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)-la and ant(6)-Ia genes, and the ant (6)-Ia gene alone, respectively, with significant differences among the companies (p < 0.05). In the distribution of virulence genes, the ace (99.5%), efa A (98.9%), and cad 1 (98.4%) genes were significantly prevalent (p < 0.05). Thus, our results support that an advanced management program by companies is required to minimize the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors