A typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding and its spatio-temporal patterns

The predicted sea-level rise and changes in storm surge regimes are expected to lead to an increasing risk of flooding in coastal regions. Accommodation can be an alternative to protection in many areas, with household-level adaptation potentially constituting an important element of such a strategy, as it can significantly reduce costs. To date, a systematic typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding does not exist. In order to bridge this gap, we conducted a series of quantitative surveys in different coastal areas in Denmark, Germany and Argentina. We applied a cluster analysis in order to categorise the adaptive behaviour of coastal households. Coastal households were found to cluster in four groups that we term: the comprehensives, the theoreticians, the minimalists and the structurals. With the exception of households focusing on the implementation of high-effort structural measures, our results show the affiliation to these groups to follow a specific temporal sequence. At the same time, large differences in category affiliation exist between the study areas. Risk communication tools can utilise our typology to selectively target specific types of households or to ensure that the information needs of all groups are addressed.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

A typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding and its spatio-temporal patterns

The predicted sea-level rise and changes in storm surge regimes are expected to lead to an increasing risk of flooding in coastal regions. Accommodation can be an alternative to protection in many areas, with household-level adaptation potentially constituting an important element of such a strategy, as it can significantly reduce costs. To date, a systematic typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding does not exist. In order to bridge this gap, we conducted a series of quantitative surveys in different coastal areas in Denmark, Germany and Argentina. We applied a cluster analysis in order to categorise the adaptive behaviour of coastal households. Coastal households were found to cluster in four groups that we term: the comprehensives, the theoreticians, the minimalists and the structurals. With the exception of households focusing on the implementation of high-effort structural measures, our results show the affiliation to these groups to follow a specific temporal sequence. At the same time, large differences in category affiliation exist between the study areas. Risk communication tools can utilise our typology to selectively target specific types of households or to ensure that the information needs of all groups are addressed.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Deliverable 3.3. Reports on execution of field trails at each case study site

The main objective of the field trials was to bring into practice the key aspects of EVOKED: the focus on climate services, the Living Labs approach, and the information design of the selected climate services for each of the EVOKED case study sites (Deltares, 2019). To support comparing the outcomes of these case studies, Deliverable 3.2 (Deltares, 2020) was developed to create a framework to structure the data that has been collected in the case studies as well as to draw lessons and conclusions based on a case comparison. The final objective as presented in the present report is “a systematic evaluation of the climate information designs and thus of the communicative qualities of currently used climate services; insight into the different information needs, perceptions of risk and uncertainty, and the responsibilities and roles of different stakeholder groups; a set of visualization principles and visualization strategies for stakeholder specific climate services.” (Deltares, 2019, p.17).EU, Horizon Europe European Research Area for Climate Services JPI Climate The Research Council of Norway Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) NWO FORMA

A typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding and its spatio-temporal patterns

The predicted sea-level rise and changes in storm surge regimes are expected to lead to an increasing risk of flooding in coastal regions. Accommodation can be an alternative to protection in many areas, with household-level adaptation potentially constituting an important element of such a strategy, as it can significantly reduce costs. To date, a systematic typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding does not exist. In order to bridge this gap, we conducted a series of quantitative surveys in different coastal areas in Denmark, Germany and Argentina. We applied a cluster analysis in order to categorise the adaptive behaviour of coastal households. Coastal households were found to cluster in four groups that we term: the comprehensives, the theoreticians, the minimalists and the structurals. With the exception of households focusing on the implementation of high-effort structural measures, our results show the affiliation to these groups to follow a specific temporal sequence. At the same time, large differences in category affiliation exist between the study areas. Risk communication tools can utilise our typology to selectively target specific types of households or to ensure that the information needs of all groups are addressed.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Deliverable 3.2. Capacity building material for the field trials

In Deliverable 3.1 (Deltares, 2019) the theoretical background, research questions, hypotheses (also summarized in Section 2 of this document) and overall method have been described. This deliverable focuses on the workflow in the field trials and provides capacity materials (templates) to carry out the research. The workflow and templates are meant to help to: 1. Select the climate service(s) that will be adapted for the EVOKED project; 2. Identify ‘usability-gap(s)’ between the information given by the climate service(s) and the information needs of the end-user(s); 3. Think about a new, improved information design (i.e. the way in which information is presented – for a more elaborate explanation on the concept we refer to Deliverbale 3.1 (Deltares, 2019) of the selected climate service(s) to help bridge the aforementioned ‘usability-gap’ through the way information is presented to the user of the climate service(s); 4. To test the new information design (as an experiment). Finally, this document aims to create a coherent data management structure by using the same templates for each case study location. This enables both the cross-comparison between the case studies and the overall analysis regarding EVOKED-hypotheses.EU, Horizon Europe European Research Area for Climate Services JPI Climate The Research Council of Norway Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) NWO FORMA

Stakeholder evaluation of the co-production process of climate services. Experiences from two case studies in Larvik (Norway) and Flensburg (Germany)

publishedVersio

Work Package 2 – Co-develop

In the framework of the EVOKED project scientific information on different types of potential climate-change impacts has been developed. The aim is to translate these climate data into valuable and useful climate services. One aspect we are focusing on is the visualisation of this climate related information to specific target groups, while also considering the communication of risk and uncertainty. Currently, there are different types of visualization tools available, such as scenarios, maps, or even web applications such as story maps. In this context we have developed a prototype story map template for communicating and visualising scientific information to different stakeholders in an understandable way. This document discusses the use of story maps for displaying environmental information and data, presents the developed template, and describes its components. Further it highlights the technical requirements for its use. This template is readily available online and can be easily adopted by other project partners or stakeholders for communicating scientific information on a wide range of climate-impact-related topics.publishedVersio

Deliverable 2.3. Template for communicating scientific information and results

In the framework of the EVOKED project scientific information on different types of potential climate-change impacts has been developed. The aim is to translate these climate data into valuable and useful climate services. One aspect we are focusing on is the visualisation of this climate related information to specific target groups, while also considering the communication of risk and uncertainty. Currently, there are different types of visualization tools available, such as scenarios, maps, or even web applications such as story maps. In this context we have developed a prototype story map template for communicating and visualising scientific information to different stakeholders in an understandable way. This document discusses the use of story maps for displaying environmental information and data, presents the developed template, and describes its components. Further it highlights the technical requirements for its use. This template is readily available online and can be easily adopted by other project partners or stakeholders for communicating scientific information on a wide range of climate-impact-related topics

Co-production of climate services: A story map for future coastal flooding for the city of Flensburg

Story maps offer the possibility to visualise scientific information and climate data in an accessible format and, as web-based tools, reach a large audience. However, the use of story maps in the context of climate services has not yet been widely explored or implemented. In this study we present a story map for communicating the potential impacts of flooding due to sea-level rise for the city of Flensburg, situated at the German Baltic Sea coast. The map is developed in the form of a web-based tool and includes background information on sea-level rise and coastal flooding as well as on coastal adaptation measures; interactive maps with information on city landmarks; and maps of future flooding scenarios based on numerical modelling. To increase the usability of the climate service we have applied a co-production approach and collaborated with the general public to identify user needs in an iterative process. Our study highlights the user needs for detailed visualisation of potential flooding due to sea-level rise as well as for further information on adaptation measures. As a climate service, our story map serves as a starting point for raising awareness among the general public and for initiating action for adaptation to reduce vulnerability to coastal flooding in Flensburg

Household adaptation and intention to adapt to coastal flooding in the Axios – Loudias – Aliakmonas National Park, Greece

As a consequence of sea-level rise, coastal areas will more often experience extreme flooding in the future. Household-level adaptation is a form of accommodation that reduces vulnerability to flooding and can complement, or provide an alternative to, coastal protection. In this study we examine anticipatory adaptation to coastal flooding at household-level in the Axios – Loudias – Aliakmonas National Park, located at the Thermaic Gulf in Greece. A questionnaire survey was conducted and respondents (n = 491) were asked about actual adaptation behaviour as well as cognitive, socio-economic and housing variables. Additionally, they were asked to indicate their adaptation intention for the year 2050, for a range of narrative climate-change scenarios. Results show that coastal households in the region are currently adapting in different ways, primarily concentrating on low-effort measures. This behaviour is correlated to cognitive rather than socioeconomic and housing characteristics. In the future, respondents intend to adapt in a similar way, with a tendency to implement higher-effort and more costly measures when confronted with significant changes in climate. We argue that promoting household-level adaptation is an easy-to-implement and effective way of reducing vulnerability to coastal flooding, which should be integrated into coastal risk management strategies in Greece