Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE): Measurements and modeling of the "isoprene volcano''

The Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE) was conducted in July 1998 in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Oklahoma. OZIE was designed to investigate the presumably high isoprene emission rates from the Missouri Ozarks due to its high density of oak trees. Ground, balloon, and aircraft measurements were taken over a three-week study period; 0-D and 3-D chemical models were subsequently used to better understand the observed isoprene emissions from the Ozarks and to investigate their potential regional-scale impacts. Leaf-level measurements for two oak tree species yielded normalized average isoprene emission factors of 66 mgC g-1 h-1, in good agreement with values used in current biogenic emissions models. However, the emission factors exhibited a temperature dependence that is not captured by currently available algorithms. Aloft isoprene mixing ratios measured using tethered balloon systems were used to estimate isoprene fluxes. These measurement-derived fluxes agreed with BEIS3 estimates within the relatively large uncertainties in the estimates. Ground level isoprene mixing ratio

Delta Opioid Receptor Expression and Function in Primary Afferent Somatosensory Neurons

International audienc

The probability of neurotransmitter release: variability and feedback control at single synapses

Information transfer at chemical synapses occurs when vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release neurotransmitter. This process is stochastic and its likelihood of occurrence is a crucial factor in the regulation of signal propagation in neuronal networks. The reliability of neurotransmitter release can be highly variable: experimental data from electrophysiological, molecular and imaging studies have demonstrated that synaptic terminals can individually set their neurotransmitter release probability dynamically through local feedback regulation. This local tuning of transmission has important implications for current models of single-neuron computation