Metode mikrokoloni (slide culture) sebagai metode diagnostic alternative yang lebih cepat untuk diagnosis tuberculosis paru

Despite wide distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia, its diagnosis is still an important issue to be dealt with. Fourty seven sputums from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Surabaya were examined to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis using three methods, i.e. the acidfast stain Ziehl Neelsen, microcolony (slide culture) and Lowenstein Jensen. Sputums were collected spontaneously from the patients. All of them were decontaminated and centrifuged. After the supernatant fluids were carefully decanted, the sediments were resuspended in 1 ml of 10 mMphosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and the suspensions were then inoculated on to two 76 x 13 mm glass microscope slides. One of them was stained by Ziehl Neelsen method and the other was inoculated into microcolony media for seven days and the waste suspension was inoculated into LowensteinJensen media. The results of the microcolony method analysis were compared with the Ziehl Neelsen staining. Employing McNemar test, a significant difference was observed between the microcolony method and the Ziehl Neelsen staining (?² = 5,88). The sensitivity and spesificity ofmicrocolony were 100% and 89% while the Ziehl Neelsen were 60% and 84% respectively. In conclusions microcolony method was better compared with the Ziehl Neelsen staining in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microcolony method was able to reduce time required todetect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patient suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE AND PINE OIL-CONTAINING CLEANING FLUID IS NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Nosocomial infection is one of the leading cause of the increasing of morbidity and mortality in the hospital. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is included in one of the most three bacteria that cause opportunistic infections in human includin

Retrospective Study of Self Esteem in Patients with Pityriasis Versicolor

Background: Pityriasis Versicolor (PV) is a fungal infection of the skin, caused by the Malassezia sp., a genus of fungi. Patients commonly present with bordered skin patches of white, grey, and sometimes brown on their skin surface. The prominent changing of skin colour in exposed areas of the skin may cause feelings of insecurity to the patients and become limelight for other people, impacting their self esteem. Purpose: To evaluate the self esteem profile in PV patients at the dermatovenereology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study based on medical records of the dermatovenereology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital Surabaya. The data were collected from June 2018 to May 2019. This research evaluates PV patients's profiles by age, sex, education level, occupation, residential environment, site of infection, duration of the infection, and self esteem. The patient's self esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Result: Fiftythree PV patient’s self esteem values were successfully recorded. Of the 53 patients, the score was low in 3 people (5.67%), the normal score in 50 people (94.33%), and no one had a high score. Of the 3 people with low self esteem scores, 2 of them were men, consisting of 1 teenager and 2 adults, having basic education levels, who were students and housewives. The three patients had the infection for more than 3 months and they resided in Tambaksari, Wonocolo, and outside Surabaya. Conclusion: The majority of PV patients at the dermato-venereology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital have normal self esteem scores

Tuberculous Meningitis: The Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis and Its Drug Sensitivity Patterns

Background: Tuberculosis continues one of the major challenges to global health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex can affect any organ other than the lung parenchyma, include central nervous system. The mortality rate of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are high worldwide with up to half of survivors suffering irreversible sequelae. Diagnosis of TBM is difficult due to paucibacillary, various clinical manifestation, and invasive procedure to appropriate specimens. Objective: The objectiveis to study the positivity rate of microbiological laboratory diagnosis and its drug sensitivity patterns of TBM patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during October 2015 until September 2016. Methods: Specimens were cerebrospinal fluids. Identification and drug anti TB sensitivity test were done by BACTEC MGIT 960 system in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Result: Most patients with TBM were women (54.29%). Based on age groups, most dominant was adult population (65.71%). Proportion percentage of positive M. tuberculosis complex among 180 specimens were 19.44%. First line anti TB drug sensitivity pattern of 35 isolates were 1 monoresistant, 1 poly-resistant, no multiple drug resistant (MDR), and 33 pan-susceptible. Conclusion: Positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex laboratory diagnosis from TBM suspect patients were low. There was no MDR TB in this study, but mono-resistant and poly-resistant. Microbiological diagnosis was important to give information of active disease and drug sensitivity pattern. Resistance to first line anti TB drugs is alarming to properly manage TBM patients

Komposisi Kimiawi Dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Propolis Dari Malang Jawa Timur

The world proved it but Indonesia was still investigating its component and effect. The writer was doing under research anti bacterium effect of propolis which was collected from Malang, East Java. The study also consisted of anti bacterium effect and composition on growing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherecia coli. Writer also tried to explain anti microbial effect and propolis extract component against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherecia coli. In post test control group design,it was collected 26 samples taken from bees breeding in Malang, East Java then under investigation in Microbiology Laboratory of Medicine School, Dr Soetomo general Hospital Surabaya. In that the writer found growth inhibition of gram positive for S. aureus and gram negative for E. coli in diameter after trial using t two free sample (t independent sample test). During 24 – 48 hrs it was found 26 samples of 26 isolate (100%) S. aureus tested sensitively. P > 0.05, no difference was seen about inhibiting zona diameter on propolis content 10% and propolis 20% (EEP 10% and EEP 20%). Zone inhibition on growth of A. Aureus was not clear in alcohol 95%. At last of all 26 samples of 26 isolate (100%) was really proved that anti microbial EEP was sensitive and E.Coli was tested resistant

Comparative evaluation between KOH and PAS stain of fungal examination result on lung Tuberculosis patients’ sputum with positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Mycosis is often misdiagnosed as Tuberculosis (TB) with negative sputum smear results or Tuberculosis recurrent. In the last two-decade, mycosis increases dramatically as HIV and immunocompromised incidence rates increased. Even though, the prevalence data of mycosis in TB patient is less researched, the identification using KOH often give a false negative result. To compare the result of fungal identification using KOH and PAS staining. This study is observational analytical using a cross-sectional design with 29 TB samples that have been diagnosed with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain positive in RSUD Dr. Soetomo. The sputum of every sample was colored with KOH and PAS and observed by the researcher and microbiology analyst. The results of this study were 22 sputa identified with Candida sp positive and 12 sputa with non-Candida positive using KOH staining. Meanwhile, using PAS staining, there were 25 sputa identified as Candida sp positive and 22 sputa as non-Candida positive. The congruency test between KOH and PAS has a fair result for both identifying Candida sp (κ = 0.298; significance = 0.069) and non-Candida (κ = 0.240; significance = 0.095). The identification of candida and non-candida in TB patients using KOH and PAS has a fair congruency result. The PAS staining has better identification results both in identifying candida and non-candida rather than KOH staining

The Anti TB Drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Cerebrospinal Fluid and Bone Tissue Biopsy Specimens of Patients Suspected Tuberculous Meningitis and Spinal TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Indonesia

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an infection of meningens which potentially life threatening with significant morbidity and mortality. Spinal TB has the same problem with TBM, infection in bone and joint, the delayed diagnosis worsens the prognosis. The rapid and accurate diagnosis plus promt adequate treatment is essential for the good outcome. The aim of this research is to study the first line drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from specimens of cerebrospinal fluid from suspected tuberculous meningitis patients and bone tissue biopsy from suspected spinal TB patients. The method of this research is TB Laboratory examination in Department of Clinical Microbiology – Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia, using the gold standard liquid culture method MGIT 960 System (Becton Dickinson) and solid culture method with Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The specimens CSF from 50 TBM patients at January 2013 until May 2014. Positive isolate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were 11 isolates (22%), which sensitivity 100% (11/11 isolates) to Rifampin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E), and Streptomycin (S); one isolate resistant to Isoniazid, sensitivity to Isoniazid 90,90% (10/11); and received 21 specimens of bone tissue biopsy which positive 5 isolates (23%), all isolates sensitive 100% (5/5 isolates) to Rifampin and Pyrazinamide, and 1 isolates resistant to Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin, in which sensitivity 80% (4/5 isolates) to Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin. The conclusion of this research is positivity detection 22% of CSF specimens, and 23% of bone tissue biopsy were low. All isolates sensitive 100% to Rifampin and Pyrazinamide, and 80-90% sensitive to Isoniazid

The radiologic findings, positivity rate of culture method examinations, correlation with the type of lower respiratory secretion of adult pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) patients

Abstract Background: There are active and latent tuberculosis types, a global public health concern. Test confirmation is required to distinguish between active tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the type of lower airway secretion specimen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity rate of MGIT-LJ, as well as the relationship between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity rate in MGIT-LJ and radiological findings. Methods: This study is cross-sectional with a prospective design. The sample is the result of the examination of the MGIT-LJ method and medical record data of patients suspected of Pulmonary TB at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital Surabaya Indonesia that meets the inclusion criteria, analysis of the culture results of MGIT-LJ method and radiological findings were carried out to assess the relationship between the character of sputum, the positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and radiological findings. Result: A total of 137 from June 2022 till November 2022 found 88 (64.2%) with spontaneous sputum, 6 (4,4%) aspirate ETT, and 43 (31.4%) BAL. The positivity rate of the MGIT-LJ culture method of the spontaneous sputum specimen to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 20.5% higher than ETT or BAL specimens because the implementation of clinical indication to request MGIT-LJ culture method of ETT and BAL specimens is still confusing. The specificity of the chest radiography diagnostic test from all specimens type of 61.86%, with a weak accuracy rate. Conclusion: In this study, the positivity rate of the MGIT-LJ culture method of the spontaneous sputum specimen to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 20.5% higher than ETT or BAL specimens. Chest radiography has a weak accuracy level and must be complemented test with the culture method

Progress In Knowledge Of Microscopic Tuberculosis Diagnosis Laboratory Training Participants

Indonesia is the second highest tuberculosis (TB)-burden country in the world. TB affects men and women in productive ages. Early and accurate diagnosis of TB is crucial in TB management because it allows prompt treatment with appropriate regimen. Sputum smear microscopy is the most common method used in resource-limited laboratories. The aim of this study is to assess whether adult learning method with student-centered approach can improve knowledge in laboratory techniques in microscopic TB diagnosis. It was a quasi experimental research with one group pretest and posttest design. Pretest was conducted before the training started. During the training, participants attended lectures, discussion sessions, and hands-on laboratory activities. After training, participants were asked to respond to posttest. There were 33 participants of this training (n=33). Paired t-test analysis showed significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p=6.5x10-9). Variance between pretest scores was 4.00 and variance between posttest scores were 1.34. Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.45. Regardless their level of knowledge before training, participants could achieve relatively equivalent results after training. Significant difference between pre- and post-training test scores indicated that the learning method was effective and the training could improve participants knowledge in laboratory techniques in microscopic TB diagnosis

Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and sputum microscopy compared to sputum culture for diagnosis of tuberculosis in seven hospitals in Indonesia

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in Indonesia, where the incidence was 301 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020 and the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB is increasing. Diagnostic testing approaches vary across Indonesia due to resource limitations. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear is widely used, though Xpert MTB/RIF has been the preferred assay for detecting TB and rifampicin resistance since 2012 due to higher sensitivity and ability to rapidly identify rifampicin resistance. However, <1,000 Xpert instruments were available in Indonesia as of 2020 and the Xpert supply chain has suffered interruptions.MethodsWe compared the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and AFB smear to facilitate optimization of TB case identification. We analyzed baseline data from a cohort study of adults with pulmonary TB conducted at seven hospitals across Indonesia. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of AFB smear and Xpert MTB/RIF using Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) culture as the gold standard, factors associated with assay results, and consistency of Xpert MTB/RIF with drug susceptibility test (DST) in detecting rifampicin resistance.ResultsSensitivity of AFB smear was significantly lower than Xpert MTB/RIF (86.2 vs. 97.4%, p-value <0.001), but specificity was significantly better (86.7 vs. 73.3%, p-value <0.001). Performance varied by hospital. Positivity rate for AFB smear and Mtb culture was higher in subjects with pulmonary cavities and in morning sputum samples. Consistency of Xpert MTB/RIF with DST was lower in those with rifampicin- sensitive TB by DST.DiscussionAdditional evaluation using sputa from primary and secondary Indonesian health centers will increase the generalizability of the assessment of AFB smear and Xpert MTB/RIF performance, and better inform health policy.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT027 58236]