Quality control requirements for the correct annotation of lipidomics data.

10.1038/s41467-021-24984-yNature Communications121477

Lipidomics and Redox Lipidomics Indicate Early Stage Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage.

Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation and inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis and cancer in the liver. AFLD diagnosis currently relies on histological analysis of liver biopsies. Early detection permits interventions that would prevent progression to cirrhosis or later stages of the disease. Herein, we have conducted the first comprehensive time-course study of lipids using novel state-of-the art lipidomics methods in plasma and liver in the early stages of a mouse model of AFLD, i.e., Lieber-DeCarli diet model. In ethanol-treated mice, changes in liver tissue included up-regulation of triglycerides (TGs) and oxidized TGs and down-regulation of phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and 20-22-carbon-containing lipid-mediator precursors. An increase in oxidized TGs preceded histological signs of early AFLD, i.e., steatosis, with these changes observed in both the liver and plasma. The major lipid classes dysregulated by ethanol play important roles in hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and oxidative damage. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption alters the liver lipidome before overt histological markers of early AFLD. This introduces the exciting possibility that specific lipids may serve as earlier biomarkers of AFLD than those currently being used

Traffic, Drugs, Mental Health, and Disinfectants: Changes in Sewage Sludge Chemical Signatures During a COVID-19 Community Lockdown

The COVID-19 pandemic and related shutdowns have caused changes in everyday activities for many people, and signs of those changes are present in the chemical signatures of sewage sludge produced during the pandemic. We analyzed primary sewage sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant in New Haven, CT USA collected between March 19 and June 30, 2020. This time period encompassed the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the initial statewide stay at home order, and the first phase of reopening. We used liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry and targeted and suspect screening strategies to identify contaminants in the sludge. We and found evidence of increasing opioid, cocaine, and antidepressant use, as well as upward trends in chemicals used in disinfectants and sunscreens during the study period. Benzotriazole, an anti-corrosion chemical associated with traffic pollution, decreased through the stay-at-home period, and increased during reopening. Hydroxychloroquine, a drug that received significant attention for its potential to treat COVID-19, had elevated concentrations in the week following the implementation of the United States Emergency Use Authorization. Our results directly relate to nationwide reports of increased demand for fentanyl, antidepressants, and other medications, as well as reports of increased drug overdose deaths during the pandemic. Though wastewater surveillance during the pandemic has largely focused on measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations, chemical analysis can also show trends that are important for revealing the public and environmental health effects of the pandemic. </p

Re-modeling of foliar membrane lipids in a seagrass allows for growth in phosphorus-deplete conditions.

In this study, we used liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the lipidome of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) leaves with either extremely high phosphorus content or extremely low phosphorus content. Most species of phospholipids were significantly down-regulated in phosphorus-deplete leaves, whereas diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS), triglycerides (TG), galactolipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), certain species of glucuronosyldiacylglycerols (GlcADG), and certain species of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) were significantly upregulated, accounting for the change in phosphorus content, as well as structural differences in the leaves of plants growing across regions of varying elemental availability. These data suggest that seagrasses are able to modify the phosphorus content in leaf membranes dependent upon environmental availability

Personal air pollutant exposure monitoring in South African children in the VHEMBE birth cohort

The burden of disease associated with environmental exposures disproportionately impacts residents of low- and middle-income countries. Children living in rural regions of these countries may experience higher exposure to insecticides from indoor residual spraying used for malaria control and household air pollution. This study evaluated environmental exposures of children living in a rural region of South Africa. Quantifying exposure levels and identifying characteristics that are associated with exposure in this geographic region has been challenging due to limitations with available monitoring techniques. Wearable passive samplers have recently been shown to be a convenient and reliable tool for assessing personal exposures. In this study, a passive sampler wristband, known as Fresh Air wristband, was worn by 49 children (five-years of age) residing in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study leveraged ongoing research within the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies, and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort. A wide range of chemicals (35 in total) were detected using the wristbands, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, phthalates, and organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardants. Higher concentrations of PAHs were observed among children from households that fell below the food poverty threshold, did not have access to electric cookstoves/burners, or reported longer times of cooking or burning materials during the sampling period. Concentrations of p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDT were also found to be elevated for children from households falling below the food poverty threshold as well as for children whose households were sprayed for malaria control within the previous 1.5 years. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using passive sampler wristbands as a non-invasive method for personal exposure assessment of children in rural regions of South Africa to complex mixtures environmental contaminants derived from a combination of sources. Future studies are needed to further identify and understand the effects of airborne environmental contaminants on childhood development and strategies to mitigate exposures

Assessing the external exposome using wearable passive samplers and high-resolution mass spectrometry among South African children participating in the VHEMBE study

Children in low- and middle-income countries are often exposed to higher levels of chemicals and are more vulnerable to the health effects of air pollution. Little is known about the diversity, toxicity, and dynamics of airborne chemical exposures at the molecular level. We developed a workflow employing state-of-the-art wearable passive sampling technology coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to comprehensively measure 147 children’s personal exposures to airborne chemicals in Limpopo, South Africa, as part of the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies, and Their Environment (VHEMBE). 637 environmental exposures were detected, many of which have never been measured in this population; of these 50 airborne chemical exposures of concern were detected, including pesticides, plasticizers, organophosphates, dyes, combustion products, and perfumes. Biocides detected in wristbands included p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′-DDD), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), propoxur, piperonyl butoxide, and triclosan. Exposures differed across the assessment period with 27% of detected chemicals observed to be either higher or lower in the wet or dry seasons.SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION 1: Additional results presenting a comparison of personal exposures stratified by season and poverty levels and spectral evidence supporting caffeine identification (PDF)SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION 2: Processed mass spectrometry datasets (XLSX). Raw mass spectrometry data is available upon request.The Canadian Institute for Health Research and a Canada Research Chair in Global Environmental Health and Epidemiology.https://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag2023-01-28hj2022School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)UP Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP CSMC

Exploring personal chemical exposures in China with wearable air pollutant monitors: A repeated-measure study in healthy older adults in Jinan, China

The health impact of airborne contaminants has been challenging to assess due to current limitations in measurement technologies. The emergence of wearable passive samplers coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) chemical analysis has enabled comprehensive characterization of personal exposures. We conducted a repeated-measure study among 84 older adults in Jinan, China, as part of the Biomarkers for Air Pollutants Exposure (China BAPE) study. Study objectives were: 1) to characterize the occurrence, magnitude, and distribution of personal exposure to airborne contaminants; 2) to evaluate the temporal variation of chemical exposures across the study population; and 3) to identify behavioral and environmental factors that influence the observed variance in chemical exposures. The FreshAir wristband was worn by participants for three consecutive days each month from September 2018 to January 2019 and collected with paired time-activity logs. Passive air samplers were also deployed in parallel at a local outdoor air monitoring station. Spearman’s Rho trend test and trajectory cluster analysis were used to identify exposure trends and variation patterns, respectively. Out of the 70 airborne compounds of potential concern screened, 26 compounds from 10 chemical classes were found to be above detection thresholds across >70% of the study population. Personal exposures were predominantly characterized by nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), four phthalates, three nitroaromatics, and two volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Phthalate personal exposures were positively correlated with outdoor temperatures while the inverse relationship was observed for certain PAHs (p < 0.05). Specifically, dimethyl phthalate (rs = 0.31) decreased as temperatures declined, while nitrobenzene (rs = −0.35) and naphthalene (rs = −0.40) increased as temperatures decreased. Compared to levels measured at the outdoor air monitoring site, personal exposure of phthalates was elevated (p < 0.05) and hexachlorobutadiene was lower across participants (p < 0.01). Personal exposure of these chemicals was further found to be weakly associated with daily duration participants spent outdoors. Individuals formed distinct clusters based on trajectories of chemical exposures across the sampling period (September to January), potentially suggestive of distinct emission sources. In conclusion, we demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing the occurrence and magnitude of personal exposure to airborne chemical contaminants using passive wristband samplers. The temporal variability of these personal exposure profiles was highlighted and with distinct trends identified across different groups of individuals. Future studies will integrate this data with other omics datasets collected from this population of Chinese older adults to investigate associations between exposure profiles and health relevant biomarkers, to provide evidence in feasibility of disease prevention through environmental improvements