Traditional African vegetables: Directory of research and development specialists

The main function of this directory lies in the usefulness of the information it conveys. It has a record of contact information drawn from an IPGRI database of traditional vegetable workers, institutions and networks in sub-Saharan Africa. An international community of experts and workers in the area of ”Traditional African Vegetables” already exists and is engaged in productive research and dialogue. With the presentation of this first edition of the directory of ”Traditional African Vegetable Workers” we look forward to enabling direct contacts between these researchers and workers on all aspects of traditional African vegetables. The scope of the directory is to give information on who works on African vegetables in the region and to provide a vehicle for fostering links between the workers. We would like to create an environment where information is exchanged easily between researchers and workers. The challenge is that the role and the potential of information and information exchange, and the sharing of experiences is becoming much more important in the face of growing threat of genetic erosion to our traditional African vegetable resources. The workers listed in this directory have responded to the challenge by ensuring conservation and continued use of the genetic resources of traditional African vegetables through their research, and we laud their efforts

Quantification of within- and between-pen transmission of Fouth-and-Mouth disease virus in pigs

Quantified transmission parameters of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) are needed for epidemic models used for control and surveillance. In this study, we quantified the within- and between-pen transmission of FMDV in groups of pigs by estimating the daily transmission rate , i.e. the number of secondary infections caused by one infectious pig during one day, using an SIR (susceptible-infectious-removed) model. Within-pen transmission was studied in four groups of ten pigs in which 5 infected and 5 susceptible pigs had direct contact; between-pen transmission was studied in one group of ten pigs in which 5 infected and 5 susceptible pigs had indirect contact. Daily results of virus isolation of oropharyngeal fluid were used to quantify the transmission rate , using Generalised Linear Modelling (GLM) and a maximum likelihood method. In addition, we estimated the expected time to infection of the first pig within a pen Tw and in the indirect-contact pen Tb. The between-pen transmission rate b was estimated to be 0.59 (0.083-4.18) per day, which was significantly lower than the within-pen transmission rate w of 6.14 (3.75-10.06). Tw was 1.6 h, and Tb was 16 h. Our results show that the transmission rate is influenced by contact structure between pigs

Plaats delict-onderzoek met vooruitziende blik: Anticiperen op alternatieve scenario’s tijdens het sporenonderzoek op de plaats delict

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Scientific Opinion on monitoring procedures at slaughterhouses for bovines

This scientific opinion proposes toolboxes of welfare indicators for developing monitoring procedures at slaughterhouses for bovines stunned with penetrative captive bolt or slaughtered without stunning. In particular, the opinion proposes welfare indicators together with their corresponding outcomes of consciousness, unconsciousness or death. In the case of slaughter with captive bolt stunning, the opinion proposes a toolbox of indicators and the outcomes to be used to assess consciousness in bovine animals at three key stages of monitoring: (a) after stunning and during shackling and hoisting; (b) during neck cutting or sticking; and (c) during bleeding. For slaughter of bovines without stunning, a set of indicators and outcomes are proposed in another toolbox to be used for (a) assessing unconsciousness, before releasing bovines from restraint; and (b) confirming death before carcass dressing begins. Various activities—including a systematic literature review, an online survey and stakeholders’ and hearing experts’ meetings—were conducted to gather information about the specificity, sensitivity and feasibility of the indicators that can be included in the toolboxes. The frequency of checking differs according to the role of each person responsible for ensuring animal welfare. Personnel performing stunning, shackling, hoisting and/or bleeding will have to check all the animals and confirm that they are not conscious following stunning or before release from the restraint. For the animal welfare officer, who has the overall responsibility for animal welfare, a mathematical model for the sampling protocols is proposed, giving some allowance to set the sample size of animals that he/she needs to check at a given throughput rate (total number of animals slaughtered in the slaughterhouse) and tolerance level (number of potential failures). Finally, different risk factors and scenarios are proposed to define a ‘normal’ or a ‘reinforced’ monitoring protocol, according to the needs of the slaughterhouse

De zorg voor het milieu in economisch perspectief (3).

De vakgroep Agrarische Bedrijfseconomie en de vakgroep Landbouwpolitiek, hebben in 1989 een begin gemaakt met het ontwikkelen van een milieu-economisch model voor de akkerbouw. In deze bijdrage wordt aangegeven wat de wenselijke en mogelijke gebruiksvoorwaarden zijn op bedrijfs- en regionaal niveau bij de beleidsvorming in landbou

Neglected leafy green vegetables crops in Africa: Vol. 2: Bibliography of the genetic resources of traditional African vegetables

This bibliography focuses on bibliographic references that give results of research undertaken with the intention of understanding the genetic base of traditional vegetables. Researchers collaborating with the editors decided on the major species and subjects to be included in this publication. References were obtained not only from the international agricultural databases CAB Abstracts, AGRIS and AGRICOLA but also from grey litreature collected by the compilers. As many traditional vegetables from Africa can be found in other continents, relevant studies on the same species are also included in this bibliography.This bibliography does not claim to be definitive or even exhaustive. We are aware of the fact that results of research undertaken by African researchers and students is still to be published or can not be found in the international bibliographic databases. Therefore we welcome information on papers, reports and thesis written on Africa's traditional vegetables that are not included in this bibliography. This information will stimulate and help us to produce a second volume of this bibliography