Journey of a Peace Journalist

Presented October 15, 2012. 2012 Winnie Veenstra Peace Lecture

Petit Apartheid and the \u27\u27TB Syndrome: Police Racial Profiling of Chicana/o Youths in San Jose, California

I like to go out on Friday nights and Saturday nights and join up with my homies and walk around the hot spots and get some food. I like to check out the girls and see if I can get something going with them. But every weekend the cops stop me. What the fuck for? I go to school everyday and get treated like a criminal and then, when I want to step out of my house...I get treated like a criminal again! I have never been arrested for nothing! But I always get stopped for walkin\u27 down the street. For walkin\u27 down the street! Am I in a gang (the police ask)? Who\u27s in a gang? Who\u27s carrying a gun, a disrepectful attitude, and stopping people for nothing? The police gang. You don\u27t see me with a gun or knife or harassing anyone! I\u27m just tryin\u27 to walk down the fucking street. an anonymous sixteen year-old Chicano (Author, 2004

A Survey of the Confirmation Instruction of the Children within a Pastoral Conference

Confirmation .instruction of children is the foundation of the work of the pastor. During his period of contact with the catechumens he can strengthen the personal Christianity of the children. He has the children in the time of their lives when their minds are eager and susceptible. A good catechist through his instruction lays a solid foundation for a congregation of staunch believers in future years. Good confirmation instruction makes the preaching more efficient, makes the work with troubled souls easier, and increases the spirit of love between pastor and catechumens. A bad catechist will usually produce contrary results. The purpose of the paper is to make a survey of the confirmation instruction which the children of a pastoral conference are receiving today

The mechanism of the Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1-benzenesulfonyl-2-bromomethylethyleneimine with benzene

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityWhen 1-benzenesulfonyl-2-bromomethylethyleneimine, I, is treated with aluminum chloride in benzene the only identifiable product, isolated in 30 percent yield, is N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)benzenesulfonamide, II. In earlier work on the mechanism of this reaction, several compounds had been tested by subjecting them to the same conditions as those employed in the conversion of 1- benzenesulfonyl-2-bromomethyleneimine, I, to N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)- benzenesulfonamide, II, and noting whether or not the same product, II, was obtained. The compounds so tested were a) 2-benzenesulfonamido-1,3-diphenylpropane, b) 2-benzenesulfonamido- 1-bramo-3-phenylpropane, c) 1-benzenesulfonamido-2- benzylethyleileimine, and d) N-( cinnamyl)-benzenesulfonamide. In the present work a fifth compound, 1-benzenesulfonyl-2-phenyl- · azetidine, XXVIII; was also tested in this manner. Only the last of these compounds, the 1-benzenesulfonyl-2-phenylazetidine, yielded II when subjected to the Friedel-Crafts conditions used in the original reaction. Moreover the yield of II was more than twice as large as the best yield reported in the production of II from I. [TRUNCATED

Steroid 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones: their preparation, separation, and characterization

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) derivatives of twelve ketonic steroids were prepared and characterized. The steroids were chosen to include adrenal, placental and testicular hormanes and metabolites of these hormones. It was found with the exception of adrenosterone-bis-DNPH that the DNPH's could be classified into four well defined groups on the basis of their ultraviolet spectra and that this classification could be correlated with the structures of the DNPH's. Within each group the compounds were similar to each other with respect to their melting points, color, solubilities and infrared spectra as well as their ultraviolet absorption spectra. Group 1a. - DNPH's of steroids having a single carbonyl group at the 17 or 20 position, having no double bond conjugated with the carbonyl group and having no adjacent hydroxyl groups. The steroids studied were pregnenolone, androsterone and dehydroisoandrosterone. These compounds were yellow, λmax. = 368-370 mµ, εmax = 24,250 ± 550) and had melting points of 249°- 255° ± 9°C. Group 1b. - DNPH's of monoketonic steroids having the Δ4-3-keto grouping as in testosterone and methyl testosterone. These compounds were red (λmax. = 392-394, εmax. = 31,000) and had melting points in the range 216-238°C. Group 2a. - DNPH's of diketonic steroids, one of whose carbonyl was of the type 1a. and the other of type 1b. The steroids studied were Δ4-androstenedione, progesterone and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone. These compounds were red-orange to red (λmax = 380-382, εmax. = 49,300 ± 500) and decomposed before melting. Group 2b. - DNPH's of diketonic steroids, as in group 2a., but with a hydroxyl group adjacent to the C-20 carbonyl. These compounds were red-orange (λmax. = 386, εmax. = 47,500 ± 2,600) and decomposed before melting. Evidence from the ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra is presented suggesting that in this group the product isolated is one of a pair of geometrical isomers, namely the one in which the DNPH group at 0-20 is syn with respect to the adjacent hydroxyl group and that the bathochromic shift in the ultraviolet spectra is due to stabilization of an excited resonance state by hydrogen bonding. Adrenosterone-bis-DNPH did not fall into any of the above groups and was considered separately. It was red-orange (λmax. = 376, εmax. = 43,600) and decomposed without melting. Infrared absorption spectra of all compounds are presented. These spectra indicate whether the compound is a mono- or bis- dinitrophenylhydrazone, whether the steroid had any hydroxyl groups and whether the original steroid had any carbonyl groups in unreactive positions, such as the C-11 position. In the case of the mono-dinitrophenylhydrazones the infrared spectra were detailed enough to identify the specific steroid empirically. Results are presented for the separation of mixtures of steroid DNPH's by various chromatographic systems. The system finally adopted consisted of alumina, previously treated with a solution of 1 per cent ethanol in benzene, as the stationary phase and benzene, methylene chloride as eluents. This system was used to separate a metabolite of testosterone as the dinitrophenylhydrazone, after incubation with human serum, from the un-metabolized substrate. By means of melting point determination, ultraviolet absorption spectra and infrared absorption spectra this metabolite was identified as Δ4-androstenedione, which is in agreement with similar results previously published

Impact of Sb and Na Doping on the Surface Electronic Landscape of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films

Open-circuit voltage deficiency is the key limiting factor in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin-film solar cells, which is commonly associated with band tails and deep gap states arising from elemental disorder. The introduction of dopants such as Na and Sb has led to improvement in device performance, yet their effects on the optoelectronic properties of CZTS are yet to be fully elucidated. In this Letter, we unraveled the effect of Sb and Na:Sb co-doping on the surface energy landscape of solution-processed CZTS films employing energy-filtered photoelectron emission microscopy. In the absence of the additives, 150 nm resolution photoemission maps reveal oscillations in the local effective work function as well as areas of low photoemission energy threshold. The introduction of dopants substantially reshapes the photoemission maps, which we rationalize in terms of Cu:Zn and Sn disorder. Finally, we establish unprecedented correlations between the photoemission landscape of thin films and the performance of over 200 devices

Hierarchical Cut Labelling -- Scaling Up Distance Queries on Road Networks

Answering the shortest-path distance between two arbitrary locations is a fundamental problem in road networks. Labelling-based solutions are the current state-of-the-arts to render fast response time, which can generally be categorised into hub-based labellings, highway-based labellings, and tree decomposition labellings. Hub-based and highway-based labellings exploit hierarchical structures of road networks with the aim to reduce labelling size for improving query efficiency. However, these solutions still result in large search spaces on distance labels at query time, particularly when road networks are large. Tree decomposition labellings leverage a hierarchy of vertices to reduce search spaces over distance labels at query time, but such a hierarchy is generated using tree decomposition techniques, which may yield very large labelling sizes and slow querying. In this paper, we propose a novel solution \emph{hierarchical cut 2-hop labelling (HC2L)} to address the drawbacks of the existing works. Our solution combines the benefits of hierarchical structures from both perspectives - reduce the size of a distance labelling at preprocessing time and further reduce the search space on a distance labelling at query time. At its core, we propose a new hierarchy, \emph{balanced tree hierarchy}, which enables a fast, efficient data structure to reduce the size of distance labelling and to select a very small subset of labels to compute the shortest-path distance at query time. To speed up the construction process of HC2L, we further propose a parallel variant of our method, namely HC2L$^p$. We have evaluated our solution on 10 large real-world road networks through extensive experiments