Standard Nitrogen Adsorption Data for Manganese Oxide and like (C = 40–60) Surfaces

Calcination to 1170 K of materials obtained by mild and intensive reduction of KMnO 4 and HMnO 4 solutions was found to produce manganese oxides assuming the crystalline bulk structure of α-Mn 2 O 3 Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K revealed that they also assume non-porous surfaces of low specific area (4 ± 1 m 2 /g) with C BET equal to 40–60; t- and α s -curves derived therefrom were found to coincide with those determined reportedly on non-porous surfaces of 11 < C BET < ∞, irrespective of the surface chemical similarity. The experimental and reported standard adsorption data were used to analyze a type-IV nitrogen adsorption isotherm determined at 77 K on a porous manganese oxide (δ-MnO 2 ) which was obtained by sol–gel processing of a KMnO 4 solution, and found to similarly reveal a mesoporous surface of S BET = 73 m 2 /g and C BET = 125. The close agreement between the surface area values (S t and S α ) derived for the test material (δ-MnO 2 ) from the t- and α s -plots thus obtained and its C BET value (73 m 2 /g) was the basis on which reference materials with 11 < C BET < ∞ were found to be appropriate. Since most of the appropriate reference materials were dissimilar chemically to the test material, the results of the present investigation may imply that the surface chemical similarity demanded by the α s -method is better manifested in terms of the surface activity (heat of adsorption monitored by the C BET value) than the chemical composition

Surface Modification with Alginate-Derived Polymers for Stable, Protein-Repellent, Long-Circulating Gold Nanoparticles

Poly(ethylene) glycol is commonly used to stabilize gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In this study, we evaluated the ability of cysteine-functionalized alginate-derived polymers to both provide colloidal stability to GNPs and avoid recognition and sequestration by the body's defense system. These polymers contain multiple reactive chemical groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) that could allow for ready functionalization with, for example, cell-targeting ligands and therapeutic drugs. We report here that alginate-coupled GNPs demonstrate enhanced stability in comparison with bare citrate-coated GNPs and a similar lack of interaction with proteins in vitro and long in vivo circulation as PEG-coated GNPs

Surface Modification with Alginate-Derived Polymers for Stable, Protein-Repellent, Long-Circulating Gold Nanoparticles

Poly(ethylene) glycol is commonly used to stabilize gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In this study, we evaluated the ability of cysteine-functionalized alginate-derived polymers to both provide colloidal stability to GNPs and avoid recognition and sequestration by the body’s defense system. These polymers contain multiple reactive chemical groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) that could allow for ready functionalization with, for example, cell-targeting ligands and therapeutic drugs. We report here that alginate-coupled GNPs demonstrate enhanced stability in comparison with bare citrate-coated GNPs and a similar lack of interaction with proteins <i>in vitro</i> and long <i>in vivo</i> circulation as PEG-coated GNPs

Limb-sparing surgery plus radiotherapy results in superior survival: an analysis of patients with high-grade, extremity soft-tissue sarcoma from the NCDB and SEER

Small randomized trials have not shown an overall survival (OS) difference among local treatment modalities for patients with extremity soft-tissue sarcomas (E-STS) but were underpowered for OS. We examine the impact of local treatment modalities on OS and sarcoma mortality (SM) using two national registries. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were analyzed separately to identify patients with stage II-III, high-grade E-STS diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 and treated with (1) amputation alone, (2) limb-sparing surgery (LSS) alone, (3) preoperative radiation therapy (RT) and LSS, or (4) LSS and postoperative RT. Multivariable analyses (MVAs) and 1:1 matched pair analyses (MPAs) examined treatment impacts on OS (both databases) and SM (SEER only). From the NCDB and SEER, 7828 and 2937 patients were included. On MVAs, amputation was associated with inferior OS and SM. Relative to LSS alone, both preoperative RT and LSS (HR, 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62-0.78) and LSS and postoperative RT (HR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.63-0.75) improved OS in NCDB analyses with confirmation by SEER. Estimated median survivals from MPA utilizing NCDB data were 7.2 years with LSS alone (95% CI: 6.5-8.9 years) vs 9.8 years (95% CI: 9.0-11.2 years) with LSS and postoperative RT. A MPA comparing preoperative RT and LSS to LSS alone found median survivals of 8.9 years (95% CI: 7.9-not estimable) and 6.6 years (95% CI: 5.4-7.8 years). Optimal high-grade E-STS management includes LSS with preoperative or postoperative RT as evidenced by superior OS and SM