Graphene-based ultrathin flat lenses

Flat lenses when compared to curved surface lenses have the advantages of being aberration free and they offer a compact design necessary for a myriad of electro-optical applications. In this paper we present flat and ultra-thin lenses based on graphene, the world’s thinnest known material. Monolayers and low number multilayers of graphene were fabricated into Fresnel zones to produce Fresnel zone plates which utilize the reflection and transmission properties of graphene for their operation. The working of the lens and their performance in the visible and terahertz regimes was analyzed computationally. Experimental measurements were also performed to characterize the lens in the visible regime and a good agreement was obtained with the simulations. The work demonstrates the principle of atom thick graphene-based lenses, with perspectives for ultra-compact integration.HB would like to thank The Leverhulme Trust for the research funding. QD is supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (121D11KYSB20130013).This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available from ACS at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ph500197j

Influence of angiogenetic factors and matrix metalloproteinases upon tumour progression in non-small-cell lung cancer

We attempted to investigate immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PD-ECGF), c-erbB-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 using surgical specimens of 119 non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cases and to evaluate the relationship between the expression levels of each molecule and clinicopathological factors or prognosis. VEGF expression levels were significantly associated with the local invasion (P = 0.0001), lymph node involvement (pN-factor) (P = 0.0019), pathological stage (p-stage) (P = 0.0027) and lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0389). PD-ECGF expression levels were associated with pN-factor (P = 0.0347). MMP-2 expression levels were associated with pN-factor (P = 0.004) and lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0056). Also, MMP-9 expression levels showed a significant correlation to local invasion (P = 0.0012), pN-factor (P = 0.0093) and p-stage (P = 0.0142). Multivariate analysis showed VEGF to be the most related to local invasion (P = 0.0084), and MMP-2 was the only factor with significant independent impact on lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0228). Furthermore, log-rank analysis showed significant association with poor survival by VEGF, bFGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Especially, combined overexpression of VEGF and MMP-2 revealed poor prognosis, our study might provide a basis for the better evaluation of biological characteristics and a new therapeutic strategy based on chemotherapy. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Non-technical Skills in Healthcare

AbstractNon-technical Skills (NTS) are a set of generic cognitive and social skills, exhibited by individuals and teams, that support technical skills when performing complex tasks. Typical NTS training topics include performance shaping factors, planning and preparation for complex tasks, situation awareness, perception of risk, decision-making, communication, teamwork and leadership. This chapter provides a framework for understanding these skills in theory and practice, how they interact, and how they have been applied in healthcare, as well as avenues for future research