Distribution of HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles and DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes among Tunisian patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by necrotic inflammation leading to hepatocyte destruction. The association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) with AIH development and onset is not fully elucidated especially in the Tunisian population.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the association of HLA class II alleles and DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes with AIH in Tunisian population.Patients and Methods: A total of 30 AIH patients and 60 healthy controls were included in the study. HLA class II typing was performed by Single-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) technique.Results: Among 13 DRB1 and 5 DQB1 alleles resolved, our results show a positive association of HLADRB1 ⁄03 (38.3% vs. 21.6%, OR = 2.24, P = 0.028) and negative association of HLA-DRB1⁄11 (3.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.019). The analysis of DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes in cases and controls revealed 11-shared haplotypes with a frequency exceeding 1%. HLA-DRB1⁄11-DQB1⁄03 haplotype showed a decreased frequency in AIH patients (1.6% vs. 15.8%, P = 0.009) and may be considered as an haplotype of resistance to AIH.Conclusions: To our Knowledge, this is the first study performed to detect the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles associated with predisposition to AIH in Tunisian patients. The search for HLA predisposing genes to AIH may permit an earlier diagnosis allowing a better management and treatment of the disease in order to avoid liver transplantation

Do the images of neuronal pathways in the human central nervous system show or not feed-back ? : a comparative study in 15 countries

In the human brain, the neuronal pathways are networks (which support learning) and work with permanent regulations (feedbacks). However, less than ¼ of illustrations in the analysed school textbooks of 15 countries is showing such regulations. Half of them are concerning the neuro-hormonal control of the reproduction; some are related to the control of the heart rhythm or breathing. Only in some countries the double innervations (gamma and alpha) of striated muscle is taught, and only a few countries are illustrating the neuronal networks in the brain. Most of these teachings are strongly under the influence of behaviourism.European project FP6 Biohead-Citizen CIT2-CT-2004-506015.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - LIBEC/CIFPEC - Unidade de investigação (16/644)

Features of financing budgetary medical organizations

The article considers the distinctive features of the financing of state medical organizations in Russia.В статье рассмотрены отличительные черты финансирования государственных медицинских организаций в России

Comparison of the risks of recurrent bleeding from class FI peptic ulcers after topical epinefrine topicle

The purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of current data on the likelihood of relapses after the use of local injections of epinephrine for endoscopic hemorrhage control classes FI according to J.A. Forrest in the upper gastrointestinal tract. An additional goal of this study is to develop a method for extracting relevant information from open literary sources to fill the database of the AI Forrest decision support system.Цель исследования – провести систематический обзор и мета-анализ современных данных о вероятности рецидивов после применения местных инъекций эпинефрина для эндоскопической остановки кровотечения классов FI по J.А. Forrest в верхних отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта. Дополнительной целью данного исследования является отработка метода извлечения из открытых литературных источников актуальной информации для наполнения базы данных системы поддержки принятия решения «AI Forrest» врачом-эндоскопистом

Les déterminismes biologiques. Analyse des conceptions et des changements conceptuels consécutifs à un enseignement sur l'épigenèse cérébrale chez des enseignants et des apprenants tunisiens.

DEA 2000 Doctorat 2007Initially, we analyzed the conception of 275 Tunisian teachers and identified in what some of the conceptions that could be obstacles to the training process. An analysing conception of the brain could be opposed to its conception in terms of neural networks. To put the brain at the orders of all the body, with relent of the body-spirit dualism, prevents from thinking its epigenesis and its building according to its own activity; and it is the same for a conception of a purely genetic or purely environmental determinism of our behaviours. To what extent do these obstacles depend on one's lack of knowledge, in particular the neural network and the cerebral epigenesis? To answer this question, we analyzed the conception of pupils (1 year before the school-leaving certificate) and of teachers (registered in DEA didactic or not) before and after teaching on the epigenesis (three teaching situations, among which one in videoconference). The results of this second part of the thesis confirm strong interactions that these two dimensions of the conception can improve following a teaching process.Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé les conceptions de 275 enseignants tunisiens et identifié en quoi certaines de ces conceptions pourraient être des obstacles aux apprentissages. Une conception anatomisante du cerveau pourrait s'opposer à sa conception en termes de réseaux neuronaux. Mettre le cerveau aux commandes de tout le corps, avec un relent de dualisme corps esprit, empêche de penser son épigenèse et sa construction en fonction de son activité propre ; il en est de même pour une conception d'un déterminisme purement génétique ou purement environnementale de nos comportements. Jusqu'à quel point ces obstacles ne dépendent-ils que d'un manque de connaissances, en particulier sur les réseaux neuronaux et l'épigenèse cérébrale ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons analysé les conceptions d'élèves (1an avant le bac) et d'enseignants (inscrits en DEA didactique ou autres) avant et après un enseignement sur l'épigenèse (trois situations d'enseignement, dont une en visioconférence). Les résultats de cette seconde partie de la thèse confirment que ces conceptions peuvent évoluer à la suite d'un enseignement