Przekonania a gotowość do agresji kobiet skazanych za popełnienie przestępstwa z użyciem przemocy

The monograph deals with the subject of conditions for violent female criminality. It presents predominantly cognitive determinants of readiness for interpersonal aggression manifested by women imprisoned for committing violent crimes. The theoretical part discusses the definition of aggression, aggressiveness and readiness for aggression. Three mechanisms of triggering aggression are presented in detail in the monograph, which constitute separate forms of readiness for aggression according to the theory proposed by A. Frączek. Subsequently, the concept of violence is discussed, presenting its various forms and the specificity of its use by both genders. The following chapters present the relationship between the cognitive system and the activation of aggressive behavior. The empirical part presents the results of the author’s own research. The aim was to analyze the relationship between selected beliefs of women committing violent crimes and their readiness to aggression, taking into account its three distinct forms: readiness for emotional-impulsive, habitual-cognitive and personality-immanent aggression. First, a comparison has been made between women imprisoned for violent crimes and women convicted for non-violent crimes, focusing on the severity of each form of readiness for aggression and the severity of particular beliefs studied in both groups. Next, cognitive risk factors of each of the three forms of readiness for aggression have been presented, identifying the mechanisms that shape their high intensity in the group of women imprisoned for violent crimes

Przekonania a gotowość do agresji kobiet skazanych za popełnienie przestępstwa z użyciem przemocy

In the last 30 years in Poland, the number of female suspects and women convicted of engaging in aggressive crime has significantly increased. At the same time Poland faced a number of socio-cultural changes, which led to changes of stereotypes and beliefs in society and probably also affected the increase of women's aggressiveness. The goal of this PhD Thesis was to analyze the relationship between the beliefs of women committing violent crimes and their readiness for aggression. Three patterns of readiness are distinguished: emotional-impulsive, habitual-cognitive and personality-immanent. The research used a sample of 173 women, who were detained in a prison or custody; women were then divided into two groups. The basic study group, (group A), included 96 accused or convicted of a violent crime, while the comparative group, (group B), included 77 women convicted of committing a non-violent crime. The study was conducted by the questionnaire method. Research examined the differences between imprisoned female offenders of violent crimes and women convicted of non-violent crimes in three patterns of readiness for interpersonal aggression and particular beliefs of the respondents concerning themselves, the world, people, and time frames. Furthermore, the dissertation determined risk factors and mechanisms shaping the high intensity of individual forms of readiness for aggression of women detained for committing crimes involving violence. The research revealed that women detained for committing crimes with the use of violence show a higher intensity of emotional-impulsive, habitual-cognitive, and personality-immanent readiness for aggression than the female perpetrators of crimes that do not bear the marks of violence. Among the cognitive variables, the strongest associated with readiness for aggression were present and future temporal orientations, the dimension of psychological masculinity, revenge and active entitlement, and self-esteem. Conducted regression analysis indicated that the most important predictors of emotional-impulsive readiness for aggression were: youth age, the high present hedonistic and a low past-positive time perspectives. The most important predictors of habitual-cognitive readiness for aggression turned out to be the dimension of psychological masculinity, experiencing violence in childhood, and positive valuation of factors influencing the use of violence. The most important predictors of personality-immanent readiness for aggression were: experiencing violence in childhood, youth age, and the dimension of psychological masculinity. The dissertation also presents detailed path models explaining partially the variability of each form of readiness for aggression. These models have obtained satisfactory matching indicators for empirical data. The obtained results may be applied in the area of prophylactic, rehabilitation, and therapeutic interactions dedicated to women with high level of readiness for aggression in order to minimize the risk of taking criminal behaviors

Symphytocarpus trechisporus (Myxogastrea) in Poland

Symphytocarpus trechisporus (Berk. ex Torrend) Nann.-Bremek. is rare in Poland, known previously from only one locality. Sixty years after the original report, this paper presents two new localities of it in separate regions of Poland. Although S. trechisporus is recorded mostly on Sphagnum sp., the taxon does not seem to be attached to a specific substrate; rather it is associated with acidic habitats

Macromycetes of Central European lichen Scots pine forests of the Cladonio-Pinetum Juraszek 1927 type in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park (NW Poland)

Between 2014 and 2016, research was carried out in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park, with the aim to investigate the diversity of species of macrofungi in Cladonio-Pinetum. The studies recorded 140 taxa of macromycetes, of which the majority was basidiomycete (136). The highest number of taxa of fungi (98) was found in 2016, while the lowest (76) was found in the first year of the study (2014). A total of 90 taxa were found in 2015. Among the identified species of macromycetes, Inonotus obliquus is on the list of protected fungi covered by partial legal protection and 23 reported species are on the “Red list of the macrofungi in Poland”, which is concerned with the protection of the habitat of Cladonio-Pinetum

Ischemic stroke in a pediatric patient – a case report

Background Childhood ischemic stroke (AIS) is a relatively rare disease with an estimated incidence of 1.3-13/100,000/year. It most commonly affects children under the age of 5. Major risk factors include arteriopathies, heart disease, hypercoagulable states and infections. Case report A 2-year-old patient was admitted to the Department of Neurology at the University Children's Hospital in Lublin after suffering a head injury 3 days earlier. Neurological examination revealed features of left hemiparesis. A CT scan revealed an uncharacteristic hypodense, poorly demarcated area, an indication for further diagnostics. MR imaging revealed diffuse ischemic lesions. Angio-MR showed a lack of signal within the branches of the right posterior cerebral artery. Based on the clinical picture and additional examinations, a diagnosis of ischemic stroke was made and pharmacological treatment was implemented. To determine the cause of the stroke, an echocardiogram was performed, which showed flaccid atrial septal tissue with a defect and a trace left-right leak. Genetic testing for congenital thrombophilia confirmed a 4G/4G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene. Conclusions Ischemic stroke is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The relatively rare occurrence among children and nonspecific symptoms may result in difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis. Each case of stroke in children requires a comprehensive diagnosis including neuroimaging studies and identification of specific risk factors

Preliminary investigations into the slime moulds (Myxogastria) in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park

Field investigations into slime moulds were conducted in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park in 2014. These were preliminary inventory studies, as research into myxogastria had not been conducted previously in this area. A total of 34 taxa (32 species, 2 varieties) belonging to 16 genera were identified. Of them, Stemonitopsis amoena (Nann.-Bremek.) Nann.-Bremek. is a species new to the biota of Poland. The taxon Symphytocarpus flaccidus is on the red list of slime mould rare in Poland. Localities of two species – Cribraria languescens Rex and C. pertenuis Flatau & Schirmer, were recorded in Poland for the second time

Intensity of Psychopathic Traits Among Imprisoned Women : Psycho-sociological Characteristics

Zaprezentowane badanie miało na celu określenie nasilenia cech psychopatii u kobiet przebywających w polskich zakładach karnych oraz zależności pomiędzy nim a warunkami socjalizacji rodzinnej, stylem funkcjonowania interpersonalnego, nasileniem i formami przejawianej agresji oraz hierarchią uznawanych przez nie wartości. Grupa badawcza liczyła99 kobiet, spośród których wyłoniono trzy grupy nasilenia cech psychopatycznych (opierając się na wynikach uzyskanych w Skali Obserwacyjnej Skłonności Psychopatycznych – PCL-R). Zastosowano takie narzędzia diagnostyczne jak: Skala Agresji (SABD), Skala Ustosunkowań Interpersonalnych (SUI), Skala Wartości Rokeacha (SW), analiza akt penitencjarnych, ankieta i dane z wywiadu. Badanie pokazało, iż wraz ze wzrostem nasilenia cech psychopatycznych w badanych grupach rosła liczba kobiet mających w swej przeszłości doświadczenia przebywania w placówkach opiekuńczych lub opiekuńczo-wychowawczych oraz kontaktu z rodzicem uzależnionym od alkoholu. Zgodnie z przewidywaniami okazało się, iż badane grupy różnią się pod względem przejawianych form agresji (zwłaszcza agresji fizycznej i słownej) oraz irytacji, a także stylów funkcjonowania interpersonalnego. Częściowe potwierdzenie znalazła również hipoteza mówiąca o istnieniu związku pomiędzy hierarchią wartości a nasileniem cech psychopatycznych. Kobiety o wyższym nasileniu cech psychopatycznych niżej ceniły wartość bezpieczeństwa rodziny w swojej hierarchii wartości ostatecznych

Preliminary investigations into the slime moulds (Myxogastria) in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park

Field investigations into slime moulds were conducted in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park in 2014. These were preliminary inventory studies, as research into myxogastria had not been conducted previously in this area. A total of 34 taxa (32 species, 2 varieties) belonging to 16 genera were identified. Of them, Stemonitopsis amoena (Nann.-Bremek.) Nann.-Bremek. is a species new to the biota of Poland. The taxon Symphytocarpus flaccidus is on the red list of slime mould rare in Poland. Localities of two species – Cribraria languescens Rex and C. pertenuis Flatau & Schirmer, were recorded in Poland for the second time

Draft Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium sp. 316, a Baltic Sea Isolate Exhibiting a High Level of Resistance to Marine Stress Conditions

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Flavobacterium sp. 316, isolated from brackish water of the Gulf of Gdansk, southern Baltic Sea. The assembly contains 3,971,755 bp in 17 scaffolds. The sequence will facilitate postgenomic studies on bacterial stress responses in the challenging habitat of the Baltic Sea

Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Variants and Expands the Genetic Landscape for Congenital Microcephaly

Congenital microcephaly causes smaller than average head circumference relative to age, sex and ethnicity and is most usually associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. The underlying etiology is highly heterogeneous and can be either environmental or genetic. Disruption of any one of multiple biological processes, such as those underlying neurogenesis, cell cycle and division, DNA repair or transcription regulation, can result in microcephaly. This etiological heterogeneity manifests in a clinical variability and presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, leaving an unacceptably large proportion of over half of microcephaly patients without molecular diagnosis. To elucidate the clinical and genetic landscapes of congenital microcephaly, we sequenced the exomes of 191 clinically diagnosed patients with microcephaly as one of the features. We established a molecular basis for microcephaly in 71 patients (37%), and detected novel variants in five high confidence candidate genes previously unassociated with this condition. We report a large number of patients with mutations in tubulin-related genes in our cohort as well as higher incidence of pathogenic mutations in MCPH genes. Our study expands the phenotypic and genetic landscape of microcephaly, facilitating differential clinical diagnoses for disorders associated with most commonly disrupted genes in our cohort