An Integrated Modeling and Data Management Strategy for Cellulosic Biomass Production Decisions

Emerging cellulosic bioenergy markets can provide land managers with additional options for crop production decisions. For example, integrating dedicated bioenergy crops such as perennial grasses and short rotation woody species within the agricultural landscape can have positive impacts on several environmental processes including increased soil organic matter in degraded soils, reduced sediment and nutrient loading in watersheds, and lower green house gas fluxes. Implementing this type of diverse bioenergy production system to maximize the potential environmental benefits requires a detailed understanding of the many interwoven aspects of environmental landscapes. This paper presents a dynamic framework-based integrated modeling and data management strategy that can design sustainable bioenergy cropping systems within the existing row crop production landscape of the Midwestern U.S. Critical environmental processes— including soil erosion from wind and water, and soil organic matter changes—are quantified by this integrated model to determine sustainable removal rates of agricultural residues for bioenergy production at the sub-field scale. Seven land management options for a 59 ha Iowa field are examined using the integrated model. These include a baseline case of sustainable residue removal and various incorporations of rye cover cropping and switchgrass use in marginal land. Relative to the baseline metrics, the adoption of rye cover crops with sustainable residue removal increases the total biomass sustainably available for biofuel production by 289% and reduces soil loss by 42%. Combining rye cover crops while displacing less productive and at-risk areas of the field with switchgrass increases the sustainable biomass available by 436% and decreases soil loss by 64%

Effects of Fish Populations on Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed Loon (G. adamsii) Lake Occupancy and Chick Production in Northern Alaska

  Predator populations are vulnerable to changes in prey distribution or availability. With warming temperatures, lake ecosystems in the Arctic are predicted to change in terms of hydrologic flow, water levels, and connectivity with other lakes. We surveyed lakes in northern Alaska to understand how shifts in the distribution or availability of fish may affect the occupancy and breeding success of Pacific (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed Loons (G. adamsii). We then modeled the influence of the presence and abundance of five fish species and the physical characteristics of lakes (e.g., hydrologic connectivity) on loon lake occupancy and chick production. The presence of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) had a positive influence on Pacific Loon occupancy and chick production, which suggests that small-bodied fish species provide important prey for loon chicks. No characteristics of fish species abundance affected Yellow-billed Loon lake occupancy. Instead, Yellow-billed Loon occupancy was influenced by the physical characteristics of lakes that contribute to persistent fish populations, such as the size of the lake and the proportion of the lake that remained unfrozen over winter. Neither of these variables, however, influenced chick production. The probability of an unoccupied territory becoming occupied in a subsequent year by Yellow-billed Loons was low, and no loon chicks were successfully raised in territories that were previously unoccupied. In contrast, unoccupied territories had a much higher probability of becoming occupied by Pacific Loons, which suggests that Yellow-billed Loons have strict habitat requirements and suitable breeding lakes may be limited. Territories that were occupied had high probabilities of remaining occupied for both loon species.  Les populations de prédateurs sont vulnérables aux changements de répartition ou de disponibilité des proies. En raison du réchauffement des températures, on prévoit que les écosystèmes lacustres de l’Arctique changeront pour ce qui est du régime hydrologique, des niveaux d’eau et de la connectivité avec d’autres lacs. Nous avons examiné des lacs du nord de l’Alaska pour comprendre comment les changements en matière de répartition ou de disponibilité des poissons peuvent avoir des incidences sur le taux d’occupation et sur le succès de reproduction du huart du Pacifique (Gavia pacifica) et du huart à bec blanc (G. adamsii). Ensuite, nous avons modélisé l’influence de la présence et de l’abondance de cinq espèces de poissons de même que les caractéristiques physiques de lacs (comme la connectivité hydrologique) par rapport au taux d’occupation lacustre des huarts et à la production d’oisillons. La présence du dallia (Dallia pectoralis) avait une influence positive sur l’occupation et la production d’oisillons chez le huart du Pacifique, ce qui suggère que les espèces de poissons au petit corps constituent une proie importante pour les oisillons. Aucune caractéristique de l’abondance des espèces de poissons n’a eu d’influence sur l’occupation lacustre du huart à bec blanc. L’occupation du huart à bec blanc a plutôt été influencée par les caractéristiques physiques des lacs qui contribuent aux populations de poissons persistantes, comme la taille du lac et la proportion du lac qui ne gelait pas en hiver. Toutefois, aucune de ces variables n’a exercé d’influence sur la production d’oisillons. La probabilité qu’un territoire inoccupé devienne occupé par le huart au bec blanc au cours d’une année subséquente était faible, et aucun oisillon huart n’a été élevé avec succès dans des territoires d’oisillons anciennement inoccupés. En revanche, les territoires inoccupés avaient une beaucoup plus grande probabilité de devenir occupés par les huarts du Pacifique, ce qui suggère que les huarts à bec blanc ont des exigences strictes en matière d’habitat et que le nombre de lacs convenant à la reproduction risque d’être limité. Les territoires qui étaient occupés avaient de fortes probabilités de rester occupés par les deux espèces de huarts

ICarbS, Volume 1, Issue 1

Contents Excerpts from The Underground Woman by Kay Boyle / 3 The Lawrence Durrell Collection by Ian MacNiven / 10 The John Dewey Papers Come to SIU-C by Jo Ann Boydston / 26 William James and George Santayana by Sidney Hook / 34 Hemingway\u27s Metaphysics in Four Stories by John M. Howell / 40 Robert Graves: The Artist and the Personality by Ted E. Boyle & Richard F. Peterson / 52 The Artist as Rebel: Francis Stuart by Jerry H Natterstad / 61 Pluses and Problems at Morris Library by Ralph E. McCoy / 67 Contributors / 75 Illustrations Durrell\u27s cover page for The Black Book typescript / 10 Durrel\u27s sketch for Justine dust jacket / 14 Working drafts for Uncebunke / 20 John Margulies drawing of John Dewey / 26 Dewey\u27s syllabus for Columbia lecture / 28 Dewey\u27s notes for Sarus lectures / 30 Presentation page of Principles of Psychology / 34 James a.l.s. to Santayana Hemingway\u27s After the Storm / 40 Hemingway\u27s a.d. in Africa / 44 Page 19 of the Macomber typescript / 46 Grave\u27s drawing for I, Claudius / 52 Manuscript cover for Claudius the God / 56 Cover Drawing of Kay Boyle by Werner Mer

ICarbS, Volume 3, Issue 2

Contents A Note on Hal Trovillion and the Powys Brothers by Kenneth Hopkins / 89 Harry Crosby, His Death, His Diaries by Edward B. Germain / 103 Harry Crosby\u27s Sun Code by Sasha Newborn / 111 The Crosbys: An Afterword by Kay Boyle / 117 The Later Caresse Crosby: Her Answer Remained Yes by Harry T. Moore / 127 A Letter from Voltaire by Henry Vyverberg / 135 Masters Works on Toward the Gulf by Herb Russell / 149 The Southern illinois University Library: A Century of Growth and Service by Kenneth G. Peterson / 152 Contributors / 166 Illustrations John Cowper Powys and Violet Trovillion, 1938 / 96 Pastel of Harry Crosby by Bradford Johnson, ca. 1923 / 102 Pastel of Caresse Crosby by Bradford Johnson, ca. 1923 / 104 Kay Boyle and Harry Crosby at LeMoulin du Soleil,. 1927 / 118 Caresse Crosby by Manuel Angeles Ortiz, 1928 / 126 Ezra Pound and Caresse Crosby, the 1960s / 132 Voltaire a.l.s., 14 April1754, to Father Joseph de Menoux / 142-144 Wheeler Library reading room, 1904 / 152 Flutes and Bones by Romare Bearden / Cove

ICarbS, Volume 4, Issue 1

Contents Ulysses S. Grant and the Ship Railway by John Y. Simon / 3 James Joyce\u27s Exiles and the Incorporated Stage Society by John MacNicholas I 10 Francis Stuart: From Laragh to Berlin by J. H. Natterstad / 17 The Dewey School Photographs by Ruth Bauner / 24 The Herbert Marshall Collection by Susan Siebert / 41 Henry Blake Fuller and the Bookman by Lee Deckelnick / 49 The Southern Illinois University Map Library by Jean M. Ray / 55 Contributors / 64 Illustrations Stage Society ballot for Exiles, 1916 / 10 The Dewey School, 1900-1903 / 24, 29-40 Paul Robeson, Herbert Marshall and Fredda Brilliant, ca. 1938 / 42 Ira Aldridge in Othello; broadside, Edinburgh, 1849 / 44 Henry Blake Fuller draft of letter, 1901 / 52-53 The New World, Amsterdam, 1698 / 5

ICarbS, Volume 1, Issue 2

Contents Piscator and Brecht: Closeness Through Distance by John Willett / 79 Erwin Piscator: A Checklist by Jurgen Stein / 95 Town Life in Southern Illinois during the Great Depression by David E. Conrad and Glen M. Jones / 121 Walt Whitman Answers a Collector by E. Earle Stibitz / 141 The Mexican Revolution of 1910: Perspectives from the Francisco Vazquez Gomez Papers by Anthony Bryan /145 Manuscript Collections in Morris Library by Ralph E. McCoy / 153 Illustrations Erwin Piscator in 1964 / 80 Erwin Piscator in 1941 / 86 Piscator t.l. to Brecht / 92 Nollendorfplatz theater poster / 100 Caricature of Erwin Piscator / 110 Herrin coalmine crew / 124 Flood ravaged Southern Illinois family / 130 Walt Whitman a.l.s. to a book collector / 142-143 Vazquez Gomez appointed Professor / 146 Teo Otto set design / Cove

ICarbS, Volume 3, Issue 1

Contents The Not-So-Retiring Ralph E. McCoy by Sidney E. Matthews / 5 The One Hundred Days by John Howard Lawson / 11 John Howard Lawson\u27s A Calendar of Commitment by Lee Elihu Lowenfish / 25 John Howard Lawson: Hollywood Craftsmanship and Censorship in the 1930s by Gary Carr / 37 Censorship in Chicago: Tropic of Cancer by Elmer Gertz / 49 The Richard Aldington Collection at Morris Library by Norman T. Gates / 61 T. S. Eliot, Robert Graves and The Criterion by Richard F. Peterson / 69 The Cairo of Maud Rittenhouse by Johnetta Jones / 74 Contributors / 86 Illustrations Ralph E. McCoy and the often-banned Ulysses / 4 John Howard Lawson / 12 John Howard Lawson picketing in the late 1940s / 26 Mordecai Gorelik set design for Processional! / 38 Henry Miller a.l.s., 16 March 1962, to Elmer Gertz / 52 Henry Miller t.l.s., 28 June 1964, to Elmer Gertz / 56 Richard Aldington as a successful young novelist / 60 Mordecai Gorelik set design for Processional! / Cove

ICarbS, Volume 2, Issue 2

Contents The Library of Living Philosophers: From a Personal Memoir by Paul Arthur Schilpp / 79 Einstein and the Library of Living Philosophers by Paul C. Rasmussen / 95 Philip E. B. Jourdain and the Open Court Papers by Elizabeth R. Eames / 101 Henry Nelson Wieman at Ninety by John Albin Brayer / 113 Unintentional History: Photographs of Litchfield by William F. Morton / 119 Robert Graves: The Art of Revision by John W. Presley / 133 The Open Court Papers by Claudia McKenzie Foster / 146 Contributors / 152 Illustrations Ernst Cassirer, Paul A. Schilpp, and G. E. Moore / 84 Albert Einstein and Paul Schilpp in Einstein\u27s study / 96 Albert Einstein to Paul Schilpp, t.l.s., 18 December 1949 / 98 Photographs of Litchfield, lllinois / 121-132 Early holograph draft of Between Hyssop and Axe / 140 Intermediate draft of the same Graves poem / 14