Main determinants of shaping the quality of air transport services

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the impact of the most important determinants on the selection of the best quality variant of the air service level, depending on the proposed price, standard, comfort, service quality, loyalty, scope of additional services and other criteria. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the determinants governing the choice of the air travel segment is based on available literature, statistical documentation, IATA and ULC, Airbus and Boeing, and mainly based on own empirical research. The tests carried out using the diagnostic survey method included two comparable periods in 2011 and 2018. They were carried out on a group of 321 passengers, who started their journey at Katowice-Pyrzowice, Kraków-Balice, Rzeszów-Jasionka and Lublin-Świdnik airports. Findings: The undertaken research based on own empirical study demonstrates the decisive importance of quality in creating the unique services and added value. The effectiveness of reasons determining the passengers’ movements between traditional and low-cost carriers, was also demonstrated as a result of the improvement of consumer service in internal, intersegmental and inter-branch conditions of competition. Practical Implications: The key determinant of obtaining a competitive market advantage by service providers is the improvement of passenger service quality at the departure port, on the aircraft and at the destination port. The skill and effectiveness of this dominant use is demonstrated by the level of elimination of unfavorable features of the service already in the design phase, the dimension of the outflow of loyal passengers to competitors, the number of new increments and the expansion of loyal customers, which is expressed in a synthetic way by the increase in purchases. Originality/Value: Comparison of services of traditional air carriers with the low-cost carriers on the polish market. Data can be compared with other countries.peer-reviewe

Model of Polish market of passenger air services in the conditions of EU standards

Purpose: The aim of the conducted research was to systematize the interdependencies existing on the market of air services and to identify the stimulators concerning models of sustainable development on this basis. . Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the determinants governing the choice of the air travel segment is based on available literature, analysis and statistical documentation of the air transport market for the years 2003-2017. The following hypothesis was adopted: possibility of survival and development of passenger air transport companies on the market, in the conditions of globalization, is attributed only to those entities that are able to construct an effective strategy of competing and improving economic efficiency. Findings: The search for effective solutions to this problem on the passenger air transport markets required active participation in complex structures of mutual connections as a result of dynamic variability of relations between its participants. Practical Implications: The anticipated effect of this process will be creation of a new transport segment, in which the most effective and the most attractive elements of consumer service, which was defined as the central segment, will be developed. Increasing intensity of market competition leads to the intensification of the process of mutual adaptation of innovations and the best solutions existing on the market by some entities, as a result of which the differences in consumer service and changes in the structure of the sector are evened out. Originality/Value: This work includes the analysis of the process of creating and strengthening the market advantage in conditions of changes in the structure and functioning of the European air transport market after enlargement of the European Union. The model of the dependence of demand preferences on the price and comfort of services as well as evolution of airline operation models, was presented.peer-reviewe

Polityka turystyczna województwa lubelskiego realizowana przez Urząd Marszałkowski

The aim of the study was characteristic regional tourism in Lubelskie Voivodeship, which implemented the Marshal Office. The desk research method was used in the paper. Lubelskie Voivodeship has several strategies, in which one of the important element is the tourism sector. In a short time, it will be released dedicated exclusively to tourism ”Programme for the tourist development of in the Lubelskie Voivodeship by 2020 with the prospect of 2030”. For the few years Departments in the Marshal Office were caring for the formation of a positive image and promotion Voivodeship in the Polish and international market. Their actions encourage tourists to visit the area. Many tasks associated with increasing tourist attractiveness of the Voivodeship, modernization of tourist development and respect for the environment, natural and anthropogenic values appeared in the Strategies. With available for the Voivodeship new EU-programs will be made part of measures to increase the competitiveness of the regions in Poland

Low-cost transport selection model on the Polish airline services market

PURPOSE: The aim of the research was to show the importance of factors determining the selection of a low-cost air carrier by Polish passengers, characteristic for individual age groups of respondents, and to determine the characteristics of Polish market for this segment of services.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research used the method of a diagnostic survey using a tool in the form of original questionnaire. The research was carried out in 2019 at all Polish airports and 1060 were used for statistical calculations.FINDINGS: Five of the eight determinants of choosing a low-cost carrier were included in the discrimination model. Statistically significant discriminant differences in the studied groups were: large number of connections (F=27.395; p<0.001); ability to use sales promotion (F=9.65; p<0.001); departure from regional port (F=9.320; p<0.001); opportunity to purchase auxiliary services on the carrier’s website (F=3.197; p=0.023); ticket price (F=2.669; p=0.046).PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The research shows that one of the key determinants of choosing a low-cost carrier is relatively low price of the flight. In addition, young people aged 18-30 years, besides the price, also pay attention to the number of connections. For people aged 31-45 and 46-60, one of the most important determinants of air travel are sales promotions, while for the oldest age group (>60 years), it is important to leave the regional port, which is close to where they live. It is also worth noting that Polish passengers attach less importance to the safety and punctuality of flights.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Results of the conducted analyses allowed to determine the degree of general importance of individual determinants in the selection of the carrier and hierarchy of their detailed significance for people in particular age ranges.peer-reviewe

Selected factors determining the development of the tourist services market in Poland

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to characterize and systematize selected determinants of the development of the tourist services market in Poland. It is used to present various concepts of factors, connections and stimulators of the tourism market.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The configuration and scope of the research process were based on available literature, statistical data, empirical calculations, and experiences of scientists dealing with the tourism market. The research results of the Central Statistical Office, the Polish Economic Institute,etc. were used.FINDINGS: The need for actions to improve the functioning of the tourism market has been demonstrated, including: limiting seasonality in tourist traffic, increasing the consumption of tourist services by foreign tourists, technological innovations in the field of digitization and "big data", etc.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The necessity, comprehensiveness and universality of research are becoming a modern requirement for the effectiveness of analyzes of the functioning of the tourism market. The issue of the impact of selected factors in the development of the tourism market in Poland presented in the study is aimed at: increasing its competitiveness compared to other countries in Europe and the world, increasing the tax revenues of the state budget from tourism, increasing the share of tourism in GDP.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The adopted course of analysis of the impact of selected factors in the development of the tourism market shows a further need to conduct comprehensive research, both theoretical and practical. In order to gain a competitive advantage in the development of the tourism market, activities for its development in the field of new technologies, e.g. digitization and "big data" calculations, should be strengthened.peer-reviewe

Comparing open-source DEM frameworks for simulations of common bulk processes

Multiple software frameworks based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) are available for simulating granular materials. All of them employ the same principles of explicit time integration, with each time step consisting of three main steps: contact detection, calculation of interactions, and integration of the equations of motion. However, there exist significant algorithmic differences, such as the choice of contact models, particle and wall shapes, and data analysis methods. Further differences can be observed in the practical implementation, including data structures, architecture, parallelization and domain decomposition techniques, user interaction, and the documentation of resources. This study compares, verifies, and benchmarks nine widely-used software frameworks. Only open-source packages were considered, as these are freely available and their underlying algorithms can be reviewed, edited, and tested. The benchmark consists of three common bulk processes: silo emptying, drum mixing, and particle impact. To keep it simple and comparable, only standard features were used, such as spherical particles and the Hertz-Mindlin model for dry contacts. Scripts for running the benchmarks in each software are provided as a dataset.</p

The importance of promotional activities in creating the tourist image of the region on the example of the city of Lublin

Miasto potrafi zachwycić, intrygować, ale też zniechęcić i odstraszyć. Chcąc zaistnieć na rozwijającym się rynku turystycznym miast, musi ono sprawnie ukazywać swoje walory oraz skutecznie sprzedawać swój atrakcyjny wizerunek. W tym celu władze miast coraz częściej sięgają po narzędzia z dziedziny marketingu, a w szczególności promocję.Głównym celem niniejszej pracy magisterskiej była próba określenia znaczenia promocji w kreowaniu turystycznego wizerunku miejsca na przykładzie miasta Lublin. Podjęto się identyfikacji działań promocyjnych zastosowanych w tym mieście, a także oceny ich wpływu na opinię potencjalnych turystów. Zastosowanym narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Analiza ankiety oraz innych danych źródłowych pokazała, że wizerunek Lublina po wprowadzeniu planu działań marketingowych, uległ poprawie. Miasto Lublin zaczęło być bardziej dostrzegane oraz wzbudza więcej zaciekawienia. Ma to swoje odzwierciedlenie w większej liczbie turystów przybywającej do miasta. Zauważono także związek pomiędzy zetknięciem się potencjalnego turysty z promocją Lublina, a jago opinią na temat wizerunku miasta. Osoby które nigdy nie były w Lublinie, a spotkały się z jakąkolwiek formą jego promocji, wskazywały bardziej pozytywne odpowiedzi, niż osoby które tej promocji nie widziały. Działania promocyjne podejmowane przez władze miasta Lublin w istotny sposób wpływają na jego wizerunek oraz pozycję na rynku turystycznym miast. Jednakże muszą być one wciąż kontynuowane oraz rozwijane.The city can delight, intrigue, but also discourage and scare. In order to appear on the developing tourism market of cities, it must efficiently show its assets and effectively sell its attractive image. For this purpose, city authorities are increasingly using marketing tools, in particular promotion.The main purpose of this Master's thesis was to determine the importance of promotion in creating the tourist image of the place on the example of the city of Lublin. Identification of promotional activities used in this city was undertaken, as well as assessment of their impact on the opinion of potential tourists. The research tool used was the author's questionnaire.The analysis of the survey and other source data showed that the image of Lublin after the introduction of the marketing action plan has improved. The city of Lublin began to be more noticed and arouses more interest. This is reflected in a larger number of tourists arriving to the city. There was also a link between the contact of a potential tourist with the promotion of Lublin and his opinion on the image of the city. People who have never been in Lublin, but have met with any form of its promotion, showed more positive responses than people who had not seen this promotion. Promotional activities undertaken by the city of Lublin significantly influence its image and position on the tourist market of cities. However, they must still be continued and developed

Application of adsorption on activated carbon in various technological systems in sewage plants

The effectiveness of activated carbon in the removal of water pollutants, especially those in trace amounts, with which other methods cannot handle is being increasingly highlighted. The aim of the paper was to describe how to apply the process of adsorption on activated carbons for the removal of water pollutants in different technological systems of the sewage farm. They are used in the third stage of mechanical-biological treatment, as a final purification process of physico-chemical treatment of industrial waste or municipal waste water with high concentrations of toxic substances which prevent biological treatment and a supporting process of biological waste by the addition of powdery carbon to a chamber comprising activated sludge where adsorption occurs simultaneously with the process of biochemical decomposition of organic impurities

Discharge Flow of Spherical Particles from a Cylindrical Bin: Experiment and DEM Simulations

A series of the DEM simulations of the outflow of wooden spheres from a flat-bottomed container was reported, considering the maximum diameter to arrest the flow. Numerical simulations of the discharge process were performed, and the micro-mechanics of the discharged particles were described. The effect of the sliding friction coefficient between particles, rolling friction coefficient, and modulus of elasticity of particles on the clogging process was investigated. The results of the simulations of the mass flow rate of spheres have shown a fairly close agreement with the experimental results. The real particles of wood were not perfectly spherical, their properties were anisotropic, and their frictional properties were non-homogenously distributed on the surface. Nevertheless, these deviations from ideal conditions did not produce a considerable discrepancy in the results. No direct relationship between the interparticle friction and the clogging was found; however, a relationship between the stability of the dome formed at flow arrest and the rolling friction was observed. An increase in Young’s modulus of particles by two orders of magnitude did not affect the clogging process, but a slightly higher probability of clogging was found for softer particles