ВПЛИВ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ НА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МЕРЕЖЕВИХ СТРУКТУР В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to determining the influence of social capital onthe functioning of network structures in the knowledge economy. Definitionsof networks and network structures are analyzed. Social capital is definedas a common basis for all levels of network structures. The levels ofnetwork structures and social capital are determined. It is noted that socialcapital provides high economic efficiency of network structures by achievinga synergistic effect of the interaction of their individual participants. It isestablished that the effectiveness of innovative development of theenterprise largely depends on the network of socio-economic relations ofthe enterprise, aimed at accumulating its social capital. Socio-economicrelations of the enterprise are considered as a formed system of informationand communication elements of social and economic nature, which allowsthe enterprise to function and develop. The scheme of social and economicrelations of the enterprise in their close interaction and interdependencewith the external environment is given. There are three groups of relationsin the network of socio-economic relations: social external relations, socialinternal relations and economic relations. The structure of each of thegroups is revealed. It is established that the internal relations of theenterprise are reflected in its foreign economic relations and vice versa. Thescientific novelty of the study is to consider network structures through theprism of social capital and the development of the enterprise scheme as anetwork of socio-economic relations, which are the basis for the formationof social capital. in associations with other enterprises, through thedevelopment of social capital. The influence of digitalization on theformation of consumer demand, the satisfaction of which requires newsocial connections and the corresponding social capital, is shown. Furtherresearch requires methods and tools for the formation and development ofsocial capital in network structures at the inter-organizational level ofinteraction.Статья посвящена определению влияния социального капитала нафункционирование сетевых структур в условиях экономики знаний.Проанализированы определения сетей и сетевых структур. Определеносоциальный капитал как общая основа для всех уровней сетевыхструктур. Определены уровни сетевых структур и социального капитала.Отмечено, что именно социальный капитал обеспечивает высокуюэкономическую эффективность сетевых структур через достижение имисинергетического эффекта от взаимодействия отдельных их участников.Установлено, что эффективность инновационного развития предприятияв значительной степени зависит от сети социально-экономическихотношений предприятия, направленной на накопление его социальногокапитала. Представлена схема социально-экономических связейпредприятия в их тесном взаимодействии и взаимозависимости свнешней средой. Выделены три группы связей в сети социальноэкономических связей: социальные внешние связи, социальныевнутренние связи и экономические связи. Установлено, что внутренниевзаимосвязи предприятия имеют отражение в его внешнеэкономических связях и наоборот. Научная новизна исследованиязаключается в рассмотрении сетевых структур через призму социальногокапитала и разработке схемы предприятия как сети социальноэкономических связей, которые являются основой для формированиясоциального капитала.Стаття присвячена визначенню місця та ролі соціального капіталу у мережевих структурах в умовах цифровізації. Проаналізовано визначення мереж та мережевих структур. Визначено соціальний капітал як спільну основу для всіх рівнів мережевих структур. Визначено рівні мережевих структур та соціального капіталу. Зазначено, що саме соціальний капітал забезпечує високу економічну ефективність мережевих структур через досягнення ними синергетичного ефекту від взаємодії окремих їх учасників. Встановлено, що ефективність інноваційного розвитку підприємства значною мірою залежить від мережі соціально-економічних відносин підприємства, що спрямована на нагромадження його соціального капіталу. Представлено схему соціально-економічних зв’язків підприємства в їх тісній взаємодії та взаємозалежності із зовнішнім середовищем. Виділено три групи зв'язків в мережі соціально-економічних зв'язків: соціальні зовнішні зв’язки, соціальні внутрішні зв’язки та економічні зв’язки. Встановлено,  що внутрішні взаємозв’язки підприємства мають відображення у його зовнішньо-економічних зв’язках, і навпаки. Показано вплив цифровізації на формування споживчого попиту, задоволення якого  потребує нових соціальних зв’язків та відповідного соціального капіталу. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у розгляді мережевих структур  через призму соціального капіталу та розробці схеми підприємства як мережі соціально-економічних зв’язків, які є основою для формуваннясоціального капіталу.

Fluid Dynamics of NSR Strings

We show that the renormalization group flows of the massless superstring modes in the presence of fluctuating D-branes satisfy the equations of fluid dynamics.In particular, we show that the D-brane's U(1) field is related to the velocity function in the Navier-Stokes equation while the dilaton plays the role of the passive scalar advected by the turbulent flow. This leads us to suggest a possible isomorphism between the off-shell superstring theory in the presence of fluctuating branes and the fluid mechanical degrees of freedom.Comment: 24 pages Dedicated to the memory of Ian Koga

Conformal Moduli and b-c Pictures for NSR Strings

We explore the geometry of the superconformal moduli of the NSR superstring theory in order to construct the consistent sigma-model for the NSR strings, free of picture-changing ambiguities. The sigma-model generating functional is constructed by the integration over the bosonic and anticommuting moduli, corresponding to insertions of the vertex operators in scattering amplitudes. In particular, the integration over the bosonic moduli results in the appearance of picture-changing operators for the b-c system. Important example of the b-c pictures involves the unintegrated and integrated forms of the vertex operators. We derive the BRST-invariant expressions for the b-c picture-changing operators for open and closed strings and study some of their properties. We also show that the superconformal moduli spaces of the NSR superstring theory contain the global singularities, leading to the appearance of non-perturbative solitonic D-brane creation operators.Comment: 22 pages, references adde

Ecological interpretations of nitrogen isotope ratios of terrestrial plants and soils

Background Knowledge of biological and climatic controls in terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling within and across ecosystems is central to understanding global patterns of key ecosystem processes. The ratios of 15N:14N in plants and soils have been used as indirect indices of N cycling parameters, yet our understanding of controls over N isotope ratios in plants and soils is still developing. Scope In this review, we provide background on the main processes that affect plant and soil N isotope ratios. In a similar manner to partitioning the roles of state factors and interactive controls in determining ecosystem traits, we review N isotopes patterns in plants and soils across a number of proximal factors that influence ecosystem properties as well as mechanisms that affect these patterns. Lastly, some remaining questions that would improve our understanding of N isotopes in terrestrial ecosystems are highlighted. Conclusion Compared to a decade ago, the global patterns of plant and soil N isotope ratios are more resolved. Additionally, we better understand how plant and soil N isotope ratios are affected by such factors as mycorrhizal fungi, climate, and microbial processing. A comprehensive understanding of the N cycle that ascribes different degrees of isotopic fractionation for each step under different conditions is closer to being realized, but a number of process-level questions still remain

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Akseptor Keluarga Berencana dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan dengan Minat Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP)

Family planning aims at reducing maternal mortality rates and reducing population growth rate with the main target of couples of childbearing age. One of the family planning options offered is long-term reversible contraceptive method (MKJP). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with interest in using MKJP in the work area of Camplong health center, Fatuleu sub-district, Kupang regency in 2018. The research was quantitive study with cross-sectional approach. The sample of 77 people was selected using simple random sampling. The instrument uses was a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques consisted of descriptive and bivariate analysis (chi-square test) with α= 0,05. The study indicated that knowledge (p-value= 0,09) and the role of health workers (p-value =0,001) were associated with the use of the MKJP while attitude (p-value = 0,765) and husband support (p-value = 0,131) had no relationship with MKJP. Health center needs to regularly provide information to the community about the advantages of MKJP especially for couples of childbearing age who have already had more than three children

Total Cross Section, Inelasticity and Multiplicity Distributions in Proton -- Proton Collisions

Multiparticle production in high energy proton -- proton collisions has been analysed in the frame of Strongly Correlated Quark Model (SCQM) of the hadron structure elaborated by the author. It is shown that inelasticity decreases at high energies and this effect together with the total cross section growth and the increasing with collision energy the masses of intermediate clusters result in the violation of KNO -- scaling.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Yad. Fisik

Scaling Distributions of Quarks, Mesons and Proton for all pTp_T, Energy and Centrality

We present the evidences for the existence of a universal scaling behavior of the production of $\pi^0$ at all transverse momenta in heavy-ion collisions at all centralities and all collision energies. The corresponding scaling behavior of the quarks is then derived just before the quarks recombine with antiquarks to form the pions. The degradation effect of the dense medium on the quark $p_T$ is derived from the scaling distribution. In the recombination model it is then possible to calculate the $p_T$ distributions of the produced proton and kaon, which are scaling also. Experimentally verifiable predictions are made. Implications of the existence of the scaling behavior are discussed.Comment: 10 pages in RevTeX, including 14 figures in eps file

Novel Scaling Behavior for the Multiplicity Distribution under Second-Order Quark-Hadron Phase Transition

Deviation of the multiplicity distribution $P_q$ in small bin from its Poisson counterpart $p_q$ is studied within the Ginzburg-Landau description for second-order quark-hadron phase transition. Dynamical factor $d_q\equiv P_q/p_q$ for the distribution and ratio $D_q\equiv d_q/d_1$ are defined, and novel scaling behaviors between $D_q$ are found which can be used to detect the formation of quark-gluon plasma. The study of $d_q$ and $D_q$ is also very interesting for other multiparticle production processes without phase transition.Comment: 4 pages in revtex, 5 figures in eps format, will be appeared in Phys. Rev.

Characteristics of alpha projectile fragments emission in interaction of nuclei with emulsion

The properties of the relativistic alpha fragments produced in interactions of 84^Kr at around 1 A GeV in nuclear emulsion are investigated. The experimental results are compared with the similar results obtained from various projectiles with emulsion interactions at different energies. The total, partial nuclear cross-sections and production rates of alpha fragmentation channels in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and their dependence on the mass number and initial energy of the incident projectile nucleus are investigated. The yields of multiple alpha fragments emitted from the interactions of projectile nuclei with the nuclei of light, medium and heavy target groups of emulsion-detector are discussed and they indicate that the projectile-breakup mechanism seems to be free from the target mass number. It is found that the multiplicity distributions of alpha fragments are well described by the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling presentation. The mean multiplicities of the freshly produced newly created charged secondary particles, normally known as shower and secondary particles associated with target in the events where the emission of alpha fragments were accompanied by heavy projectile fragments having Z value larger than 4 seem to be constant as the alpha fragments multiplicity increases, and exhibit a behavior independent of the alpha fragments multiplicity.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables (in press

On-shell Recursion in String Theory

We prove that all open string theory disc amplitudes in a flat background obey Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW) on-shell recursion relations, up to a possible reality condition on a kinematic invariant. Arguments that the same holds for tree level closed string amplitudes are given as well. Non-adjacent BCFW-shifts are related to adjacent shifts through monodromy relations for which we provide a novel CFT based derivation. All possible recursion relations are related by old-fashioned string duality. The field theory limit of the analysis for amplitudes involving gluons is explicitly shown to be smooth for both the bosonic string as well as the superstring. In addition to a proof a less rigorous but more powerful argument based on the underlying CFT is presented which suggests that the technique may extend to a much more general setting in string theory. This is illustrated by a discussion of the open string in a constant B-field background and the closed string on the level of the sphere.Comment: 36 + 9 pages text, one figure, v3: added discussion on relation to old-fashioned factorization, typos corrected, published versio