A Re-Examination of Kaldor’s Engine-of-Economic Growth Hypothesis for the Turkish Economy

The purpose of this study is to re-examine the validity of Kaldor’s engine-of-economic growth hypothesis (1966) for the Turkish economy in the context of time series analyses. The data used in this study are quarterly and cover the period of 1998:Q1-2015:Q4. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration was used to investigate the long-run dynamic relationship between industrial and non-industrial aggregate outputs. The results identify the long-run relationship between industrial and non-industrial economic performance. The Toda-Yamamoto approach to Granger causality test was employed to detect the causal links between industrial output and non-industrial aggregate output. Causality test results also support the causal implication of the engine-of-growth hypothesis for the case of Turkey

Recovery from work by playing video games

Integrating the dualistic model of passion in the recovery literature, the present study investigates how playing video games after work hours can facilitate recovery from work stress. We predicted that passion for gaming would relate to gaming more hours in the evening. Next, we hypothesized that playing video games in the evening would relate to (a) feeling recovered the next morning through psychological detachment and (b) feeling vigorous the next morning through mastery experiences while gaming. We further hypothesized that harmonious passion would strengthen, and obsessive passion would weaken the links between gaming hours and (a) psychological detachment and (b) mastery. In total, 65 employees filled in short questionnaires in the mornings and evenings of at least five workdays (total n = 502). Results of multilevel hierarchical regression analyses supported the proposed mediation model, indicating that playing video games indeed helps replenish energy resources during leisure time. Findings additionally showed that gaming also predicted feeling recovered in the morning through mastery experiences. Players with a harmonious passion may benefit more from playing video games; harmonious (but not obsessive) passion strengthened the relationship between gaming and mastery experiences.</p

Insulin resistance and serum leptin levels in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the insulin resistance andserum leptin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), and to compare body mass indexes (BMI) of OSAS patients withmatched controls without OSAS.Method: Twenty eight patients having apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)?5included in the study. Thirty two healthy subjects assumed as a controlgroup. Venous blood was obtained in the fasting state for themeasurement of glucose, insulin and leptin levels. Insulin resistanceindex was based on the homeostasis model assesment method (HOMAIR).Result: There was no significant difference in the serum leptin levels(control group, 32.88±24.22 ng/ml, OSAS group, 24.93±25.84 ng/ml) and HOMA-IR (control group, 3.01±1.81, OSAS group, 2.58±1.21)between control group and OSAS patients. Insulin resistance and circulatingplasma leptin concentrations in OSAS patients were independentof the AHI and were not different from the control group.Conclusion: We concluded that insulin resistance and plasma leptinconcentrations are mostly associated with the degree of obesity andBMI. Those parameters seem not to be related with the AHI in OSASpatients

Evaluation of Speech, Spatial Perception and Hearing Quality in Unilateral, Bimodal and Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users

Objective:The aim of the study was to conduct a scale-based evaluation of the hearing skills of unilateral, bimodal and bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users, including distinguishing, orientating and locating speech and environmental sounds in their surrounding environment that they are exposed to in different contexts of everyday life. The scale results were compared between groups.Methods:A total of 74 cochlear implant users, 30 unilateral, 30 bimodal and 14 bilateral, were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 11 to 64 years. Participants were assessed using the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ).Results:Bilateral CI users’ subjective ratings of their own hearing skills were found to be significantly better than those of bimodal and unilateral CI users; bimodal users' subjective ratings were also found to be significantly better than those of unilateral CI users. Paired comparisons showed statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of total scores of Speech, Spatial, Qualities of Hearing and General SSQ (p<0.05).Conclusion:Our findings show that bilateral use of cochlear implants should be recommended for those presently using bimodal and unilateral devices. Moreover, subjective tests should be used regularly along with objective tests for evaluating CI patients

The relationship between work-related smart phone using and work-home balance: The mediating role of workaholism

İş ve ailenin her ikisi de çoğu yetişkin insanın yaşamında önemli bir role sahiptir. İş saatleri sonrası aşırı düzeyde iş amaçlı akıllı telefon kullanımı iki tarafın da taleplerini karşılayabilmeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bireylerin iş amaçlı akıllı telefon kullanmasıyla işlerinin ev hayatlarını engellemesi sürecinde işkolik davranışların nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Örneklem, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak, iş için akıllı telefon sağlayan şirketlerde çalışmakta olan 224 kişiden oluşmuştur. Araştırma modelini test etmek amacıyla yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, işkolikliğin akıllı telefon kullanımının işin ev hayatına müdahalesine etkisinde aracılık rolü oynadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sonuca göre çalışanların iş saatleri sonrasında akıllı telefonlarını iş amaçlı kullanımlarının zararlı sonuçları olabileceği görülmüştür. Kurumlara iş saatleri sonrasında iş amaçlı iletişim kurma konusunda yeni düzenlemeler önerilmektedir.Work and family have an important role in the life of most of the adults. Extensive use of work related smart phone makes it difficult to handle the demands that come from both sides. In this study, it is focused that how workaholic behaviors influenced the process of individual work related use of smartphones and their work’s interference on their private life. Through the snowball sampling method, the sample of the study consisted of 224 employees from various companies which provide a smartphone for work. To test the research model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. According to the results, it was found out that workaholism has a mediation effect between smart phone using and work – home interference. Accordingly, it can be deducted that work-related smartphone use after work hours has detrimental effects for individual employees. Therefore organizations are suggested to regulate their work-related after-work-hours communication procedures

Superior cluneal nerve entrapment neuropathy due to lower crossed syndrome: A case with low back pain [Alt çapraz sendroma bağlı superior kluneal sinir tuzaklanma nöropatisi: Bel ağrılı bir olgu sunumu]

The superior cluneal nerve (SCN) is a sensory nerve known to be originated from the dorsal rami of the lower thoracic and lumbar nerve roots. One of the overlooked causes of low back pain (LBP) is the SCN Entrapment Neuropathy (SCNEN). SCNEN may also be associated with SCN stretching due to lumbar movement and the poor body posture through an increase in the paravertebral muscle tonus. A 59-year-old female patient presented with chronic LBP localized on the right iliac crest and radiating to the right buttock, groin, and leg. She had increased lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt. She had a tender point over the right iliac crest, and the pain was radiating to the buttock and posterolateral thigh (Tinel sign +). She was diagnosed with lower crossed syndrome and SCNEN, and a therapeutic nerve block was performed. Clinicians should consider SCNEN as a possible diagnosis of LBP

BAT-TR: Turkish adaptation of Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)

Avrupa ülkeleri arasında Türkiye, çalışanın bilişsel, duygusal ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlarını olumsuz etkileyen iş tükenmişliğinin oldukça yüksek olduğu ülkelerden birisidir. Bu anlamda Türkiye’de tükenmişlik düzeyinin doğru ölçülmesi ve müdahaleler geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bugüne kadar tükenmişliğin ölçümünde en çok kullanılan ölçeğin kavramsal, teknik ve uygulama anlamında önemli eksikliklerinin bulunduğunun tespit edilmesi üzerine bu eksiklikleri gideren yeni bir tükenmişlik ölçümü geliştirmek için Tükenmişlik Ölçeği Konsorsiyumu 26 ülkeden katılımcılarla Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) Ölçeğini geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı BAT’ı Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Bu amaçla üç çalışma yürütülmüştür. İlk çalışmada 295 katılımcılı bir çalışma ile ölçek tercümesi tamamlanmış ve faktör yapısı belirlenmiş, ikinci çalışmada 399 kişilik bir örneklem ile ölçeğin yapı geçerliği ve güvenirliği sınanmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada ise İş Talepleri-Kaynakları Modeli (İT-K, Demerouti ve ark., 2001) çerçevesinde 2778 katılımcılı bir çalışma ile ölçeğin nomolojik geçerliği test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde BAT’ın Türkçe formunun (BAT-TR) dördü birincil ve ikisi ikincil olmak üzere altı faktörlü yapıya sahip olduğuna dair görgül destek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, ölçekten elde edilen tükenmişlik puanlarının, İT-K (Demerouti ve ark., 2001) modeline uygun olarak iş talepleri tarafından pozitif olarak ve iş kaynakları tarafından negatif olarak yordandığı görülmüştür. BAT-TR’nin tükenmişliği ölçen Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) ve Oldenburg Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (OTÖ) ile pozitif, çalışmaya tutkunluk ile negatif ilişkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, BAT-TR’nin, işle ilgili tutum ve davranışları MTÖ ve OTÖ’nün ötesinde açıklayarak artışlı geçerliğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla, BAT-TR’nin dört kök faktörü ve iki ikincil semptomlu yapısı kullanılarak ölçeğin geçerliği ve güvenirliğine dair güçlü kanıtlar bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın literatüre katkıları ve kısıtlamaları tartışılmış, BAT-TR ölçeğinin Türkiye’deki tükenmişlik araştırmalarında kullanılabilecek bir ölçek olduğu önerilmiştir.Like many other European countries, Turkey has a high rate of employee burnout which negatively affects employees’ cognitive, emotional, and physiological functions. In this regard, accurate measurement of burnout and the development of interventions in Turkey are critical. It has been determined that the scale that has been used most frequently in the measurement of burnout has significant conceptual, technical, and application deficiencies. Thus, the Burnout Scale Consortium developed the Burnout Assesment Tool (BAT), with participants from 26 countries, to address these shortcomings. The purpose of this study is to adapt BAT to Turkish. Three studies were conducted for this purpose. First, the scale translation was completed, with the factorial structure being determined through a study of 295 participants. For the second study, the scale’s reliability and validity was tested with a study of 399 participants. For the third study, the scale’s nomological network validity was tested with a study of 2,778 participants, using the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R; Demerouti et al., 2001). As a result, the empirical evidence was found to support the six-factor structure, of which four are primary and two are secondary. Additionally, in line with the JD-R model (Demerouti et al., 2001), it was discovered that job demands positively predicted the scale, while job resources negatively predicted it. The BAT-TR was found to have a positive correlation with both the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Oldenburg Burnout Scale (OBS), but a negative correlation with work engagement. Additionally, it has been observed that, when compared to MBI and OBS, it has incremental validity for work-related attitudes and behaviors. Thus, the BAT-TR four core factors and two secondary symptoms provide strong evidence for the validity and reliability of the Turkish form. A discussion is presented with contributions to the literature and the study’s limitations, suggesting that the BAT-TR scale can be used in burnout research in Turkey

The relationship between dietary magnesium intake and sleep quality and fatigue: Cross-sectional study

Amaç: Magnezyumun uyku ve yorgunluk ile ilgili konularda et- kili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, erişkin bireylerde diyet magnezyum alımı ile uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel ça- lışma, Nisan-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında 211 erişkin birey ile Google Forms çevrim içi platformunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluğu etkileyebilecek sağlık sorunlarına sahip olanlar dâhil edil- memiştir. Katılımcılara genel bilgiler, besin tüketim sıklığı ve miktarı formu, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi ve Yorgunluk Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nden oluşan bir anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Bireylerin yaş ortalaması 25,99±7,252 yıldır. Katılımcıların %71,6’sında magnezyum alımı yeterli iken %25,6’sında ise fazla magnezyum alımı mevcuttur. Magnezyum grupları arasında uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeyi açı- sından anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Yeterli ve fazla magnezyum alan gruplar arasında yalnızca eğitim durumu açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Yaş ile yorgunluk puanı arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Uyku kalitesi kötüleştikçe yorgunluk düzeylerinin arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Badem tüketimi- nin artmasıyla uyku kalitesinin iyileştiği, kepekli ve tam buğday ekmek tüketiminin artmasıyla uyku kalitesinin kötüleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Kır- mızı ve yeşil mercimek, Antep fıstığı, muz ve tahin tüketiminin artma- sıyla yorgunluk seviyesinin azaldığı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Magnezyum alımı ile uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamış olsa da spesifik olarak magnezyumdan zengin be- sinler ile hem uyku kalitesi hem de yorgunluk arasında anlamlı ilişki- ler olduğu saptanmıştır.ABSTRACT Objective: Magnesium is thought to be effective in issues related to sleep and fatigue. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and sleep quality as well as fatigue in adults. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 211 adult individuals on the Google Forms online platform between April and May 2021. Those with health problems that could affect sleep quality and fatigue were not included. A questionnaire consisting of general information, food consumption frequency and amount form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Fatigue Rating Scale was applied to the participants. Results: The mean age of the individuals was 25.99±7.252 years. While 71.6% of the participants had adequate and 25.6% had excessive magnesium intake. No significant difference was found between the magnesium groups in terms of sleep quality and fatigue level. A significant difference was found between the groups that received adequate and excess magnesium only in terms of educational status (p<0.05). A negative correlation was found between age and fatigue score (p<0.05). As sleep quality worsened, fatigue levels increased (p<0.05). It was determined that the sleep quality improved with the increase in almond consumption, and the sleep quality worsened with the increase in the consumption of whole wheat bread. It was found that the level of fatigue decreased with the increase in consumption of red and green lentils, pistachios, banana and tahini (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between magnesium intake and sleep quality and fatigue, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between magnesium-rich foods and both sleep quality and fatigue

Comparison of Biopsy, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Hepatosteatosis in Live Liver Donor Candidates

Aim:The presence of hepatosteatosis (HS) in the donor has negative effects on the results of liver transplantation (LT). Therefore, the detection of donor HS is vital during the pre-transplant period. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of liver biopsy and radiological methods in the detection of HS in live liver donor candidates.Materials and Methods:Two hundred twenty-six healthy individuals who were admitted to Demiroğlu Bilim University as donor candidates for LT were included in the study. Demographic, histopathological, laboratory and imaging findings of the donors were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the donors were retrospectively reevaluated and liver fat measurements were recorded.Results:39% (88) of the patients were female and 61% (138) were male. In the study population, the mean age was 34.3±8.7 years, the mean weight was 78.0±12.6 kg, the mean height was 169.1±9.6 cm, and the mean body mass index was 27.2±4.0. 42% of donors had 5% HS in liver biopsy. Both CT and MRI showed significant correlations with biopsy in HS detection (p<0.05).Conclusion:In our study, it was found that MRI correlated with biopsy as much as CT and could be used easily in the detection of HS. The use of MRI in liver donors may be more appropriate for donor health prior to transplantation

Disability Distribution of Geriatric Patients Applying to the Board of Health for Disabled in a Rural Region

Objective:To determine the demographic characteristics, disability ratios, and disability distribution of geriatric patients who applied to an educational research hospital in the rural region to receive a health board report in order to benefit from the disability rights.Materials and Methods:The hospital archive was searched and the records between 01/01/2016 and 31/12/2016 were examined. The demographic characteristics of the patients, whether they were “severely disabled” or not, the number of patients with disabilities according to organ systems were determined and the disability ratios were calculated based on the “Regulation on Disability Criterion, Classification and Health Board Reports for Disability”. A list of diseases constituting the rate of disability was established and its numbers were determined.Results:Among the 699 geriatric patients who referred to the health board, 426 (60.9%) were female and 273 (39.1%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 77.62±7.74 years (minimum: 65, maximum: 104) (female: 78.07±7.54, male: 76.93±8.02), the mean disability ratio was 79.96±17.79% (10-100). The average disability ratio of females was 79.66±17.61% and the average disability ratio of males were 80.41±18.24%. There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female groups in terms of the mean disability ratio (p=0.239). Of the 202 (28.9%) patients who were considered to be severely disabled, 123 were female (60.9%) and 79 were male (39.1%). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female groups in severely disabled ratios (p=0.457). The first three organ systems constituting disability ratio in patients were the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system, and the visual system. The number of patients with disabilities in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system was higher in women, but there was no statistically significant difference between the disability percentages of these systems.Conclusion:The highest rate of disability has been seen in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and visual system in geriatric patients. In the practice of routine geriatric outpatient clinics, the pathologies of these organ systems should be evaluated in more detail and managed before creating disability