Catalogue of the Brazilian Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) material in the mite collection of Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil

This catalogue lists the Ixodes species deposited in the mite collection of Instituto Butantan, providing Information on their hosts and distribution. The collection includes the types ofl. amarali, L cooleyi and l. ricinus aragaoi. It also includes the newly designated lectotypes andparalectotypes of l. amarali

Aspectos epidemiológicos de acidentes de lacraias (Scolopendromorphae: Chilopoda) em região urbana de São Paulo, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: The lack of basic knowledge on venomous arthropods and the benignity of the clinical manifestations contribute to the centipede bite victims' not being taken to a treatment reference center, leading to underestimation of the number of cases and minimizing the possibility of a broader epidemiological view. An inventory of the centipede bite occurrences in Greater S. Paulo, Brazil, and the therapeutic methods employed, by the main Brazilian medical center for the notification of poisoning by venomous animals, is presented. METHOD: All patient cards of the period 1980-1989 have been checked as to place, month and time of occurrence; sex, age, affected part of the body, signs and symptoms have been observed, as well as the therapeutic methods employed. The centipedes that caused the accidents were identified at the Arthropods Laboratory. RESULTS: It was registered 216 accidents, with a 69% predominance of the Greater S. Paulo and in only 63% of the cases (136) was the agent brought in by the victim for identification. The genera most frequently represented were Cryptops (58%), Otostigmus (33%) and Scolopendra (4%). Of the 136 cases, 87% showed erythema, edema, hemorrhage, burns, cephalalgia, and intense pain. There was a predominance of accidents in the warm rainy season, in the morning and for females between 21 and 60 years of age. Hands and feet were the parts of the body most affected. The benign evolution of the clinical picture (54%) made therapeutical treatment unnecessary. Only the victims of Scolopendra and Otostigmus (46%) were medicated with anesthetics (51%), analgesics (25%), antihistamines and cortisone (24%). CONCLUSION: The reproductive period of the centipedes, associated with their sinanthropic habits, contributes to the greater incidence of accidents in urban areas in the warm rainy season. Only patients bitten by Scolopendra and Otostigmus require therapeutical treatment.INTRODUÇÃO: A falta de conhecimentos básicos e a benignidade clínica contribuem para que o acidentado por lacraia não seja encaminhado a um centro de referência para tratamento. Assim, realizou-se estudo para inventariar os acidentes por lacraias na Grande São Paulo, Brasil, e apresentar a terapêutica utilizada. MÉTODO: Entre 1980 e 1989 investigaram-se os prontuários médicos quanto ao local, mês e horário dos acidentes; sexo, idade e região do corpo atingida, sinais, sintomas e terapêutica. RESULTADOS: Dos 216 acidentes, 69% ocorreram na Grande São Paulo e, em 63%, o agente causal foi identificado. Os gêneros Cryptops, Otostigmus e Scolopendra foram os mais representativos, apresentando em 87% dos casos sintomatologia evidente. Os acidentes predominaram na estação chuvosa quente, período matutino, no sexo feminino entre 21 e 60 anos nas extremidades das mãos e pés. Somente os picados por Scolopendra e Otostigmus, receberam tratamento terapêutico. CONCLUSÃO: O período de reprodução na estação chuvosa-quente, associado ao sinantropismo, favorece o aumento dos acidentes em áreas urbanas. Os acidentados por Scolopendra e Otostigmus requerem tratamento terapêutico

Trap and soil monolith sampled edaphic spiders (arachnida: araneae) in Araucaria angustifolia forest

As florestas com Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze estão ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil, e são praticamente inexistentes as informações sobre a diversidade de famílias de aranhas de solo associadas nestes ambientes. O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar, em florestas com araucária naturais e reflorestadas, impactadas ou não pela queima acidental, a abundância e diversidade de famílias de aranhas, além de identificar o método mais eficiente para coletar estes organismos. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro áreas: floresta nativa com predominância de araucária (NF); reflorestamento de araucária (R); reflorestamento de araucária submetido a incêndio acidental (RF); e pastagem natural com araucárias nativas e ocorrência de incêndio acidental (NPF). Considerando os dois métodos de amostragem (Monólito e armadilhas de solo), foram identificadas 20 famílias de aranhas associadas às áreas. O método das armadilhas de solo foi mais eficiente, capturando 19 das 20 famílias registradas, enquanto o do Monólito extraiu apenas dez destas famílias de aranhas. A abundância de famílias de aranhas e o índice de diversidade de Shannon (H) foram afetados pelo método de coleta utilizado, sendo os valores destes atributos sempre superiores na NF e inferiores na NPF. A análise de correspondência (AC) demonstrou que existe separação espacial entre as áreas estudadas. Sugere-se que as modificações na abundância de famílias de aranhas de solo sejam provocadas principalmente pelas intervenções antrópicas que as florestas de araucária vêm sofrendo nos últimos anos.Forests with Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze trees are endangered in Brazil, and information on the diversity of soil spider families associated to these environments is practically inexistent. The present study was set up to evaluate the abundance and diversity of soil spider families in natural and reforested Araucaria forests, impacted or not by fire, and to identify the most efficient method to collect these organisms. The study was conducted in four areas: native forest with predominance of Araucaria (NF); Araucaria reforestation (R); Araucaria reforestation submitted to an accidental fire (RF); and native grass pasture with native Araucaria and submitted to an intense accidental fire (NPF). Considering both sampling methods (Monolith and Pitfall traps), 20 spider families were identified. The pitfall trap method was more effective as it captured 19 out of the 20 recorded families, while the Monolith method extracted only ten spider families. Spider family abundance and Shannon's diversity index (H) were affected by the employed collection method; the values for these attributes were always higher for the NF and lower for the NPF. Correspondence analysis (CA) showed a spatial separation among spider familiy assemblages from the different studied areas. It is suggested that changes in the abundance of soil spider families in Araucaria forests are mainly caused by recurrent human intervention over the last few years

Epidemiological aspects of centipede (Scolopendromorphae: Chilopoda) bites registered in Greater S. Paulo, SP, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The lack of basic knowledge on venomous arthropods and the benignity of the clinical manifestations contribute to the centipede bite victims' not being taken to a treatment reference center, leading to underestimation of the number of cases and minimizing the possibility of a broader epidemiological view. An inventory of the centipede bite occurrences in Greater S. Paulo, Brazil, and the therapeutic methods employed, by the main Brazilian medical center for the notification of poisoning by venomous animals, is presented. METHOD: All patient cards of the period 1980-1989 have been checked as to place, month and time of occurrence; sex, age, affected part of the body, signs and symptoms have been observed, as well as the therapeutic methods employed. The centipedes that caused the accidents were identified at the Arthropods Laboratory. RESULTS: It was registered 216 accidents, with a 69% predominance of the Greater S. Paulo and in only 63% of the cases (136) was the agent brought in by the victim for identification. The genera most frequently represented were Cryptops (58%), Otostigmus (33%) and Scolopendra (4%). Of the 136 cases, 87% showed erythema, edema, hemorrhage, burns, cephalalgia, and intense pain. There was a predominance of accidents in the warm rainy season, in the morning and for females between 21 and 60 years of age. Hands and feet were the parts of the body most affected. The benign evolution of the clinical picture (54%) made therapeutical treatment unnecessary. Only the victims of Scolopendra and Otostigmus (46%) were medicated with anesthetics (51%), analgesics (25%), antihistamines and cortisone (24%). CONCLUSION: The reproductive period of the centipedes, associated with their sinanthropic habits, contributes to the greater incidence of accidents in urban areas in the warm rainy season. Only patients bitten by Scolopendra and Otostigmus require therapeutical treatment

Epidemiological aspects of centipede (Scolopendromorphae: Chilopoda) bites registered in Greater S. Paulo, SP, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The lack of basic knowledge on venomous arthropods and the benignity of the clinical manifestations contribute to the centipede bite victims' not being taken to a treatment reference center, leading to underestimation of the number of cases and minimizing the possibility of a broader epidemiological view. An inventory of the centipede bite occurrences in Greater S. Paulo, Brazil, and the therapeutic methods employed, by the main Brazilian medical center for the notification of poisoning by venomous animals, is presented. METHOD: All patient cards of the period 1980-1989 have been checked as to place, month and time of occurrence; sex, age, affected part of the body, signs and symptoms have been observed, as well as the therapeutic methods employed. The centipedes that caused the accidents were identified at the Arthropods Laboratory. RESULTS: It was registered 216 accidents, with a 69% predominance of the Greater S. Paulo and in only 63% of the cases (136) was the agent brought in by the victim for identification. The genera most frequently represented were Cryptops (58%), Otostigmus (33%) and Scolopendra (4%). Of the 136 cases, 87% showed erythema, edema, hemorrhage, burns, cephalalgia, and intense pain. There was a predominance of accidents in the warm rainy season, in the morning and for females between 21 and 60 years of age. Hands and feet were the parts of the body most affected. The benign evolution of the clinical picture (54%) made therapeutical treatment unnecessary. Only the victims of Scolopendra and Otostigmus (46%) were medicated with anesthetics (51%), analgesics (25%), antihistamines and cortisone (24%). CONCLUSION: The reproductive period of the centipedes, associated with their sinanthropic habits, contributes to the greater incidence of accidents in urban areas in the warm rainy season. Only patients bitten by Scolopendra and Otostigmus require therapeutical treatment

Otostigmus (Dactylotergitius) caudatus Brolemann 1902

<i>Otostigmus (Dactylotergitius) caudatus</i> Brölemann, 1902 <p>Figs. 1–10</p> <p> <i>Otostigmus caudatus</i> Brölemann, 1902: 37 –39; Kraepelin, 1903: 132; Attems, 1930: 161. <i>Otostigmus (Dactylotergitius) caudatus</i> Verhoeff, 1937: 11; Bücherl, 1939b: 259; 1941: 307. <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caudatus</i> Bücherl, 1974: 111.</p> <p> Type specimens: <i>O. caudatus</i> holotype male (MZSP 197) from Francisco Morato [Bélem], state of São Paulo; paratypes male and female (MZSP 199, 198) from Paranapiacaba [Alto da Serra] and Itapetininga, state of São Paulo; co-type male (MNHN DCXXXVII) from Itapetininga.</p> <p> Additional material examined: BRAZIL: Amazonas: <i>Manaus</i>, (MNRJ 57948), 1 ex.; <i>Paraíba</i>: João Pessoa, Buraquinho, (MNRJ 15086), 1 ex., P. F. L. D., 11-VI-1967; <i>Bahia</i>: Salvador, (Loteamento Alfavile), (MNRJ 15180), 10 ex., G. G. Montingelli, 11-31-X-2001, Porto Seguro, Arraial da Ajuda, (MNRJ 15241), 1 ex., Exped. Arachne, 24-27-II-2005; <i>Goiás</i>: Nova Roma (IBSP 124), 1 ex., J. Kretz, 14 VIII 1942; Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (MNRJ 15140), 4 ex., 21-XI-1940; São Domingos, Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca, MNRJ, 1 ex., A. Chagas, IX-2001; <i>Distrito Federal</i>: Brasília, (MNRJ 15041), 1 ex., G. G. Montingelli, X-1999; <i>Mato Grosso</i>: Rio Branco, (IBSP 747), 1 ex., F. de Fonseca, VI-1959; <i>Mato Grosso do Sul</i>: Brasilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Sergio Motta, Fazenda Cisalpina, (IBSP 1382), 2 ex., M. Sciaretta, 17 VII 2000, Brasilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Sergio Motta, Fazenda Cisalpina, (IBSP 1463), 3 ex., R. Bertani & C. Y. Fukami, 8-12 VIII 2000, Anaurilândia, (IBSP 1449, 1450, 1460), 6 ex., 1999; <i>Minas Gerais</i>: Rio Preto, (MNRJ 15242), 4 ex., Exped. Arachne, 14-20-V-2001; <i>Espírito Santo</i>: Pinheiros, (MNRJ 15244), 1 ex., Exped. Arachne, 23-X-2005, Sooretama (MNRJ 15246), 1 ex., Pellens, R., VIII-2000, Fundão (MNRJ 15247), 1ex., A. F. Barbosa, 15-VII-2002, Santa Teresa, Santa Lucia, (MNRJ 15245), 1 ex., A. Giupponi & M. Mirelli, 11- 12-V-2005; <i>Rio de Janeiro</i>: Barra de São João (MNRJ 15240), 4 ex., Exped. Arachne, 24-III-2003, Rio de Janeiro, Campo Grande, (MNRJ 15243), 1 ex., H. N. Cunha, 28-X-1964, Itatiaia, (MNRJ 15248), 1 ex., Volta Redonda, (IBSP 281), 1 ex., Padres Beneditinus, 29 III 1944; Petrópolis, (IBSP 1480), 1 ex., F. S. cunha et all, II 2000; <i>São Paulo</i>: São Paulo, Instituto de Lepra, (IBSP 245), 1 ex., 25-VIII-1944, Instituto Biológico, (IBSP 278), 1ex., J. Ferraz, 10-V-1944, Santana, (IBSP 355), 1 ex., W. Bücherl, 08-IV-1943, Ipiranga, (IBSP 391), 1 ex., E. Krögee, III-1945, (IBSP 428) 1 ex., A. Silva, 17-IX-1943, Santana, (IBSP 458), 1 ex., W. Bücherl, 14- IV-1945, Freguesia do Ó, (IBSP 973), 1 ex., A. Ozores Junior, 27-XI-1968, Vila Sônia, (IBSP 980), 2 ex., A. D. Russo, 28-VII, Jardim Bonfiglioli, (IBSP 1008), 1 ex., M. S. Fonseca, Morumbi, (IBSP 1314), 1 ex., T. M. Batista, 6-I-1995, Morumbi, (IBSP 1321), 1 ex., A. P. Santos, 12-XII-1984, (IBSP 1336), 1ex., N. S. Geraldo, 30-IX-1993, Parque dos Príncipes, Jardim Adalgisa, (IBSP 372, 1373), 3 ex., Equipe Lab. Artrópodes, 16-I-1987, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km. 40, Cachoeira Paulista, (IBSP 1416), 1 ex., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 24-VI-1999, Parque Ipê, (IBSP 1429), 1 ex., M. L. Amaral, 15- XII-2000, (IBSP 1483), 1 ex., N dos S. Geraldo, 30-IX-1993; São Miguel Paulista (IBSP 822), 1 ex., A. Castellucci, 15-III-1954; Guarulhos (IBSP 641), 1 ex., L. Viban, 18-III-1951; Osasco (IBSP 1430), 1 ex., L. R. Souza, 08-III-2001; Itatins, Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Juréia, (IBSP 1320), 1 ex., A. D. Brescovit et. al., XII- 1998; Itapevi (IBSP 1451), 1 ex., J. Bartoski, 7-XII-2000; Francisco Morato (IBSP 1324), 1 ex., M. R. M. Aulicino, 13-X-1995; Barueri (IBSP 541, 543), 2 ex., J. Q. Morcira & J. Arentes, 06-08-X-1947, (IBSP 1067), 1 ex., M. P. Santos, 5-V-1980; Jandira (IBSP 977), 1 ex., M. Chiavelli, 23-IV-1969; Vargem Grande (IBSP 1359), 1 ex., F. A. de Q. Ablas, 5-III-1992; Taboão da Serra (IBSP 1315), 1 ex., H. T. G. Grotto, 27-VI-1988; São Sebastião (MNRJ), 1 ex., U. Caramaschi, 29-I-1982; Serra da Bocaina (MNRJ), 1 ex., A. Timotheo, 22-X- 1960; Ilha de Alcatrazes (IBSP 409, 413, 416, 417, 431, 452, 454, 499, 510, 531, 538, 545, 550, 556) 20 ex., Expedição Butantan, 24-II-1948, Ilha de Alcatrazes (IBSP 630), 1 ex., Expedição Butantan, II-1950; Ilha da Queimada Grande (IBSP 1004), 5 ex., Expedição Butantan, 9-13-IX-1970; São Sebastião, Ilha Bela (IBSP 576, 581, 623, 628, 681, 853), 6 ex., L. Urban, XI-1949; Ilha de Castilho (IBSP 828), 1 ex., 15-III-1945; Juréia [Peruíbe, Itatins] (IBSP 1472), 1 ex., A. D. Brescovit et. Al;.Garça (IBSP 501), 1 ex., 26-XII-1945; Itu (IBSP 502), 1 ex., 29-XII-1945, Rio Claro (IBSP 366), 1 ex., J. A. Moreira, 19-VII-1943; Rosana [Porto Primavera] (IBSP 1433, 1436, 1438, 1443), 15 ex., Equipe Instituto Butantan, 1999-2000; <i>Paraná</i>: Foz do Jordão (MHNCI), 10 ex., A. Chagas, V-1995; <i>Santa Catarina</i>: Florianópolis [Lagoa] (IBSP 51) 1 ex., I. Cordeiro, 27- IX-1935; <i>Rio Grande do Sul</i>: Uruguaiana (IBSP 453), 1 ex., D. Mengue, 28-IX-1943; Tupanciritã (IBSP 624), 1 ex., C. Temer, 14-X-1949.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> Body color commonly purple, dark blue or light blue (living specimens). Antennae with 18 antennomeres, the first two glabrous, the remaining antennomeres densely covered with short yellow setae Cephalic plate, tergites and sternites smooth; complete paramedian sutures from 6th to 20th tergite; sternites with two short anterior sutures from 4th to 16th, posterior border of sternite 21 slightly concave. Ultimate tergite of males with digitiform prolongation (“appendix”) and coxopleuron without coxopleural process.</p> <p> <b>Redescription of male:</b> Body length 25 mm (holotype). Body color commonly purple, dark blue or light blue; legs and antennae light blue; setae of antennae yellow (living specimens). <i>Cephalic plate</i> smooth, wider than long (2.8 mm/ 2.5 mm), oval in the front part, without marginal sutures or depressions, but with fine punctuations (Fig. 1). <i>Antennae</i> reaching back to the sixth segment, with 18 antennomeres, rarely 17; first two antennomeres glabrous, third glabrous dorsally, but pubescent ventrally; the remaining antennomeres are covered with short yellow setae. <i>Forcipular coxosternum</i> with fine punctuations, tooth plates wider than long, with a setae in the middle of each plate; 5+5 teeth, trochanteroprefemoral process with two (or three) teeth on the medial margin (Fig. 2). <i>Tergites</i> smooth, with shallow complete paramedian sutures from 6th (7th) to 20th tergite; lateral carina present on the ultimate (21st) tergite. The posterior margin of tergite 21 presents a digitiform prolongation, longer than the tergite (Figs. 3, 4, 5). The apex of the digitiform prolongation is rounded, flattened laterally (where it forms a socket) and bearing a series of yellowish setae on each side (Fig. 11) <i>Sternites</i> smooth, but with fine punctuations; with two anterior sulci from the 4th to 16th sternite (Fig. 6); sternite 21 shorter than the preceding one, longer than wide, with posterior margin concave (Fig. 3). <i>Coxopleuron</i> with numerous small irregular pores, posterior part of the coxopleuron with a little rounded prominent lobe, without coxopleural process or spines (Fig. 3, 4, 10). <i>Legs</i>: (holotype) first leg with two tarsal spurs and one tibial and one femoral spur; legs 2 to 11 missing, 12th to 19th legs with one tarsal spur, 20th and 21st legs without spur; ultimate legs long, without spines on the prefemur.</p> <p> <b>Variation:</b> Legs usually with two tarsal spurs on the first three, four or five legs, sometimes to 11th or 13th; one tarsal spur on the fourth, fifth or sixth legs, sometimes on 12th or 14th and without spur on the 20th and 21st.</p> <p> <b>Redescription of female:</b> Same characters as male, except for tergite 21 and the coxopleura. In females the posterior margin of tergite 21 is angulate, but not extended as in males (Fig. 8). The terminal portion of the coxopleura does not present the prolongation or rounded shape (Figs. 7, 9).</p>Published as part of <i>Chagas-Júnior, Amazonas, Knysak, Irene & Guizze, Samuel P. G., 2007, Revalidation of the subgenus Dactylotergitius Verhoeff, and redescription of Otostigmus (D.) caudatus Brölemann and Otostigmus (D.) cavalcantii Bücherl (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Otostigminae), pp. 57-67 in Zootaxa 1639</i> on pages 59-61, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/179644">10.5281/zenodo.179644</a&gt

Otostigmus (Dactylotergitius) cavalcantii Bucherl 1939

<i>Otostigmus (Dactylotergitius) cavalcantii</i> Bücherl, 1939 <p>Figs. 12–22</p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Coxopleurotostigmus) cavalcantii</i> Bücherl, 1939a: 54 –57; 1939b: 259; 1941: 306.</p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) cavalcantii</i> Bücherl, 1974: 111, 112.</p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Coxopleurotostigmus) cavalcantii perdicensis</i> Bücherl, 1943: 85 –89. <b>New Synonymy.</b></p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) perdicensis</i> Bücherl, 1974: 112.</p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caudatus insularis</i> Bücherl, 1949: 4 nec <i>Otostigma carinatum</i> var. <i>insulare</i> Haase, 1887, replaced by <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caudatus hogei</i> Bücherl, 1974: 111. <b>New Synonymy.</b></p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Coxopleurotostigmus) cavalcantii iberaensis</i> Coscarón, 1955: 398 –399. <b>New Synonymy.</b></p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) kretzii</i> Bücherl, 1939a: 58 –60; 1939b: 272; 1941: 312; 1974: 113. <b>New Synonymy.</b></p> <p> <i>Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) sternosulcatus</i> Bücherl, 1946: 3 –4; 1974: 117. <b>New Synonymy.</b></p> <p> <b>Type specimens:</b> syntypes (IBSP 48, 46, 90, 97, 69) the first three from Canoinhas [Lagôa], Santa Catarina, the remaining ones from Bandeirantes and São Carlos, São Paulo respectively. <i>O. cavalcantii perdicensis</i>: holotype (IBSP 303) from Pinheiro Preto [Perdizes], Santa Catarina. <i>O. cavalcantii iberaensis</i>: holotype male (MLP 174) from Reserva Natural del Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina. <i>O. kretzii</i>: holotype female (IBSP 38) from Igarapava, São Paulo. <i>O. sternosulcatus</i> holotype (MNHCI 16) from Teixeira de Freitas [Rio d`Areia] and paratype (MNHCI 22) from Contenda, both in the state of Paraná. <i>O. caudatus hogei</i>: holotype (IBSP 50) and 2 males paratypes (IBSP 77) (see remarks Chagas-Jr, 2001: 264) from Ilha da Queimada Grande.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined:</b> Brazil: <i>Bahia</i>: Canavieiras (IBSP 805) 1 ex., C. Goffergé, 04-X-1945; <i>Mato Grosso</i>: Terenos (IBSP 536), 1 ex., P. Scheich, 17-IX-1947; <i>Mato Grosso do Sul</i>: Usina Hidrelétrica Sergio Motta, Fazenda Cisalpina,Brasilândia (IBSP 1383, 1458), 3 ex., M. Sciaretta, 17-VII-2000; <i>Minas Gerais</i>: Uberlândia (MNRJ 15251), 3 ex., Leonardo; Rio de Janeiro: <i>Rio de Janeiro</i>, Represa Jacarepaguá, (MNRJ 15125), 1 ex., Berla, 3-II-1944, (15256), 1 ex., H. N. Cunha, 18-VII-1964, Cachoeira de Macacu (MNRJ 15257), 1 ex., Giupponi, A & González, A., 8-12-XII-2001; <i>São Paulo</i>: Ribeirão Grande (MNRJ 15233, 15249, 15250), 12 ex., R. Bérnils, F. Straube & E. Conde, 23-30-IV-2002, Ilha da Queimada Grande (IBSP 152, 994, 999), 10 ex., Equipe Instituto Butantan, 04-VIII-1969; Vicente Carvalho (IBSP 247), 1 ex., A. Aguiar, 6-VIII-1942; Atibaia (IBSP 901), 1 ex., P. Villela, VI-1960; Presidente Epitácio (IBSP 1394, 1395, 1396, 1400, 1401, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1419, 1454, 1455, 1468, 1494, 1496), 16 ex., J. P. Guadanucci & R. Bertani, 20-25-III-2001; São Paulo (IBSP 459), 1 ex., B. Ribeiro, 26-XI-1941; Barueri (IBSP 1417), 1 ex., J. da Costa, 2-VI-2000; Rosana (Porto Primavera) (IBSP 1432, 1434, 1435, 1440, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1493, 1495), 10 ex., Equipe Instituto Butantan, 1999-2000; Panorama (IBSP 1476), 1 ex., Equipe Instituto Butantan, 1999; Botucatu (MNRJ 15252), 4 ex., 2003; <i>Paraná</i>: Curitiba, (MNRJ 15076), 1 ex., R. Bérnils, 13-III-2001, (MNRJ 15176), 1 ex., A. Chagas, 14-I-2001, Araucária, Cidade Industrial, (MNRJ 15067), 3 ex., R. Bérnils, 11-II-2001, Irati, (MNRJ 15254), 1ex., D. Carmo, 07-VII-2004, Cornélio Procópio, (MNRJ 15253), 1 ex, Denise, B., XII-1997, Paranavaí, (MNRJ 15255), 1 ex., Angel, W., 09-III- 2003, Foz do Jordão (MNHCI); 15 ex., A. Chagas, V-1995; <i>Santa Catarina</i>: Santa Cecília (MNRJ 15066), 1 ex., Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Kury, A. & Giupponi, A., 11-III-1999.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> Body color commonly purple, dark blue or blue (living specimens). Cephalic plate, tergites and sternites smooth. Antennae with 18 antennomeres, first two glabrous, the remaining antennomeres with short yellow setae; complete paramedian sutures from 7th to 20th tergites; sternites with two short anterior sulci from 3rd (4th) to 19th, posterior border of the last sternite straight, lightly concave or concave. Male with digitiform appendix on the last tergite and with a pointed coxopleural process (appendix).</p> <p> <b>Redescription:</b> Body length reaching 36–40 mm in males and 42–45 mm in females. Body color commonly metallic purple, dark blue or blue, legs and antennae light blue; setae of the antennae yellow. <i>Cephalic plate</i> smooth, without margins, sutures and depressions, but with fine punctuations; caudal margin overlain by the first tergite (Fig. 14). <i>Antennae</i> with 18 antennomeres; first two antennomeres glabrous, third glabrous dorsally, but pubescent ventrally; the remaining antennomeres are covered with short yellow setae. <i>Forcipular coxosternum</i> smooth, with fine punctuations and a sulcus, 4+4, 4+5 or 5+5 dental plates and a bristle on the middle of each plate, trochanteroprefemoral process of the coxosternum with three teeth (Fig. 15). <i>Tergites</i> smooth, with few punctuations and shallow complete paramedian sulci from 7th to the 20th tergite, sometimes from 5th to 20th tergite; with short sulci on the anterior margin of the 3rd and 4th tergites; lateral carina present on the last tergite (21st). The posterior margin of the ultimate tergite in males presents a digitiform prolongation (“appendix”), which is longer than the tergite (Fig. 17). The apex is round, laterally flattened forming a concavity on each side with a series of yellowish setae (Figs. 13, 18). <i>Sternites</i> smooth, with sparse punctuation, but without depression; with two anterior sulci from 3rd (4th) to 19th (Fig. 19); ultimate sternite with the posterior margin concave, slightly concave or straight and with a longitudinal depression. <i>Coxopleuron</i> with numerous irregular pores, and a pointed coxopleural process (appendix) (Figs. 12, 16, 18). <i>Legs</i>: first leg with a spur on the femur, two tarsal spurs on the legs 1st to 7th (or 11th); one tarsal spur from the 8th (or 12th) to 19th; 20th and 21st without spur. Ultimate legs long, without spines on the prefemoral.</p> <p> <b>Redescription of female:</b> Same characters as the male, except for tergite 21 and the coxopleura. The posterior margin of the ultimate tergite is angulate, but not extended as in the male (Fig. 21). The posterior portion of the coxopleuron presents a little rounded prominent lobe, but without a sclerotized point (Figs. 20, 22).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> The main difference between <i>O. caudatus</i> and <i>O. cavalcantii</i> is in the posterior border of the coxopleuron. In males of <i>O. caudatus</i> the posterior border has a short rounded prominent lobe, in males of <i>O. cavalcantii</i> there is a pointed sclerotized coxopleural process (appendix). In females, the coxopleuron of <i>O. caudatus</i> is truncate, in <i>O. cavalcantii</i> it has a short round prominent lobe. In females, the posterior border of the ultimate tergite is strongly protracted or acute. This shape of the ultimate tergite in females of <i>O. caudatus</i> and <i>O. cavalcantii</i> is very characteristic, but similar tergites can be found in females of several species of Neotropical <i>Parotostigmus</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Chagas-Júnior, Amazonas, Knysak, Irene & Guizze, Samuel P. G., 2007, Revalidation of the subgenus Dactylotergitius Verhoeff, and redescription of Otostigmus (D.) caudatus Brölemann and Otostigmus (D.) cavalcantii Bücherl (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Otostigminae), pp. 57-67 in Zootaxa 1639</i> on pages 62-64, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/179644">10.5281/zenodo.179644</a&gt

EGGSAC RECOGNITION IN LOXOSCELES GAUCHO (ARANEAE, SICARIIDAE) AND THE EVOLUTION OF MATERNAL CARE IN SPIDERS

Volume: 31Start Page: 90End Page: 10

Revalidation of the subgenus Dactylotergitius Verhoeff, and redescription of Otostigmus (D.) caudatus Brölemann and Otostigmus (D.) cavalcantii Bücherl (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Otostigminae)

Chagas-Júnior, Amazonas, Knysak, Irene, Guizze, Samuel P. G. (2007): Revalidation of the subgenus Dactylotergitius Verhoeff, and redescription of Otostigmus (D.) caudatus Brölemann and Otostigmus (D.) cavalcantii Bücherl (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Otostigminae). Zootaxa 1639: 57-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17964