Effect of Al on the sharpness of the MgSiO_3 perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition

By means of static ab-initio computations we investigate the influence of Al on the recently discovered perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO_3. We examine three substitution mechanisms for Al in the two structures: MgSi → AlAl; SiSiO → AlAl□; and Si → AlH. The substitutions introducing oxygen vacancies (highly unfavorable, energetically) and water (favorable) both lower the 0 Kelvin transition pressure, whereas charge coupled substitution increases it relative to 105 GPa for pure MgSiO_3. From the transition pressures for 0, 6.25, and 100 mol% charge coupled Al_2O_3 incorporation and simple solution theories, we estimate the phase diagram of Al-bearing MgSiO_3 at low Al concentrations. Assuming the Clapeyron slope is independent of Al concentration, we find the perovskite-to-post-perovskite transition region to span 127–140 GPa, at 6.25 mol% Al_2O_3. When the upper pressure limit is bounded by the core-mantle boundary, the phase coexistence region has width 150 km

The Authority of Scripture

We in the American Lutheran Church hope and pray that The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod in Denver will take that step which is necessary for full altar and pulpit fellowship with the American Lutheran Church. As we understand it, you have already decided in convention assembled that the basis for such fellowship exists, but you must take this one more step. We are all acquainted with the complexities of American Lutheranism in the last hundred years, and we all know some of the misunderstandings and some of the real disagreements which have been among us in the decades of the past. But it is our view that the time has come to put some of the past to honored rest. Some of those controversies, some of those great personalities, some of those real concerns belong to the past. We must live in this generation as God has led us to live, and we must work and organize and recognize one another in the ways in which He has shown us for our time

Attitudes of Whitehorse Canada Grade 12 Students towards Harm Reduction as An Intervention Strategy for Crack/Heroin Dependency

This study investigated the association between the psychological variables of conservatism, religiosity, sensation seeking, and health locus of control (HLOC) with Whitehorse Grade 12 students’ attitudes toward harm reduction as an intervention. A total of 138 high school students in Whitehorse Yukon, Canada voluntarily filled out a questionnaire designed to meet the objectives of the study. GLM multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that female participants reported higher levels of conservatism and religiosity than their male counterparts. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the impact of the psychological variables of conservatism, religiosity, sensation seeking, and HLOC on attitudes toward harm reduction as an intervention. The results indicated that only the variable of powerful others HLOC was significantly and negatively associated with the participants’ attitude toward harm reduction as an intervention. The findings were discussed in terms of the role that external HLOC, in particular, the belief that one’s life is controlled by powerful others, may play in the overall level of support for harm reduction as an intervention strategy for drug addiction

Focus groups for a needs assessment of student health services at UW-Stout

Includes bibliographical references

Maintaining Trust Through Patient-centered Care and Collaboration: a Leadership Model for Hospitals

This study analyzes actions taken by hospital leaders throughout the United States to improve the services offered by their institutions. A review of studies by researchers on patient-centered care, doctor and nurse collaboration, and involvement of patients\u27 families in the patients\u27 experience revealed that increased focus on patient-centered care, doctor and nurse collaboration, and involvement of patients\u27 families is necessary for trust to be attained by patients

A Multiple Regression Analysis of Factors Concerning Satisfaction,

This study investigated the patterns of student involvement, the level of satisfaction and acculturation of American Indian college students to determine if a relationship existed between these processes. This study gathered data from 139 students between the ages of 18-54 who self-identify as American Indian. This study included men and women. Four state colleges and universities participated in the study. Data was gathered in the spring semester 2016 using two instruments: the College Student Experience Questionnaire (CSEQ) and the Native American Acculturation scale (NAAS) that were combined on an on-line survey. The data analysis used descriptive statistics, with a T-Test (Independent /Group), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) a Multiple Regression and a Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient to measure the relationships between independent and dependent variables of demographics, acculturation, satisfaction, and participation in college activities (academic, non-academic, cultural programs and support services). This study is based on the theories of discontinuity and transculturation

On the Inference of Thermal Inversions in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres

Several studies in the recent past have inferred the existence of thermal inversions in some transiting hot Jupiter atmospheres. Given the limited data available, the inference of a thermal inversion depends critically on the chemical composition assumed for the atmosphere. In this study, we explore the degeneracies between thermal inversions and molecular abundances in four highly irradiated hot Jupiter atmospheres, day-side observations of which were previously reported to be consistent with thermal inversions based on Spitzer photometry. The four systems are: HD 209458b, HAT-P-7b, TrES-4, and TrES-2. For each system, we explore the model parameter space with ~ 10^6 models using a Markov chain Monte Carlo routine. Our results primarily suggest that a thorough exploration of the model parameter space is necessary to identify thermal inversions in hot Jupiter atmospheres. We find that existing observations of TrES-4 and TrES-2 can both be fit very precisely with models with and without thermal inversions, and with a wide range in chemical composition. On the other hand, observations of HD 209458b and HAT-P-7b are better fit with thermal inversions than without, as has been reported before. We do not see a correlation between irradiation levels and thermal inversions, given current data. Before JWST becomes available, near-IR observations from ground and with HST, along with existing Spitzer observations, can potentially resolve thermal inversions in some systems.Comment: 16 pages in emulate ApJ format, 6 figures, 3 tables (Accepted in ApJ

Food Safety Standards for the U. S. Fresh Produce Industry

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Q18,

Recent Developments in Few-Nucleon Systems

N-d elastic scattering is studied at different energies using one of the modern NN interactions, the Argonne v_{18} which explicitly includes the magnetic moment interaction between two nucleons. This interaction, which has been often neglected in the description of the few-nucleon continuum, produces sizable modifications in some elastic observables. Its effects, as well as those produced by the Coulomb potential, are analyzed as a function of energy. The magnetic moment interaction produces appreciable effects in $p-d$ scattering at low energies butthey are very small above 10 MeV. Above 65 MeV Coulomb effects can be observed only in specific observables as for example $T_{21}$.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, invited talk at the 17th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body problems in Physics, June 5-10, 2003, Durham (USA

Infrared Eclipses of the Strongly Irradiated Planet WASP-33b, and Oscillations of its Host Star

We observe two secondary eclipses of the strongly irradiated transiting planet WASP-33b in the Ks band, and one secondary eclipse each at 3.6- and 4.5 microns using Warm Spitzer. This planet orbits an A5V delta-Scuti star that is known to exhibit low amplitude non-radial p-mode oscillations at about 0.1-percent semi-amplitude. We detect stellar oscillations in all of our infrared eclipse data, and also in one night of observations at J-band out of eclipse. The oscillation amplitude, in all infrared bands except Ks, is about the same as in the optical. However, the stellar oscillations in Ks band have about twice the amplitude as seen in the optical, possibly because the Brackett-gamma line falls in this bandpass. We use our best-fit values for the eclipse depth, as well as the 0.9 micron eclipse observed by Smith et al., to explore possible states of the exoplanetary atmosphere, based on the method of Madhusudhan and Seager. On this basis we find two possible states for the atmospheric structure of WASP-33b. One possibility is a non-inverted temperature structure in spite of the strong irradiance, but this model requires an enhanced carbon abundance (C/O>1). The alternative model has solar composition, but an inverted temperature structure. Spectroscopy of the planet at secondary eclipse, using a spectral resolution that can resolve the water vapor band structure, should be able to break the degeneracy between these very different possible states of the exoplanetary atmosphere. However, both of those model atmospheres absorb nearly all of the stellar irradiance with minimal longitudinal re-distribution of energy, strengthening the hypothesis of Cowan et al. that the most strongly irradiated planets circulate energy poorly. Our measurement of the central phase of the eclipse yields e*cos(omega)=0.0003 +/-0.00013, which we regard as being consistent with a circular orbit.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for the Astrophysical Journa